This document discusses the JavaScript library Prototype and how it can be used to build dynamic user interfaces with Ajax techniques. It provides an overview of Prototype's features for simplifying Ajax calls, enhancing DOM manipulation, adding visual effects, and debugging JavaScript across browsers. The document promotes Prototype as a way to focus on applications rather than browser bugs and contains links to documentation, extensions, and debugging tools to support Prototype development.

1. Thomas Fuchs
Combining advanced
JavaScript/DOM techniques
and Ajax to build better
User Interfaces

2. Thomas Fuchs
Or:
Create Happy Users

3. Thomas Fuchs
• wollzelle
• Core team member of
Ruby on Rails
• script.aculo.us
• mir.aculo.us

4. • Branding/Design/Web
• fluxiom Digital Asset
Management
http://www.fluxiom.com
• http://www.wollzelle.com/

5. Tools

6. JavaScript,
as seen by the browser
Source: http://www.pollux.franken.de/KNF/

7. JavaScript Frameworks
make you…

8. …write less code…

9. …code more elegantly…

10. …deal less with
browser bugs…

11. …and ultimately stay happy.

12. Concentrate on
your application…

13. …and not on
browser bugs.

14. 1.5

15. Prototype is
JavaScript, reloaded

16. Ajax

17. Basic Ajax calls
(HTML snippets)

18. Ajax Forms

19. hot topic
The
of 2 006!
Ajax behaviours
Server-side JavaScript generation:
Prototype automatically evaluates JavaScript
when Content-type: text/javascript is set

20. Hooks for integration
with UI enhancements
(like activity indicators)

21. Extensions to
built-in object types

23. Enumerables

25. $ and $$

27. Direct Element
extensions

28. Prototype 1.4
vs
Prototype 1.5

29. .update()
.replace()
.remove()
.visible()
.setStyle()
.addClassName()
(…and lots more)

30. Events
(without cross-browser
pain)

32. eat s heet!
ch
http://www.snook.ca/archives/000531.php

33. Of course,
just think of it as magic.
Sam Stephenson,
author of Prototype

34. 1.6

35. Visual effects

36. Drag and Drop

37. s of c ode!
2 line

38. Ready-to-use controls

39. Real-time search
Autocompleting
Drag and Drop
Inplace editor
Slider

40. Plus some extras
JavaScript unit testing, DOM Builder

42. Docs & Help
• Wiki:
http://wiki.script.aculo.us/
• Mailing list:
http://lists.rubyonrails.org/mailman/listinfo/rails-spinoffs
• IRC channel:
#prototype on freenode.net

43. Add-ons

44. event:Selectors
http://encytemedia.com/event-selectors/

45. Lightbox JS
http://www.huddletogether.com/projects/lightbox2/

46. Windows
http://blogus.xilinus.com/pages/javawin

47. Visual effects
Sliding panels and homegrown effects

48. Advanced
engine for visual effects
Time-based
Complex effects easily
possible

49. More than just „eye candy“
Visual feedback
Loading times „feel shorter“
Can help move away from
proprietary plugins

50. On board
Often-used effects
„Yellow Fade Technique“
Fade in and out
Sliding panels
Puff, Shake, etc.

54. at sh eet!
che
http://www.slash7.com/articles/2006/04/22/
scriptaculous-cheat-sheet-1

55. Do-it-yourself effects
Very easy to do
Automatically use all the
features from the visual
effects engine

56. Complete tutorial &
demo code:
http://www.thinkvitamin.com/features/
ajax/create-your-own-ajax-effects

57. Activity indicators
Show what‘s going on

58. „There‘s something going
on, wait a sec“
Revival of the
animated GIF
Both „per use“ and
„global“ indicators possible

59. „Local“ indicator
for a specific request,
show/hide indicator image

60. „Global“ indicator
for a all Ajax requests,
appear/fade an indicator image

61. Need an indicator image?
http://www.ajaxload.info/

62. Annonyances &
Debugging

63. Lessons learned
from a year of Ajax

64. Not all Browsers are
created equal.

65. CSS

66. CSS can eliminate or save on
server accesses
HTML sizes are reduced
Be creative, CSS is extremely
capable

67. JavaScript performance

68. DOM-API can be slow
Firefox is the slowest (better in 1.5)
Caching references in JavaScript vars
.innerHTML is your friend
Venkman profiling

69. Ajax Security

70. Ajax is as secure as any
browser request
So: Don‘t trust it
Always verify user submitted
data on the server

71. Which data format?

72. Trivial updates: HTML
Complex updates: JavaScript
Use HTTP caching
Don‘t overengineer
ragm atic!
be p

73. Some helpful hints

74. Local calls only
• Ajax can only call originating server
• Also works with file:// URLs
• Use server-side proxying if you want to tie in
other services

75. The Back button
• The browser back button works by returning the
user to the last „non-ajax“ loaded page
• Keep that in mind, especially for public sites
• Workarounds available, but aren‘t working with
all browsers

76. display: none
• Don‘t use display:none in external CSS
• Browser can‘t determine the original (built-in)
display value of an element (like „block“ for DIVs,
and „inline“ for SPANs)
• Use the style attribute instead:
<div style=“display:none“>...</div>

77. Internet Explorer
image cache
• Internet Explorer doesn‘t use its cache when
HTML page fragments that are inserted via Ajax
are loading images (IMG tag)
• Some proprietary HTTP headers exist to work
around this (hey, it‘s Microsoft!):
• http://mir.aculo.us/articles/2005/08/28/internet-
explorer-and-ajax-image-caching-woes

78. The verboten IDs
of Internet Explorer
• IE 6 has some bugs regarding naming ID attributes
• Don‘t use: „length“, „item“, „namedItem“, „tags“
or „urns“
• http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2005/08/29/
reserved-id-values/

79. JavaScript objects
new Ajax.Updater('test', 'update.php', {
onComplete: function() {},
insertion: Insertion.Top,
});
evil comma
This code works in Firefox,
of browser
but doesn‘t in Safari.
death
Always test in all browsers you
want to support!

80. Debugging JavaScript

81. No rocket surgery here

82. The first
rule of
AJAX
debugging:
Use Firefox

83. The second
rule of
AJAX
debugging:
Use Firefox
+Extensions

84. Firebug

85. Firebug
Version 0.4 will include a
lightweight JavaScript debugger

86. Web Developer
Extension

87. Venkman JavaScript
Debugger
oes
also d g!
profilin

88. Tamperdata

89. The third
rule:
Test with all
browsers
you want to
support

90. Safari Web Inspector

91. Microsoft Script
Debugger for IE
• http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/
2004/10/26/247912.aspx

92. „It‘s more like Web 3.0“
What can you actually do with all this?

93. Available now
www.fluxiom.com

94. Q&A