organic poultry production by Dr.Huzaifa Younis
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This document discusses free-range and pastured poultry farming alternatives for small farms. It describes how the birds are raised in a non-stressed environment where they are not crowded and have access to a natural diet, fresh air, and sunlight. The document outlines housing and management practices for free-range chickens such as using portable housing that allows the birds access to pasture, providing adequate space for feeding and exercise, and maintaining clean conditions. Organic certification standards require that organic poultry have access to the outdoors to exercise and experience natural behaviors while being protected from adverse weather.
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The productivity of farm animals is set by INHERITANCE i.e. passing of genes from parents to off springs however the environment determines how much the inheritance potential is going to be reached. So livestock improvement is therefore the program that set out to improve the inheritance of the environment in which they are kept.
Concept of inheritance
Inheritance deals with the mechanism by which characteristics of parents are passed to the off springs. The mechanism of inheritance resides in the sex cells (gametes) in both males and females which contain CHROMOSOMES carrying units of inheritance called genes.
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- The document outlines improved management practices for native chicken production, including housing, feeding, breeding, incubation, and brooding.
- With proper management, native hens can produce 130-200 eggs per year, compared to 40-60 eggs under traditional systems. Their meat and eggs are preferred for taste and sustainability.
- The project proposes financing to support improved native chicken production for 100 farmers, covering inputs, training, and establishment of production modules. Financial projections show the venture would
Raising%2b pastured%2bpoultry
Raising pastured poultry provides meat for families and additional income through local sales. Chicks are bought and raised for 3 weeks indoors before moving to rotated grazing areas. Broilers are harvested at 8-14 weeks when they weigh 6-10 pounds. Facilities include movable pens that are easily relocated daily. Finding processing facilities can be challenging but mobile units have helped address this issue for small farms. Daily management is required to maintain good health and prevent common diseases through clean housing and a balanced diet.
Range Poultry Housing
Experienced pastured-poultry producer Robert Plamondon discusses various housing designs for outdoor poultry production in 3 sentences or less:
1) He describes daily-move pens, which are moved by hand daily and leave manure behind to fertilize pasture, as well as examples like Joel Salatin's design using a wood frame and aluminum roof/walls;
2) He also discusses machine-portable housing that is moved periodically by tractor to new pastures; and
3) Fixed housing and other options are mentioned, along with considerations for range operations like winds, production impacts, and predator protection.
Practical guide to snail farming
This document provides a practical guide for snail farming. It discusses why snail farming is a good agricultural practice due to its low startup costs and space requirements. Snail farming can be profitable due to high market demand for snails, which are seen as a healthy source of protein. The document describes the most common species of snails farmed, Achatina achatina, Achatina maginata, and Achatina folica. It provides guidance on site selection, housing, soil preparation, feeding, breeding, disease prevention, and selling snails for profit.
Abnormal behavior of birds in captivity.pptx
Abnormal behavior in birds kept in captivity can manifest in various ways and may indicate underlying physical or psychological issues. Here are some examples of abnormal behavior commonly observed in captive birds:
Feather plucking or self-mutilation: Birds may engage in excessive preening, leading to the loss of feathers and even self-inflicted injuries. This behavior can be caused by stress, boredom, lack of mental stimulation, improper diet, or health problems.
Stereotypic behaviors: Birds may develop repetitive and seemingly purposeless actions, such as head bobbing, wing flipping, or pacing back and forth in their enclosure. These behaviors are often associated with frustration, confinement, or the absence of natural behaviors like flying or foraging.
Aggression: Captive birds may exhibit aggressive behaviors towards other birds, humans, or even objects in their environment. This can be a result of overcrowding, territorial disputes, or the absence of appropriate social interactions.
Abnormal vocalizations: Birds may display excessive or unusual vocalizations, such as screaming, screeching, or constant chirping. This can be a sign of distress, attention-seeking, or an attempt to communicate their needs.
Fearfulness or avoidance: Birds that are constantly fearful, overly skittish, or avoid human contact may have experienced traumatic events or inadequate socialization. They may be displaying signs of anxiety, stress, or a lack of trust.
Abnormal eating or drinking habits: Birds may exhibit changes in their eating or drinking behaviors, such as refusal to eat, overeating, or excessive water consumption. These changes can be indicative of physical health issues or underlying stress.
Nesting or breeding difficulties: Some captive birds may exhibit difficulties in nesting or breeding behaviors, such as repeated nest destruction, lack of interest in mating, or inadequate parental care. These issues can be related to improper environmental conditions or hormonal imbalances.
It's important to note that abnormal behavior in birds should not be taken lightly, as it can be an indication of their welfare being compromised. If you observe abnormal behaviors in captive birds, it is recommended to consult with avian experts, veterinarians, or animal behaviorists who can provide appropriate advice and interventions to address the underlying causes and improve the well-being of the birds.
back yard farming
Backyard poultry farming is a small-scale system where a rural household keeps 5-25 birds primarily for family use and consumption. Any surplus eggs or birds are sold locally to generate additional income. It is an important source of nutrition, income and asset building for poorer families. The birds require adequate housing that protects them from weather and predators while providing access to feed, water, light and ventilation. Though production is low, backyard poultry is low-cost and the birds can find food by scavenging, making it a valuable system for rural livelihoods.
Maintence and breeding of laboratory animals
The document discusses laboratory animals and their use in biomedical research. It states that rodents like mice and rats are most commonly used as they are inexpensive and easy to care for. Ideal laboratory animals must be bred and housed in rigorously controlled environments. Proper housing, management, sanitation and environmental conditions are required to ensure animal welfare and quality research data. Common laboratory animals include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs and others. Rodent breeding procedures aim to provide offspring for research according to investigators' protocols.
Presentation on Poultry Farming
this include all about poultry farming , which I have learnt form the topic including extra question
Pasture management to control internal parasites
Pasture management to control internal parasitesUniversity of Maryland Extension Small Ruminant Program
This document discusses various pasture management strategies to control internal parasites in small ruminants. It emphasizes that integrated approaches relying less on dewormers are now needed to combat drug resistance. Key strategies discussed include rotational grazing to reduce worm burdens, long pasture rest periods to allow larvae to die off, minimum grazing heights to avoid ingesting larvae, alternative forages that inhibit parasites, multi-species grazing to dilute contamination, strategic use of confinement, and feeding the worm-killing fungus BioWorma to prevent reinfection through manure. The document stresses the importance of managing pastures and adopting multiple complementary practices to control internal parasites.Management of insect by using bird
Birds can help control pest insects on farms. When farmers provide habitat for birds near crops, the birds consume more pests. Over 220 bird species in North America eat agricultural insect pests. Birds have different diets and foraging strategies - insect-eating, omnivorous, granivorous - which help reduce different pest types. Factors that harm beneficial bird populations on farms include habitat destruction, climate change, pesticide use, predation by cats, and death from wires or drowning in water troughs. Farmers can take steps to address these threats and better support bird populations that naturally control insect pests.
Backyard & semi intensive rearing of Poultry.pptx
FREE RANGE / EXTENSIVE SYSTEM
• Availability of land – adequate.
• Stocking density – 250 birds/ hectare.
• Range of fields provides greens, feed and water.
• Major source of feeding – foraging.
• Provision of shelter by temporary roofing supported by poles to provide night shelter and also to protect the birds from inclement weather.
• Fields for foraging are used on rotational basis.
This system of rearing is most suitable for Organic Farming.
ADVANTAGES
Less capital investment, Housing can be provided with locally available materials
Cost of feeding is less, as the birds are let loose for foraging in the fields
Cost of production is less.
Fertility of soil can be maintained.
Expression of natural behaviour patterns such as nesting, perching, dust bathing and scratching.
LIMITATIONS
Requires larger area of land and stocking density is less.
Scientific managemental practices cannot be adopted.
Suitable for only slow growing birds.
Biosecurity cannot be maintained.
Eggs can be lost in the fields.
Risk of infections from wild birds or other living organisms. Problem of predators
SEMI INTENSIVE SYSTEM
• Birds reared on solid floored houses in night time and given access to range in the day time.
• Stocking density is 750 birds/ hectare.
• Houses are provided with solid floors, while the runs are fields only.
• Birds can scavenge in the runs.
• There is provision of water and feed (50% of the requirement) inside the pens.
• Generally, this system od rearing is adopted for rearing of ducks and laying hens.
Feed resources available through scavenging / foraging
Household wastes
Naturally occurring organic material like worms, insects, maggots termites etc,
Crop surpluses and their by products
Fodder material and
Non commercial feed like grasses, herbs, algae etc.
Birds under scavenging conditions pickup farm produced grain like maize, jowar and millets to meet their daily requirement of energy or carbohydrates.
In addition birds can scavenge to prey on insects, worms, larvae, snails, termites, maggots, marine wastes etc. to satisfy the protein, mineral and vitamin needs.
sustainability of backyard poultry depends upon the interplay between environment, local resources, agricultural practices of that area.
ADVANTAGES
More economical use of land compared to extensive system.
Protection of birds from extreme climatic conditions.
Control over scientific operation to some extent is possible
LIMITATIONS
Cost of fencing and housing
Need for routine cleaning
Requirement of labour
SCAVENGING FEED RESOURCE BASE (SFRB)
Monitoring the quantity of scavengeable feed available season-wise in a village to assess the gap between resources accessible to the birds and their actual requirement to provide feed through supplementation
SFRB is defined as the total amount of food items available to all scavenging birds in a given area.
The SFRB includes termites, snails, worms, insects, grain from sowing, harvesting by-products, seeds, grass, fodder tree leaves,
Farming-fishing
Livestock animal production involves breeding animals in captivity to meet basic human needs like food, clothing, and labor. It provides meat, milk, eggs, wool, and work animals. Livestock production requires managing animal inputs like feed, nutrition, reproduction, health, behavior, and waste. It can be done through factory farming, where large numbers are confined indoors, or free range farming, where animals roam outdoors but require more space.
Online assingment (1)
This document discusses community awareness programs focused on pisciculture (fish farming), bird watching, and bird rearing. It provides details on:
- Pisciculture methods including extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive fish farming approaches. Common fish species farmed are carp, salmon, tilapia, and catfish.
- Bird watching as a hobby involving observing birds with binoculars or listening for sounds. Most birdwatchers pursue it recreationally rather than scientifically.
- Bird rearing requirements including proper brooding temperatures, use of brooder rings, and adjusting temperatures based on bird behavior. Housing, temperature control, and flooring are important considerations for bird health.
Farming-Fishing
Farming and fishing have played important roles in human development and meeting basic needs over 500,000 years. Animals provide humans with food, clothing, labor and power, shelter, and emotional well-being. There are two main types of livestock farming - factory farming, where animals live indoors in close quarters, and free-range farming, where animals live outdoors but require more space. Coastal fishing harvests fish and shellfish near shore like sardines and mussels, while deep sea fishing uses large boats far from coasts to catch fish like hake, cod and swordfish.
Brooding.pptx
The document discusses brooding, which is the process of providing supplemental heat to help maintain the body temperature of chicks after they have been removed from the incubator. It describes optimal brooding temperatures, the need for adequate light, ventilation, and space as chicks grow. Proper sanitation, protection from predators, and use of litter or elevated wire/slat floors are also discussed. Guidelines are provided for setting up the brooder, monitoring chick health, adjusting temperatures as they grow, and properly disposing of sick or dead chicks.
Eagles and Farmers booklet
Eagles play an important role in controlling pest populations like dassies and hares that compete with livestock for food. While eagles may occasionally prey on young livestock, they typically eat small mammals, reptiles, and carrion. The document provides tips for farmers to avoid conflicts with eagles, such as not overstocking livestock and keeping newborn animals away from eagle nesting sites. It also explains how farmers can help eagles by protecting nesting sites and using poison responsibly to control pests.
14. inegrated farm enterprises ( poultry farming) A Series of Training Lectur...
A Series of Training Lecturer Delivered to Sungi Development Foundation Abbottabad Pakistan Trainees By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Master Trainer KPK Pakistan
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- 3. Submitted to, Dr. HUZAIFA YOUNIS Submitted by,
- 4. The Free-Range Chicken Alternative for Small Farms The birds are raised in a non-stressed environment. they are not crowded. they have a natural diet of grains, forage, and bugs. they have plenty of fresh air and sunlight.
- 5. Free-RangePoultryAlternativeforSmallFarms The birds are processed by hand, thereby keeping the carcass clean. This is an antibiotic-free system.
- 6. FreeRange Refers to operations using moveable housing and access to pasture. In free-range operations, portable houses or pens are moved regularly so that chickens may forage grass, seeds, and insects.
- 7. PasturedPoultry Term used to describe a modification of free-range. A field pen is used where the grazing area and bird density are strictly controlled. Birds are pastured in floorless pens and moved daily usually in a rotation following cattle. 10 x 12 x 2 Holds 75 –100 birds
- 8. Free-RangePoultryEnterprises Table Birds (meat). Layers. Turkeys. Ducks. Game Birds.
- 9. HousingChicks A 6x8ft. room is adequate for starting 100- 200 chicks, 15x15 can hod up to 400 chicks. If you run more than 200-300 birds, you need to partition them off. Studies have shown that performance drops off in groups of more than 300 birds.
- 10. Bedding Use dry sawdust or wood shavings for bedding; shavings is preferred. You don’t want anything that will mat down. Hay, leaves, and straw will mat. Matting reduces manure penetration which leads to the formation of a damp, filthy layer on top.
- 11. Feeders The birds need enough linear space to accommodate 35-50% of the flock at one time. It is unnecessary to accommodate feeding space for all of them, since chicks spend a lot of time sleeping. When the chicks line up to the feeder count them. If it is not at least 35%, add some feeders.
- 12. feeders Every few days feeder space will change as the birds grow, so fewer will fit around the feeders. One of the easiest ways to foster leg problems in chicks is the stress associated with inadequate feeder space. Make sure that they never run out of feed; it is better to waste some.
- 13. Organic poultryshed Standards:- poultry not required to have access to pasture, but must be given freedom to: 1) exercise. 2) access to fresh air. 3) exposure to direct sunlight. Birds can be “housed” if weather is bad exception.
- 14. Organic producer will pasture the birds and/or house in semi-confinement and temporary confinement. Producers must create “Organic System Plan” if seek certification. 1. Comply with national rules. 2. Describe how to manage flock, house, feed, waste, handling, health, welfare, and maintain records.
- 15. HUSBANDRY AND MANAGEMENT Birds: Day-old chicks, all species and breeds. Land: Outdoor access (land must be organic). Housing: Semi-confinement or pasture. Density: Allow for natural behavior. Equipment: electric fence, poultry netting, feed troughs, water fountains.
- 16. Cont… Labor: Keep accurate records. Operation: Year-round. Advantages: Premium prices for products, environmentally friendly, endorsed by animal rights groups. Disadvantages: Record keeping, regulated management practices, higher feed costs.
- 17. RAISING BIRDS ON PASTURE Standards:- “living conditions which accommodate health and natural behavior of animals” • Pasturing is compliant, but not required • Outdoor access with minimum plant cover are compliant • Outdoor cement yards are not compliant Many producers keep birds on pasture for 6 months
- 18. EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Check list:- • Feeders • Artificial lights • Waterers • Electric fence • Litter • Approved cleaners • Nest boxes • Organic certified seed- on pasture
- 20. Housing Certain living conditions:- • Exercise. • Provide for. • Escape bad weather natural behaviors. • Provide fresh air. • Move birds without injury.