Orthognathic surgery is the art and science of diagnosis , treatment planning and execution of treatment by combining both orthodontics and oral and maxillofacial surge
2. contents
Orthognathic surgery
Indication and contra indication of the treatment
Diagnosis and treatment planning
Mandibular orthognathic procedures
Maxillary orthognathic surgery
Sequence of the treatment
Retention, relapse and stability of the treatment
3D surgical development
Complication
Post operative care
3. Orthognathic surgery
Is the art and science of diagnosis, treatment planning and
execution of treatment by combining orthodontics and oral and
maxillofacial surgery to correct musculoskeletal , dent-osseous and
soft tissue deformities of the jaws and associated structures
4. A dentofacial deformity is a deviation from normal facial
proportions and dental relationships that is severe enough to be
handicapping to the patient by two possible ways
Jaw function
Aesthetics
5.
6. Indication for treatment
Combined orthodontics and orthognathic surgery is indicated for
patients who have a severe skeletal or very severe dento-alveolar
problems that is to extreme to correct with orthodontics alone
7. When faced with a skeletal discrepancy the
clinician has three choices
Growth modification
Orthodontic camouflage
Combined orthodontic and orthognathic
surgery
8.
9. Contraindication
Patient with systemic disease or local factor that affect normal
wound healing
Compromised vascularity of the surgical region
Non complaint patient
Patient with poor oral hygiene
10. Objectives of the treatment
The objective of the treatment are the same as for orthodontic
treatment:-
Acceptable dental and facial esthetic
Good function
Optimal oral health
Stability
11. Diagnosis and treatment planning
Diagnosis and treatment planning for combined
orthodontic and orthognathic surgical patient
should follow the same sequence that used for
orthodontic treatment planning by taking
Appropriate history
Clinical examination
Collection of appropriate diagnostic records
12. History
The purpose of the history is to determine :-
Patient concerns
Patient’s motivation, expectation and
psychological status
Medical and dental history
13. Clinical examination
Preoperative assessment of the patient:- the clinical examination
should consist of a systemic approach of both hard and soft tissue
29. Mandibular orthognathic surgery
It can be divided into several section:-
Surgery in which the jaw is moved in antrio-posterior
direction by an osteotomy either in the ramus or body of the
mandible
Surgery to the dentoalveolar area, such as segmental surgery
to shift the teeth and alveolus but maintaining the integrity of
the lower part of the mandible
Surgery into the chin, moving it in superior , inferior ,
posterior or anterior direction sometimes accompanied by
reshaping
78. Retention and relapse
Relapse can be defined as movement of osteotomized fragment
back to their original position . Many of factors that are associated
with post treatment relapse:-
79. Surgical factors
Poor planning
The size of the movement required. Movement of the
maxilla by more than 5-6mm in any direction is more
susceptible to relapse as is movement of the mandible by
more than 8mm
Direction of the movement
Distraction of the condylar head out of the glenoid fossa
Inadequate fixation
80. Orthodontic factors
Poor planning
Movement of the teeth into the zones of soft
tissue pressure will lead to relapse when
appliances are removed .Therefore treatment
should be planned to ensure that the teeth will
be in the zone of soft tissue balance post-
operatively and that the lip will be competent
Extrusion of the teeth during alignment tend
to relapse post-treatment, particularly in cases
of anterior open bite
81. Patient factors
The nature of the problem for example,
anterior open bites associated with abnormal
soft tissue behavior are difficult to treat
successfully and have marked potential to
relapse
In patient with cleft lip and palate,
advancement of the maxilla is difficult and
prone to relapse because of the scar tissue
Failure to comply with treatment for example
patient does not wear itermaxillary elastic
traction as instructed
82. Complication of orthognathic surgery
Pain
Swelling
Bleeding
Infection
Numbness
Limited mouth opening
TMJ problem
Change in the facial appearance
Dietary changes with weight loss
Problems swallowing
Opthalmic complication
Reduction in auditory capacity
88. Post operative care
Diet is very important after the surgery to accelerate the
healing process , liquid diet is common
Teeth cleaning 4-6 times per a day especially after eating,
also mouth rinsing with chlorohexidine is very important
For some surgery , pain may be minimal due to the minor
nerve damage and lack of feeling , prescribe pain medication
and prophylactic antibiotic
The speech will improve with practice
Nasal congestion may occur both from the tube placed in
nostrils or from surgical procedure of the upper jaw it can be
managed by using nasal spray or clean the nostrils
The surgeon will see the patient for check up frequently to
check on the healing, infection and to make sure nothing has
moved