1. The document describes a student project to extract essential oil from orange peels and use it to produce orange air freshener and face wash.
2. Methods for extracting oil from raw and dry orange peels are outlined, including steam distillation and soaking peels in grain alcohol.
3. Tests like iodine and pH tests are used to confirm the presence of limonene and acidity in the extracted oils.
4. Ingredients and benefits of the produced orange air freshener and face wash are provided.
Extraction and Production of Essential Oils
(Phytochemicals, Aromatic Chemicals, Aromatic Compounds, Spice Oils and Oleoresins, Curcumin, Rose Oil Extraction, Chilli Oil, Ginger Oil, Black Pepper Oil, Chilli Oleoresin, Cresols, Menthol Oil, Clove Oil & Citronella Oil, Patchouli Oil, Garlic Oil)
The essential oils are extracted from the botanical material using a variety of extraction methods to suit the material extracted from and are highly odoriferous liquids.
Essential oils are the fragrant, highly concentrated natural constituents that are found in plants. They are what give the plant its characteristic odour and contain the healing power of the plant from which it was extracted.
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Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
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Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, How Essential Oils are Produced, Essential Oil Extraction Methods, Essential Oil Extraction Project Report, Essential Oil Extraction Equipment, Extraction Of Essential Oils from Plants, Project Report on Essential Oils, Project Profile on Essential Oils Producing Plant, Projects on Essential Oils, Essential Oil Manufacturing Plant, Essential Oil Extraction, Essential Oils, Essential Oil Production, Essential Oil Extraction Business Plan, Essential Oil Processing Unit, Business Plan for Essential Oils Extraction, Essential Oil Project, Production of Essential Oil, How to Manufacture Essential Oils, Extract Essential Oils, Essential Oil Extraction Plant, Profit from Producing Essential Oils, Start Spice Oleo Resins Extraction, How are Essential Oils Extracted?, Extraction Methods of Natural Essential Oils, Production of Natural Essential Oils, How to Make Essential Oils, Essential Oils Production, Production Process of Essential Oils, Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, Essential Oil Manufacturing, Essential Oil Extraction Process, Methods of Producing Essential Oils, Making Essential Oils, Manufacturing of Essential Oils, Production and Processing of Essential Oils, Essential Oils Processing Equipment, Patchouli Essential Oil, Guide To Making Essential Oil, Essential Oil Manufacture, Process For Manufacturing Essential Oils, Essential Oils Industry, Process of Essential Oil Extraction, Aromatic Chemicals, Aromatic Compounds, Spice Oils and Oleoresins, Curcumin, Rose Oil Extraction, Chilli Oil, Ginger Oil, Black Pepper Oil, Chilli Oleoresin, Cresols, Menthol Oil, Clove Oil & Citronella Oil, Patchouli Oil, Garlic Oil, Method to Extract Rose Oil, Rose Oil Extracting Plant
This topic gives the basic idea of the essential oil, its characteristics, methods available for extraction and where exactly essential oils used in food.
Extraction and Production of Essential Oils
(Phytochemicals, Aromatic Chemicals, Aromatic Compounds, Spice Oils and Oleoresins, Curcumin, Rose Oil Extraction, Chilli Oil, Ginger Oil, Black Pepper Oil, Chilli Oleoresin, Cresols, Menthol Oil, Clove Oil & Citronella Oil, Patchouli Oil, Garlic Oil)
The essential oils are extracted from the botanical material using a variety of extraction methods to suit the material extracted from and are highly odoriferous liquids.
Essential oils are the fragrant, highly concentrated natural constituents that are found in plants. They are what give the plant its characteristic odour and contain the healing power of the plant from which it was extracted.
See more
https://goo.gl/wgHxWU
https://goo.gl/xEZrmt
https://goo.gl/5ZPcrL
https://goo.gl/KtiWbu
https://goo.gl/xW4Yo8
https://goo.gl/LSWgEJ
https://goo.gl/cBc2Zw
https://goo.gl/rCrZjf
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, How Essential Oils are Produced, Essential Oil Extraction Methods, Essential Oil Extraction Project Report, Essential Oil Extraction Equipment, Extraction Of Essential Oils from Plants, Project Report on Essential Oils, Project Profile on Essential Oils Producing Plant, Projects on Essential Oils, Essential Oil Manufacturing Plant, Essential Oil Extraction, Essential Oils, Essential Oil Production, Essential Oil Extraction Business Plan, Essential Oil Processing Unit, Business Plan for Essential Oils Extraction, Essential Oil Project, Production of Essential Oil, How to Manufacture Essential Oils, Extract Essential Oils, Essential Oil Extraction Plant, Profit from Producing Essential Oils, Start Spice Oleo Resins Extraction, How are Essential Oils Extracted?, Extraction Methods of Natural Essential Oils, Production of Natural Essential Oils, How to Make Essential Oils, Essential Oils Production, Production Process of Essential Oils, Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, Essential Oil Manufacturing, Essential Oil Extraction Process, Methods of Producing Essential Oils, Making Essential Oils, Manufacturing of Essential Oils, Production and Processing of Essential Oils, Essential Oils Processing Equipment, Patchouli Essential Oil, Guide To Making Essential Oil, Essential Oil Manufacture, Process For Manufacturing Essential Oils, Essential Oils Industry, Process of Essential Oil Extraction, Aromatic Chemicals, Aromatic Compounds, Spice Oils and Oleoresins, Curcumin, Rose Oil Extraction, Chilli Oil, Ginger Oil, Black Pepper Oil, Chilli Oleoresin, Cresols, Menthol Oil, Clove Oil & Citronella Oil, Patchouli Oil, Garlic Oil, Method to Extract Rose Oil, Rose Oil Extracting Plant
This topic gives the basic idea of the essential oil, its characteristics, methods available for extraction and where exactly essential oils used in food.
Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from TomatoesManali Parab
Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomatoes
Comparison between classical method and new enzymatic method.
Enzymes used: Carenzyme and Pectinex
Solvent extraction, an innovative adaptation of existing crude oil refining technology, is being studied for its potential to upgrade used oils produced by small-scale oil treatment facilities. This report presents the design for a pilot-scale treatment plant using solvent extraction.
This report presents the design and the needed information for a pilot scale solvent treatment plant. Observations and discussion regarding the project and the design assumptions are presented along with the design.
Definitions “volatile oils”, “Ethereal oils” or Essential oils”
Volatile oils: Complex liquid mixtures of odoriferous compounds of varying chemical composition, which easily evaporate when exposed to air at room temperature, and which are used for either their specific therapeutic activity or their aroma.
Aromatherapy is a branch of complementary medicine, which depends on the use of aromatic plants, their extracts, mainly their essential oils to promote health, beauty and vitality.
Title: Almond Oil- Mandel- Badam
• Description: In this video the viewers will come to know about ALMOND OIL that is one of the Lipid containing crude drugs obtained from the various plant sources. Almond oil is a fixed oil obtained by expression from the seeds of Prunus amygdalus (Rosaceae) var. dulcis (sweet almonds) or P. amygdalus var. amara (bitter almonds). This drug becomes important since it is obtained from nut source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
1. Synonyms of Almond oil
2. Biological Sources of ALMOND OIL
3. Geographical Sources of ALMOND OIL
4. Preparation of ALMOND OIL
5. Description of ALMOND OIL
6. Chemical Constituents of Almond oil
7. Chemical Test of ALMOND OIL
8. Uses of Almond oil
Volatile oil
Introduction:
Definition:
All volatile oils are obtained from plant source Except oil of musk, from male deer and amber, from whale.
The volatile oil is obtained by steam distillation of plants or by other method .
Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from TomatoesManali Parab
Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomatoes
Comparison between classical method and new enzymatic method.
Enzymes used: Carenzyme and Pectinex
Solvent extraction, an innovative adaptation of existing crude oil refining technology, is being studied for its potential to upgrade used oils produced by small-scale oil treatment facilities. This report presents the design for a pilot-scale treatment plant using solvent extraction.
This report presents the design and the needed information for a pilot scale solvent treatment plant. Observations and discussion regarding the project and the design assumptions are presented along with the design.
Definitions “volatile oils”, “Ethereal oils” or Essential oils”
Volatile oils: Complex liquid mixtures of odoriferous compounds of varying chemical composition, which easily evaporate when exposed to air at room temperature, and which are used for either their specific therapeutic activity or their aroma.
Aromatherapy is a branch of complementary medicine, which depends on the use of aromatic plants, their extracts, mainly their essential oils to promote health, beauty and vitality.
Title: Almond Oil- Mandel- Badam
• Description: In this video the viewers will come to know about ALMOND OIL that is one of the Lipid containing crude drugs obtained from the various plant sources. Almond oil is a fixed oil obtained by expression from the seeds of Prunus amygdalus (Rosaceae) var. dulcis (sweet almonds) or P. amygdalus var. amara (bitter almonds). This drug becomes important since it is obtained from nut source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
1. Synonyms of Almond oil
2. Biological Sources of ALMOND OIL
3. Geographical Sources of ALMOND OIL
4. Preparation of ALMOND OIL
5. Description of ALMOND OIL
6. Chemical Constituents of Almond oil
7. Chemical Test of ALMOND OIL
8. Uses of Almond oil
Volatile oil
Introduction:
Definition:
All volatile oils are obtained from plant source Except oil of musk, from male deer and amber, from whale.
The volatile oil is obtained by steam distillation of plants or by other method .
Volatile oils and related terpenoids-Methods of obtaining volatile oils,
chemistry, their medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important
volatile oils used as drugs.
This slide includes the plants containing Volatile oil, their chemical components, Structures and uses. As well as how the volatile oil is being obtained from different methods and techniques with the pictorial representation.
Perfume extraction is the extraction of aromatic compounds from raw materials, using methods such as distillation, solvent extraction etc. The extracts are essential oils, absolutes, butters, depending on the amount of waxes in the extracted product. Here, in this work solvent extraction, Enfleurage method, hydrodistillation and steam distillation methods were used to extract essential oil from lemongrass leaves. Distillation based recovery processes such as steam and vacuum distillation are preferred for the extraction of essential oils from plant materials. Other methods include solvent extraction, expression or enfleurage. In the present work, four methods are used for oil extraction namely solvent extraction, hydrodistillation and enfleurage. By using solvent extraction, 2.07% yield of essential oil was obtained. In enfleurage method, we obtained 1.957% oil yield. 0.946% yield of oil was obtained by hydro distillation process. The steam distillation process gave 0.70% yield of oil. From the analysis solvent extraction gave the highest yield because of the less exposure air and heat and this confirm the literature value. The extracted essential oil was formulated into perfume using a fixative and carrier solvent.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
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This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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1. ORANGE AIR FRESHENER AND FACE WASH FROM
EXTRACTED ESSENTIAL OIL OF ORANGE PEELS
DEBJIT PARUI
6TH SEMESTER,U.G
B.SC (H) IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
ROLL NO - 21008216022
REG NO -162102410012
INSTITUTE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
GUIDED BY : Dr.Sumita Mondal
2. CONTENTS
BASICS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
BENEFITS OF ORANGE OIL
DESCRIPTION MANDARIN ORANGE
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ORANGE OIL
AIM OF THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVES
OIL EXTRACTION FROM RAW ORANGE PEEL
OIL EXTRACTION FROM DRY ORANGE PEEL
CONFIRMATION TEST FOR LIMONENE
1.IODINE TEST , 2. PH TEST
ORANGE AIR-FRESHENERS
1.BENEFITS OF ORANGE AIR FRESHENERS
2.PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR FRESHNER
3.INGREDIENTS
ORANGE FACE-WASH
1. BENEFITS OF ORANGE FACE WASH
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FACE WASH
3.INGREDIENTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. BASICS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
Essential oils are fatty liquids that
contain esters and other aromatic
compounds that make up the special
scent of a plant. The most prolific
essential oils you see in stores, such
as those extracted from citrus fruits
like lemons and oranges, are usually
abundant in the plant as well.
Oranges, for example, have relatively
high amounts of essential oil when
compared to noncitrus fruits, which
makes them one of the easier fruits1
6. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ORANGE OIL
The main chemical constituents of orange oil are: limonene,
monoterpene hydrocarbons (β- myrcene and α-pinene),
alcohols (citronellol, geraniol, and linalool), and aldehydes
(neral).
LIMONENE is believed to exhibit the following activity:
Anti-oxidant, Stimulant ,Digestive Detoxicant ,Appetite
suppressant etc.
β-MYRCENE is believed to exhibit the following activity:
Anti-inflammatory,Analgesic,Anti-biotic,Sedative etc.
α-PINENE is believed to exhibit the following activity:
Anti-inflammatory ,Anti-septic ,Expectorant etc.
4
7. CITRONELLOL is believed to exhibit the following
activity:
Anti-fungl ,sedative ,anti-viral ,anti-microbial ,anti-
spasmodic etc.
GERANIOL is believed to exhibit the following
activity:
Anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-septic,analgesic etc.
LINALOOL is believed to exhibit the following
activity:
Sedative ,Anti-depressant,Anti-inflammatory ,Anti-
anxiety,Anti-epileptic ,Analgesic
NERAL is believed to exhibit the following activity:
Apoptotic, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory etc.
5
8. AIM OF THE PROJECT
EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
FROM ORANGE PEEL
PRODUCTION OF ORANGE AIR
FRESHENER AND ORANGE FACE WASH
FROM THE EXTRACTED ORANGE
ESSENTIAL OIL
6
9. OBJECTIVES
• Walking in a steps of a research based
study to sharpen the instincts and
experience levels one should have in
the art of innovation and the lab
environment.
• This work is aimed at developing an
economical and indigenous way of
producing air-freshener and face wash
using local plant materials.
• Understanding the process of air-
freshener making and essential oil
extraction.
• Comparative study of various products
made to adequately informed about
their compositions and uses.
• Applying theoretical knowledge of
performing tests to know about the
basic chemistry of the products made
(Limonene Test) 7
10. OIL EXTRACTION FROM RAW ORANGE PEEL
1.Instruments used:
The materials/instruments used
for this work were round bottom
flask, basket heater, distillation
unit, thermometer, measuring
cylinder, conical flask,
separating funnel, gas
chromatograph.
8
11. 2.Sample collection: the
orange peels
samples are
collected from the
local juice vendors.
3.Preparation of orange
peels sample :the
collected sample of
orange peels is
cleaned and pith is
manually separated
from the outer
coloured part of the
peels. That is
because of the
reason that the
majority of the oil in
oil sac present in
them. This is then9
12. 4.Extraction of oil by steam distillation:
The distillation set up is arranged as
shown in.It consists of distillation
flask, basket heater, horizontal
condenser and a conical flask. 100g
of pre-treated orange peels sample
is taken in a distillation flask. To that
200ml of water is added. Heat is
supplied to the distillation unit by
temperature controlled basket
heater.
10
13. At the initial stage, experiment is carried out
at a temperature of 880C for 60 min. Time
period. The distillate is collected in a conical
flask. This distillate has two layers, one dense
layer and other less dense layer. This is then
separated using a separating funnel. The less
dense upper layer is the citrus oil.
The experiments are continued keeping
distillation time and solid to solvent ratio
constant varying the temperature of
distillation at an interval of 20c from 88c to
98c.
In the final phase, experiments are carried out
keeping distillation time and temperature
constant by varying the solid to solvent ratio
from 100g/160ml to 100g/240ml.
11
15. OIL EXTRACTION FROM DRY ORANGE PEEL
1.Assemble your materials : in order to
extract orange oil in a jar, you will need
a mason jar, a zester and some grain
alcohol. Because it is largely tasteless,
vodka works best for creating orange
oil. It will not dilute or overwhelm the
orange scent in the finished oil.
2.Remove the orange peels: the essential oil
in oranges, limonene, is largely found
in the peel. Because of this, you will
want to remove the peels from oranges
before making your oil.You can either
cut the peel from the orange with a13
16. • For best results,
avoid cutting off any
of the pith. This part
of the orange has
very little limonene
and will make your
mixture bitter.
• If you do not have a
zester, you can also
use a microplane, a
vegetable peeler, or
a paring knife.
• The amount of
oranges used can
vary. It depends on
how many oranges
you have or how
much essential oil
14
17. 3.Dry the peels: once you
have removed the peels,
you will need to let them
dry. Place them on a
paper towel and leave
them in direct sunlight
until they are completely
dry. Depending on the
humidity in your area,
this can take a couple of
days. To accelerate the
process, try chopping
the orange peels into
small pieces (2.5 cm).
4.Grind the peels: after the
peels have dried, place
them in a food
processor. Grind them
until they are a coarse
consistency. Avoid over
drying your peels. This15
18. 5.Warm the grain alcohol:
fill a bowl with warm
tap water. It should
be warm but not
overly hot (around 90
degrees fahrenheit or
32 degrees celsius).
Place the bottle of
grain alcohol in the
warm water and let it
soak for about 20
minutes.
6.Cover the peels with
warm grain alcohol and
give them a shake: place
the zested or ground
orange peel in a
mason jar. Pour in
enough alcohol to
completely cover the
orange peels. Once
you have covered the
grinds, secure the lid16
19. 7.Let the mixture sit for one
week: during that time,
you may also want to
shake the mixture two or
three times a day. You
may also consider letting
sit longer than a few
days. The more you shake
it and the longer you let it
sit, the more oil you will
get from your mixture.
8.Strain the mixture: using a
coffee filter or a cheese
cloth, strain the mixture
into a shallow dish. Be
sure to squeeze all of the
liquid into the bowl.
9.Allow the alcohol to
evaporate: cover the bowl
with a cloth or paper
towel and let it sit for a
few days. This will allow
the remaining alcohol in
the mixture to evaporate.
Once the alcohol has
17
20. CONFIRMATION TEST FOR LIMONENE
1.Iodine test :
Iodine test was the
characterization test
for the presence of any
unsaturated compound
in a test sample. On
addition of iodine, the
colorless orange oil
sample extracted by
ISD turned into brown
color. The presence of
limonene and other
aromatic compounds in
the sample was
confirmed. The brown
color is due to the
reaction of iodine with
limonene and other
unsaturated
Oil Of Dry
Orange
Peel
Oil Of
Raw
Orange
Peel
18
21. 2.PH TEST :
The oil samples after distillation of
the pre-heated peels were collected
and subjected for ph analysis using a
ph meter. The ph value of C. Sinensis
and C. Reticulate was found to be
4.67 and4.98 respectively, which are
very much acidic in nature.
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22. BENEFITS OF ORANGE AIR FRESHENERS BY AFFECTING
MOOD !!
• Smells, whether natural or not, affect
our brain and body chemistry. When
something is inhaled, the molecules
enter into the amygdala, a part of the
brain that controls emotion. Since
these molecules have direct access to
the brain, it’s important to watch
what is inhaled.
• Artificial fragrances may smell nice,
but they can cause damage. The
national resource defense council
tested fourteen air fresheners and
found that most contained chemicals
known to cause hormone imbalance,
birth defects, or reproductive harm.
• Inhaling essential oils, on the other
hand, can affect the mind and mood
in a positive way. Essential oils like
lavender and vetiver are calming,
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23. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE : LIQUID
• ODOUR: CITRUS
• ODOUR THRESHOLD: NOT APPLICABLE
• COLOUR: ORANGE
• PH: 6
• MELTING POINT/FREEZING POINT: -117°C
• INITIAL BOILING POINT AND BOILING RANGE:
78°C
• EVAPORATION RATE: NOT APPLICABLE
• FLAMMABILITY: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE
• VAPOUR PRESSURE: NOT APPLICABLE
• VAPOUR DENSITY: NOT APPLICABLE
• RELATIVE DENSITY (WATER = 1): 0.80-0.90
• SOLUBILITY: IMMISCIBLE IN WATER21
24. CITRUS AIR FRESHENER
This blend contains uplifting
orange and lemon essential oils.
Sweet orange essential oil not only
uplifts the mood but also has
potent anti-fungal properties.
Citrus has both antibacterial and
antiviral properties. Citrus further
affects the mood by increasing
alertness and soothing angry
feelings.
Ingredients
Extracted Orange
Oil from dry orange
peel
85% ethyl alcohol
Extracted Orange
Oil Hydrosol(which
was collected at
round bottom flask)
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25. BENEFITS OF ORANGE FACE WASH
• Natural oils in oranges help to
moisturise skin, providing softer
healthier looking skin for longer.
• Antioxidants found in oranges fight free
radicals which may slow down the
production of wrinkles, and stop
premature aging.
• Oranges have a high content of citric
acid which aids in skin exfoliation and
helps to dry out acne, improving the
overall look of your skin.
• Orange peel has a higher content of
vitamin c than the orange itself, so
grind orange peel and use as a body
scrub in your daily beauty regime for a
healthy looking glow.
• Vitamin c helps the body to form
collagen and elastin which will keep
your skin looking younger and more
supple.
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26. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• PHYSICAL STATE : LIQUID
• APPEARANCE :LIQUID.
• COLOR :LIGHT ORANGE.
• ODOR : CITRUS.
• ODOR THRESHOLD : NO DATA AVAILABLE
• PH : 5
• RELATIVE EVAPORATION RATE (BUTYL
ACETATE=1) : NO DATA AVAILABLE
• MELTING POINT : 110 - 125 °C
• FREEZING POINT : NO DATA AVAILABLE
• BOILING POINT : > 100 °C
• FLASH POINT : NONE
24
27. CITRUS FACE WASH
It’s a herbal formulation face wash that
keeps your skin refreshed and clean all
day long. This face wash tightens the
skin pores and keeps your skin hydrated
all day long. Get supple and youthful skin
with herbal formula extracts and orange
essential oil.
INGREDIENTS:
Extracted
Orange Oil
hydrosol(30%
).
Honey(10%).
Glycerol(35%)
Liquid Soap
Base(25%)
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28. CONCLUSION
After completing this project, an eco-
friendly air-freshener were produced
from easily available materials.
D-limonene, which comprises over 90
percent of orange peel oil, is a
monoterpene that has strong chemo-
preventive activity as it’s been shown
to reduce tumor growth in many
animal studies. Research suggests that
monoterpenes block mammary, skin,
liver, lung, pancreas and stomach
cancers. The ability to fight
carcinogenesis is likely due to the
induction of phase II carcinogen-
metabolizing enzymes, resulting in
carcinogen detoxification.
Monoterpenes also help induce
apoptosis and growth-regulating
proteins. 26
29. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY
HEARTIEST GRATITUDE TO
OUR PRINCIPAL SIR DR. AMIT
CHAKRABORTY & VICE
PRINCIPAL MADAM DR. SUDIPA
CHAKRABORTY AND ALSO MY
RESPECTED MENTOR MADAM
DR. SUMITA MANDOL & OTHER
FACULTIES OF OUR COLLEGE.
WITHOUT THEIR HELP IT
WOULD’NT HAVE BEEN
POSSIBLE TO COMPLETE THIS
TASK!
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