This document discusses the use of antibiotics in pediatric dentistry. It begins with an introduction to antibiotics and their history. It then covers fundamental concepts of antibiotic therapy including choosing antibiotics based on the pathogen and host. Common antibiotics used in pediatric dentistry are discussed, including amoxicillin, cephalosporins, metronidazole, and combinations. Dosages for various pediatric age groups are provided. The document stresses the importance of proper antibiotic selection and usage to minimize resistance and maximize efficacy in pediatric patients.
The document discusses patterns of bone loss and destruction in periodontal disease. It states that while periodontitis is caused by bacterial plaque, bone loss is what leads to tooth loss. The most common type of bone loss is horizontal loss where bone height is reduced but the bone margin remains perpendicular to the tooth. Other patterns include intrabony (angular) defects, osseous craters in the interdental bone, bulbous bone contours, reversed architecture where facial/lingual plates are lost before root bone, and furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. Trauma from occlusion can also cause bone loss, especially when combined with inflammation.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases have been a debatable topic since over a century, yet the debate is still ongoing. Various epidemiological and interventional studies have been carried out to prove its biologic plausibility. This ppt compiles the main systemic diseases that have consistently shown to have an impact because of periodontal infection.
Drugs & Aids with specific applications in dentalKarun Kumar
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about drugs & aids with specific applications in dental disorders. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
This document discusses the use of antibiotics in pediatric dentistry. It begins with an introduction to antibiotics and their history. It then covers fundamental concepts of antibiotic therapy including choosing antibiotics based on the pathogen and host. Common antibiotics used in pediatric dentistry are discussed, including amoxicillin, cephalosporins, metronidazole, and combinations. Dosages for various pediatric age groups are provided. The document stresses the importance of proper antibiotic selection and usage to minimize resistance and maximize efficacy in pediatric patients.
The document discusses patterns of bone loss and destruction in periodontal disease. It states that while periodontitis is caused by bacterial plaque, bone loss is what leads to tooth loss. The most common type of bone loss is horizontal loss where bone height is reduced but the bone margin remains perpendicular to the tooth. Other patterns include intrabony (angular) defects, osseous craters in the interdental bone, bulbous bone contours, reversed architecture where facial/lingual plates are lost before root bone, and furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. Trauma from occlusion can also cause bone loss, especially when combined with inflammation.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases have been a debatable topic since over a century, yet the debate is still ongoing. Various epidemiological and interventional studies have been carried out to prove its biologic plausibility. This ppt compiles the main systemic diseases that have consistently shown to have an impact because of periodontal infection.
Drugs & Aids with specific applications in dentalKarun Kumar
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about drugs & aids with specific applications in dental disorders. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
Social and Prevention Pharmacy BP802T Unit -2 MCQs question paper Preventive...AVPGyanPharmacy
1. The document contains 20 multiple choice questions related to infectious diseases such as cholera, SARS, Ebola, cancer risk factors, substance abuse, lymphatic filariasis, coronaviruses, chikungunya, and malaria.
2. The questions cover topics like the causative agents of various diseases, their transmission modes, clinical manifestations, standard treatment protocols, risk factors, and the life cycles of infectious organisms.
3. The correct answer options for each question are also provided, making this a quiz/test on important concepts in microbiology, virology and preventive medicine.
1. Periodontal diseases are caused by complex biofilms containing multiple bacterial species that interact with host tissues. A key group is the "red complex" comprising Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tanerella forsythia.
2. These bacteria employ various virulence factors to adhere to surfaces, acquire nutrients, and evade the host immune response in order to colonize and cause disease. Important factors include fimbriae, proteases, and capsules that aid adhesion and facilitate tissue destruction.
3. P. gingivalis possesses specific fimbriae, proteases, and a capsule that help it adhere, acquire iron through hemol
Beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Penicillin was the first modern antibiotic discovered in 1928. It kills bacteria by binding to enzymes that cross-link peptidoglycan, preventing cell wall formation. Cephalosporins were later discovered and also contain a beta-lactam ring. Their substitutions impact stability and antimicrobial spectrum. Beta-lactamase inhibitors prevent bacterial resistance by inhibiting enzymes that break the beta-lactam ring.
infection control in conservative dentistry and endodontics.pptxDentalYoutube
Infection control in dentistry is important to prevent transmission between patients and dental health care workers. Proper procedures include standard precautions like hand hygiene, protective barriers, and sterilization of instruments. Airborne pathogens can spread through aerosols from handpieces, so high-volume evacuation and masks are used. Exposure risks include contamination of surfaces and cross-infection, so aseptic protocols are followed. Immunization of dental workers against diseases like hepatitis B and influenza helps control infections. High-risk patients require additional precautions with barriers and care of instruments.
Hello guys,
Welcome to my profile.
Hospital training report-II
Yh hospital report B.Pharm ke 7th semester me bnayi jati hi, jo bhi aap training me sikhte ho wahi sb is reporte me mention krna hota hai.
#bpharmacy
#careerinpharmacyfield
#bpharmanotes
#bpharmacynotes
#careerinpharmacy
#bpharmacy
#bpharm
#careerinpharma
#bpharmacylectures
#handwrittennotes
#pharmalectures
#akkuvibes
This document summarizes a study comparing the efficacy of pentoxifylline to placebo in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). OSF is a premalignant condition characterized by fibrosis of the oral cavity and restricted mouth opening. The study included 62 patients with OSF who were randomly assigned to receive either pentoxifylline or a placebo for 7 months. Outcomes including symptoms, mouth opening, and fibrosis were assessed. The results showed greater improvement in symptoms and signs for the pentoxifylline group compared to the placebo group, with few side effects reported. The study concluded that pentoxifylline may be an effective treatment for OSF.
INFLUENCE OFSYSTEMIC CONDITIONS ON PERIODONTIUM- DIABETES AND STRESSArthiie Thangavelu
This document discusses the influence of systemic conditions like diabetes mellitus and stress on the periodontium. It provides details on the two main types of diabetes, their oral and periodontal manifestations. High blood glucose levels in diabetes can impair wound healing and immune response in the periodontium. Chronic stress may indirectly increase periodontal disease risk through behaviors like poor oral hygiene or directly via immunosuppression and increased tissue destruction. Managing medical conditions, identifying stress sources, and treating stress and harmful habits are important for periodontal health.
Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that contain a macrocyclic lactone ring structure. They act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Common macrolides include erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin, which are used to treat various bacterial infections. They are generally bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal at higher concentrations.
Medication adherence is defined as a patient conforming to a healthcare provider's recommendations regarding timing, dosage, and frequency of medication. It involves filling prescriptions and refilling on time. Non-adherence can be caused by patient factors like forgetfulness or cost barriers, physician factors like complex regimens, and health system factors like fragmented care. Pharmacists can improve adherence through education on medication purpose, usage, and side effects. Adherence is especially important for chronic conditions and can be monitored through patient assessments.
A prescription is a written order from a licensed medical practitioner to a pharmacist with instructions for dispensing medication. It includes the patient's information, the name and quantity of the medication, dosing instructions, and the prescriber's details. When handling a prescription, the pharmacist must verify its legality, readability, and completeness before collecting ingredients, compounding the medication, applying labels, and packaging it for the patient. Common sources of errors include abbreviations, similar drug names, missing or unclear dosage, strength, form, instructions, or incompatibilities. The pharmacist aims to accurately fulfill the prescription and counsel the patient to ensure safe use of the medication.
The document discusses the history and use of herbal medicines in dentistry. It describes how herbalism has been used medicinally for thousands of years but saw reduced use with the rise of modern pharmaceuticals. Several herbs commonly used in dentistry are mentioned, including neem, aloe vera, echinacea, and licorice root, which have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for conditions like gingivitis and mouth sores. The document also notes some herb-drug interactions can cause bleeding risks and other issues, so herbal remedies should be used appropriately and sometimes combined with conventional treatments.
This document discusses the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of orofacial infections with an emphasis on antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis. It outlines how to assess infections through medical history, exam, and identifying signs of infection. Most oral infections involve both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Commonly used antibiotics include penicillin, cephalosporins, metronidazole, and clindamycin. Antibiotics should be used as an adjunct to drainage and are indicated for severe infections, inadequate drainage, or compromised hosts. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for high-risk dental procedures in certain patients.
The document discusses the relationship between nutrition and periodontal disease. It covers several topics:
1) Nutrition can directly and indirectly impact the plaque biofilm by providing nutrients for bacterial growth and metabolism, and by influencing the production of bacterial byproducts.
2) Nutritional status interacts with the immune response, which is critical for managing the bacterial challenge of periodontal disease. Deficiencies of proteins, vitamins, and minerals can impair immune function.
3) Specific deficiencies, such as in protein, vitamins C and D, zinc, and iron have been linked to increased risk and severity of periodontal disease by negatively impacting the immune response. Maintaining adequate nutritional status is important for periodontal and overall health.
This document provides an overview of local drug delivery (LDD) agents for the treatment of periodontal disease. It discusses the drawbacks of systemic therapies and advantages of LDD systems in achieving higher drug concentrations directly in the periodontal pockets. Various antimicrobial agents delivered locally via fibers, chips, gels and other vehicles are summarized, including tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, chlorhexidine, metronidazole and their efficacy. The importance of adequate drug-microbial contact time and biodegradability of different systems is also highlighted. In conclusion, LDD provides an effective adjunct to mechanical debridement, especially for refractory cases and sites difficult to access.
The document discusses penicillins and cephalosporins, which are classes of beta-lactam antibiotics. It describes their discovery and mechanisms of action, inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It categorizes different generations and types of penicillins and cephalosporins based on their spectra of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It also addresses bacterial resistance, proper use, side effects, and alternatives like macrolides when patients exhibit penicillin allergies.
The document discusses the role of pharmacists in improving patient compliance. It defines compliance as obeying rules or requests from authority figures. Pharmacists undergo education to understand drug mechanisms and ensure safe medication use. Several factors can influence patient compliance, including education, beliefs, cost and side effects. Pharmacists can identify risks, educate patients, develop treatment plans and monitor therapy to improve compliance. Building trust and understanding patient needs through dialogue are key to strengthening pharmacist-patient relationships.
This document discusses different types of periodontal dressings used after periodontal surgery. It describes three main categories of periodontal dressings: 1) those containing zinc oxide and eugenol, 2) those containing zinc oxide without eugenol, and 3) those containing neither zinc oxide nor eugenol. It provides details on commonly used dressings such as Coe-Pak, Peripac, and Periogenix which are noneugenol formulations. The advantages of noneugenol dressings over eugenol dressings are also summarized.
Treatment of oral submucous fibrosis can be done by using various natural remedies and plant extracts. The article describes some of these therapies for the treatment of OSMF
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and mat...robinsonayot
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough (1).pdf
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough (1).pdf
Pharmacology An Introduction 6th Edition Hitner Test BankMichaelMichaelss
Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/pharmacology-an-introduction-6th-edition-hitner-test-bank/ Pharmacology An Introduction 6th Edition Hitner Test Bank
The document provides information about various laws and regulations related to pharmacy practice including the 1906 Food and Drug Act, 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. It also lists medications and classifies them in schedules C-I through C-IV based on their abuse potential and medical use. Multiple choice questions assess knowledge of medication names, uses, storage conditions and other pharmacy topics.
Social and Prevention Pharmacy BP802T Unit -2 MCQs question paper Preventive...AVPGyanPharmacy
1. The document contains 20 multiple choice questions related to infectious diseases such as cholera, SARS, Ebola, cancer risk factors, substance abuse, lymphatic filariasis, coronaviruses, chikungunya, and malaria.
2. The questions cover topics like the causative agents of various diseases, their transmission modes, clinical manifestations, standard treatment protocols, risk factors, and the life cycles of infectious organisms.
3. The correct answer options for each question are also provided, making this a quiz/test on important concepts in microbiology, virology and preventive medicine.
1. Periodontal diseases are caused by complex biofilms containing multiple bacterial species that interact with host tissues. A key group is the "red complex" comprising Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tanerella forsythia.
2. These bacteria employ various virulence factors to adhere to surfaces, acquire nutrients, and evade the host immune response in order to colonize and cause disease. Important factors include fimbriae, proteases, and capsules that aid adhesion and facilitate tissue destruction.
3. P. gingivalis possesses specific fimbriae, proteases, and a capsule that help it adhere, acquire iron through hemol
Beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Penicillin was the first modern antibiotic discovered in 1928. It kills bacteria by binding to enzymes that cross-link peptidoglycan, preventing cell wall formation. Cephalosporins were later discovered and also contain a beta-lactam ring. Their substitutions impact stability and antimicrobial spectrum. Beta-lactamase inhibitors prevent bacterial resistance by inhibiting enzymes that break the beta-lactam ring.
infection control in conservative dentistry and endodontics.pptxDentalYoutube
Infection control in dentistry is important to prevent transmission between patients and dental health care workers. Proper procedures include standard precautions like hand hygiene, protective barriers, and sterilization of instruments. Airborne pathogens can spread through aerosols from handpieces, so high-volume evacuation and masks are used. Exposure risks include contamination of surfaces and cross-infection, so aseptic protocols are followed. Immunization of dental workers against diseases like hepatitis B and influenza helps control infections. High-risk patients require additional precautions with barriers and care of instruments.
Hello guys,
Welcome to my profile.
Hospital training report-II
Yh hospital report B.Pharm ke 7th semester me bnayi jati hi, jo bhi aap training me sikhte ho wahi sb is reporte me mention krna hota hai.
#bpharmacy
#careerinpharmacyfield
#bpharmanotes
#bpharmacynotes
#careerinpharmacy
#bpharmacy
#bpharm
#careerinpharma
#bpharmacylectures
#handwrittennotes
#pharmalectures
#akkuvibes
This document summarizes a study comparing the efficacy of pentoxifylline to placebo in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). OSF is a premalignant condition characterized by fibrosis of the oral cavity and restricted mouth opening. The study included 62 patients with OSF who were randomly assigned to receive either pentoxifylline or a placebo for 7 months. Outcomes including symptoms, mouth opening, and fibrosis were assessed. The results showed greater improvement in symptoms and signs for the pentoxifylline group compared to the placebo group, with few side effects reported. The study concluded that pentoxifylline may be an effective treatment for OSF.
INFLUENCE OFSYSTEMIC CONDITIONS ON PERIODONTIUM- DIABETES AND STRESSArthiie Thangavelu
This document discusses the influence of systemic conditions like diabetes mellitus and stress on the periodontium. It provides details on the two main types of diabetes, their oral and periodontal manifestations. High blood glucose levels in diabetes can impair wound healing and immune response in the periodontium. Chronic stress may indirectly increase periodontal disease risk through behaviors like poor oral hygiene or directly via immunosuppression and increased tissue destruction. Managing medical conditions, identifying stress sources, and treating stress and harmful habits are important for periodontal health.
Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that contain a macrocyclic lactone ring structure. They act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Common macrolides include erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin, which are used to treat various bacterial infections. They are generally bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal at higher concentrations.
Medication adherence is defined as a patient conforming to a healthcare provider's recommendations regarding timing, dosage, and frequency of medication. It involves filling prescriptions and refilling on time. Non-adherence can be caused by patient factors like forgetfulness or cost barriers, physician factors like complex regimens, and health system factors like fragmented care. Pharmacists can improve adherence through education on medication purpose, usage, and side effects. Adherence is especially important for chronic conditions and can be monitored through patient assessments.
A prescription is a written order from a licensed medical practitioner to a pharmacist with instructions for dispensing medication. It includes the patient's information, the name and quantity of the medication, dosing instructions, and the prescriber's details. When handling a prescription, the pharmacist must verify its legality, readability, and completeness before collecting ingredients, compounding the medication, applying labels, and packaging it for the patient. Common sources of errors include abbreviations, similar drug names, missing or unclear dosage, strength, form, instructions, or incompatibilities. The pharmacist aims to accurately fulfill the prescription and counsel the patient to ensure safe use of the medication.
The document discusses the history and use of herbal medicines in dentistry. It describes how herbalism has been used medicinally for thousands of years but saw reduced use with the rise of modern pharmaceuticals. Several herbs commonly used in dentistry are mentioned, including neem, aloe vera, echinacea, and licorice root, which have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for conditions like gingivitis and mouth sores. The document also notes some herb-drug interactions can cause bleeding risks and other issues, so herbal remedies should be used appropriately and sometimes combined with conventional treatments.
This document discusses the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of orofacial infections with an emphasis on antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis. It outlines how to assess infections through medical history, exam, and identifying signs of infection. Most oral infections involve both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Commonly used antibiotics include penicillin, cephalosporins, metronidazole, and clindamycin. Antibiotics should be used as an adjunct to drainage and are indicated for severe infections, inadequate drainage, or compromised hosts. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for high-risk dental procedures in certain patients.
The document discusses the relationship between nutrition and periodontal disease. It covers several topics:
1) Nutrition can directly and indirectly impact the plaque biofilm by providing nutrients for bacterial growth and metabolism, and by influencing the production of bacterial byproducts.
2) Nutritional status interacts with the immune response, which is critical for managing the bacterial challenge of periodontal disease. Deficiencies of proteins, vitamins, and minerals can impair immune function.
3) Specific deficiencies, such as in protein, vitamins C and D, zinc, and iron have been linked to increased risk and severity of periodontal disease by negatively impacting the immune response. Maintaining adequate nutritional status is important for periodontal and overall health.
This document provides an overview of local drug delivery (LDD) agents for the treatment of periodontal disease. It discusses the drawbacks of systemic therapies and advantages of LDD systems in achieving higher drug concentrations directly in the periodontal pockets. Various antimicrobial agents delivered locally via fibers, chips, gels and other vehicles are summarized, including tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, chlorhexidine, metronidazole and their efficacy. The importance of adequate drug-microbial contact time and biodegradability of different systems is also highlighted. In conclusion, LDD provides an effective adjunct to mechanical debridement, especially for refractory cases and sites difficult to access.
The document discusses penicillins and cephalosporins, which are classes of beta-lactam antibiotics. It describes their discovery and mechanisms of action, inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It categorizes different generations and types of penicillins and cephalosporins based on their spectra of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It also addresses bacterial resistance, proper use, side effects, and alternatives like macrolides when patients exhibit penicillin allergies.
The document discusses the role of pharmacists in improving patient compliance. It defines compliance as obeying rules or requests from authority figures. Pharmacists undergo education to understand drug mechanisms and ensure safe medication use. Several factors can influence patient compliance, including education, beliefs, cost and side effects. Pharmacists can identify risks, educate patients, develop treatment plans and monitor therapy to improve compliance. Building trust and understanding patient needs through dialogue are key to strengthening pharmacist-patient relationships.
This document discusses different types of periodontal dressings used after periodontal surgery. It describes three main categories of periodontal dressings: 1) those containing zinc oxide and eugenol, 2) those containing zinc oxide without eugenol, and 3) those containing neither zinc oxide nor eugenol. It provides details on commonly used dressings such as Coe-Pak, Peripac, and Periogenix which are noneugenol formulations. The advantages of noneugenol dressings over eugenol dressings are also summarized.
Treatment of oral submucous fibrosis can be done by using various natural remedies and plant extracts. The article describes some of these therapies for the treatment of OSMF
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and mat...robinsonayot
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough (1).pdf
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough (1).pdf
Pharmacology An Introduction 6th Edition Hitner Test BankMichaelMichaelss
Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/pharmacology-an-introduction-6th-edition-hitner-test-bank/ Pharmacology An Introduction 6th Edition Hitner Test Bank
The document provides information about various laws and regulations related to pharmacy practice including the 1906 Food and Drug Act, 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. It also lists medications and classifies them in schedules C-I through C-IV based on their abuse potential and medical use. Multiple choice questions assess knowledge of medication names, uses, storage conditions and other pharmacy topics.
Chapter 3_Prescription and prescription handling.pptxVinayGaikwad14
Definition, parts of prescriptions, legality of prescriptions, prescription handling, labeling of
dispensed medications (Main label, ancillary label, pictograms), brief instructions on medication
usage, Dispensing process, Good Dispensing Practices, dispensing errors and strategies to minimize
them.
Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals 4th Edition Turley Test BankEmilyVaughanss
Full download : https://alibabadownload.com/product/understanding-pharmacology-for-health-professionals-4th-edition-turley-test-bank/ Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals 4th Edition Turley Test Bank , Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals,Turley,4th Edition,Test Bank
This document provides guidance on proper prescription writing. It begins by noting that prescription writing is often not well covered in medical school, which can contribute to medication errors. The document then outlines the 11 required elements of a prescription, including patient information, drug name and strength, dosage instructions, refill information, and prescriber signature. Dangerous abbreviations are also identified. The document provides examples of correctly written prescriptions for both oral and liquid medications. Overall, the goal is to promote best practices in prescription writing to reduce medication errors.
The document is a certificate stating that a student named Mr/Miss [name] with registration number [number] of the second year Diploma in Pharmacy program at Shri Sangameshwar College of Pharmacy has satisfactorily completed the required term work in Community Pharmacy & Management for the academic years [year] to [year] as prescribed in the curriculum. It is signed by the subject teacher and principal.
The document discusses the prescription process including:
- Defining a prescription as a written order from a medical practitioner to a pharmacist for a specific medication.
- Describing the parts of a prescription including patient details, directions for the pharmacist and patient, and the prescriber's signature.
- Outlining the steps a pharmacist takes to handle a prescription including receiving, checking, calculating dosage, compounding, labeling, and packaging.
- Noting modern methods of prescribing often involve ready-made formulations and minimizing Latin terms.
- Emphasizing the care required in dispensing including cross-checking ingredients and directions to avoid errors.
Pharmacology Principles and Applications 3rd Edition Fulcher Test Bankhymaq
This document contains a test bank with multiple choice and matching questions about pharmacology fundamentals from Fulcher's Pharmacology: Principles and Applications 3rd Edition textbook. The questions cover topics such as medication components, sources of drugs, factors affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, major drug actions, and definitions of various pharmacology terms.
The document discusses the key components of a prescription, including the prescriber's information, date, patient details, medication prescribed, directions for use, and prescriber's signature. It describes the typical format of a prescription and explains the purpose and meaning of each section. Additionally, it covers legal requirements for valid prescriptions, common Latin terms and abbreviations used, procedures for handling prescriptions, and precautions for dispensing prescriptions accurately.
The prescription, An important topic of pharmacy, Pharmaceutics 2nd, Prescrip...RajkumarKumawat11
The document defines a prescription as a written order from a medical practitioner to a pharmacist to dispense a specific medication. It outlines the typical parts of a prescription, including the date, patient information, drug ingredients, directions, and prescriber details. Modern prescriptions often list drugs by their official name rather than proprietary names. The document also discusses best practices for pharmacists in accurately handling, compounding, and dispensing prescriptions to avoid errors from issues like abbreviations, drug names, doses, or incompatibilities.
This document provides an orientation on federal and internal licensure exams for pharmacy students in Ethiopia. It discusses the domains and format of the federal exam, including sample multiple choice questions. It also provides feedback on the internal exam components of dispensing, drug supply chain management, and regulatory services. Sample questions are included to assess understanding of good practices in areas like inventory management, dispensing, and pharmaceutical regulation.
This document provides information on prescriptions, including their definition, parts, types, sources of error, and labeling requirements. Some key points:
- A prescription is a written order from a medical practitioner instructing a pharmacist to dispense medication. It typically includes the date, patient information, medication/dosage instructions, and prescriber's signature.
- The main parts of a prescription are the inscription (medication prescribed), subscription (directions to pharmacist), and signatura (directions for patient).
- Sources of error can arise from abbreviations, similar drug names, unclear dosages, and communication failures between prescribers and pharmacists.
- Dispensed medications must be properly labeled
Practice Quiz for Napsrx1. How are drugs sorted into therapeutic.docxChantellPantoja184
Practice Quiz for Napsrx
1. How are drugs sorted into therapeutic group and classes?
A. First by the conditions that they are used to treat, and then by their mechanisms of action
B. First by their mechanisms of action, and then by their therapeutic effects
C. First by their side effects, and then by their therapeutic effects
D. First by their toxicity, and then by their effectiveness
2. What section of a drug’s package insert describes situations in which the drug should not be used because the risks outweigh the therapeutic benefits?
A. Adverse reactions
B. Contraindications
C. Overdosage
D. Warming/precautions
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the classic approach to band development strategy covered in your manual?
A. Band personality
B. Band positioning
C. Band quality
D. Band values
4. What is the name of the condition that occurs after a specific dose of a drug is given at such regular intervals that absorption and elimination (and therefore drug plasma concentration) have become fairly constant?
A. homeostasis
B. steady state
C. titration
D. tolerance
5. Which entity/entities invest/s the most money in pharmaceutical R&D?
A. Canadian pharmaceutical companies
B. The NIH
C. The U.S Government
D. U.S pharmaceutical companies
6. Over the last few decades, what has happened to legal limitations sales’ reps discussions about off label uses?
A. Limitations have decreased.
B. Limitations have increased significantly.
C. Limitations have increased slightly.
D. Limitations have remained about the same.
7. Why are novice sales representatives often placed in charge of negotiating MCO formularies?
A. to become more familiar with the healthcare industry
B. to be more familiar with their territories
C. P&T committees are more receptive to new experienced reps.
D. They are not. This job is usually reserved for more experienced reps.
8. Which of the following is an example of a central value?
A. I buy Advil to show that I’m modern consumer.
B. I like Advil because we were both born in the 80s.
C. I prefer Advil because I like the flavor.
D. I prefer Advil because it’s easier to swallow.
9. Which of the following specialties likely has the MOST emergency calls?
A. Cardiology
B. Psychiatry
C. Urology
D. All specialists have the same number of emergency calls
10. What affects the rate of active transport?
A. The availability of carriers, but not energy
B. The availability of energy, but not carriers
C. The availability of carriers and energy
D. Neither the availability of carriers nor the availability of energy
11. Over the last few decades, what has happened to the FDA approval time for new drugs?
A. It has been lengthened to ensure safer drug products.
B. It has been lengthened to limit DTC marketing.
C. It has been shortened to improve drug quality.
D. It has been shortened to reduce the cost of new drug development.
12. Which of the following would NOT help improve compliance?
A. Patients liking their providers.
Drug Infor ReferencesQuestion 1 (5 points)When deciding AlyciaGold776
Drug Infor References
Question 1 (5 points)
When deciding what question is being asked, what's the second step in evaluating the question?
Question 1 options:
A)
Deciding whether the question is clinical or nonclinical
B)
Suggesting that the patient book a consultation with an in-house skilled nurse
C)
Deciding whether to refer the patient back to the prescribing physician
D)
Rerouting the question to a senior pharmacist
Question 2 (5 points)
Which one of the following information topics is covered in DailyMed?
Question 2 options:
A)
Herbals, supplements, and alternative therapies
B)
Drug pricing
C)
Tablet and capsule identification by codes, colors, and shapes
D)
Drug administration, stability, and compatibility information
Question 3 (5 points)
What role does the pharmacy technician play in answering drug inquiries?
Question 3 options:
A)
The pharmacy technician should hand all drug inquiries over to the pharmacist.
B)
The pharmacy technician may answer nonclinical questions but must direct all clinical questions to the pharmacist.
C)
The pharmacy technician must be able to answer all drug inquiries.
D)
The pharmacy technician should consult the prescribing physician for all drug inquiries.
Question 4 (5 points)
Epocrates and Fingertip Formulary are two examples of
Question 4 options:
A)
mobile drug information applications.
B)
pharmaceutical newsmagazines.
C)
pocket-sized reference books.
D)
pharmaceutical journals.
Question 5 (5 points)
A monograph is cross-referenced by the United States and what other country's brand names?
Question 5 options:
A)
United Kingdom
B)
Australia
C)
Sweden
D)
Canadian
Question 6 (5 points)
Which set of criteria provides guidance on drug safety for geriatric patients?
Question 6 options:
A)
Beers Criteria
B)
Monograph Criteria
C)
Reference of Senior Safety Criteria
D)
FDA Criteria
Question 7 (5 points)
What can you find in the Physician's Desk Reference?
Question 7 options:
A)
Information on neonates and pediatric patient population
B)
The stability of the medication that you just prepared for a patient
C)
Information on FDA-approved standards for compounding medications
D)
Package inserts of FDA-approved drugs with detailed prescribing information
Question 8 (5 points)
What's one example of a mobile application that can safely be used to reference drug information?
Question 8 options:
A)
Public pharmacy forums
B)
The CDC website
C)
Pocket Guide to Prescription Drugs
D)
MobilePDR
Question 9 (5 points)
What's the most important purpose of continuing education for pharmacy staff?
Question 9 options:
A)
To meet fellow pharmacy employees and form a discussion about the field
B)
To continue to learn about their field and remain up-to-date on medical advances
C)
To learn how to better serve customers and patients
D)
To meet with manufacturer representatives and discuss upcom ...
The document defines a prescription as a written order from a medical practitioner to a pharmacist for medications to treat a patient's condition. A prescription contains information like the prescriber's details, patient details, medication, dosage, and instructions. It discusses the parts of a prescription like date, patient information, medication prescribed, directions to the pharmacist and patient. The document also outlines how pharmacists should handle prescriptions by checking validity, collecting ingredients, compounding accurately, and labeling properly. It notes legal requirements for a valid prescription and how pharmacists identify potential drug interactions using screening tools, records, resources and clinical judgment.
This document provides information about prescriptions, including:
1. Definitions of key terms like "prescription" and an overview of the parts of a prescription such as the date, patient information, directions for use, and prescriber signature.
2. Descriptions of different types of prescriptions and methods of prescribing, both traditional compounding by pharmacists and modern dispensing of pre-made medications.
3. Details on properly receiving, reading, and handling prescriptions, including checking for errors and collecting ingredients accurately. Calculations for dispensing are also covered.
A medical prescription has seven main components: inscription, superscription, prescription, subscription, signature, name of physician, and name of patient. It provides instructions for preparing and dispensing medication to a specific patient. Prescriptions can be compounded, requiring mixing of ingredients, or noncompounded, using premade formulations. Prescriptions use abbreviations and measure drugs in metric units like grams and milliliters. Pharmacopeias are books that provide quality standards for drugs.
Cdc get smart week resident presentation 2014katejohnpunag
This document discusses antibiotic overuse and resistance. It notes that overuse of antibiotics can lead to adverse drug events, antibiotic resistance, and Clostridium difficile infections. It summarizes the 2013 CDC Threat Report on antibiotic resistance and lists several "superbugs" as major threats. The document advocates for antibiotic stewardship programs and lists seven ways healthcare providers can improve antibiotic prescribing practices to help address the growing crisis of antibiotic resistance.
Similar to Oral Pharmacology For The Dental Hygienist 2th Edition Weinberg Test Bank (20)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
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Chapter 2
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
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4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Oral Pharmacology For The Dental Hygienist 2th Edition Weinberg Test Bank
1. Test Bank
CHAPTER 1
Multiple Choice: Select the appropriate answer(s):
1. From the following list, select the items which are associated with the development of drugs.
a. flowers
b. water
c. glass
d. plants
e. genes
2. From the following list, select the items which are associated with drug names.
a. brand
b. generic
c. trade
d. chemical
3. In which of the following pregnancy categories is systemic tetracycline classified?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. X
4. Which of the following terms is defined as “an effect that is noxious and unintended, and that
occurs at doses used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy”?
a. toxic reaction
b. adverse drug reaction
c. adverse drug event
d. idiosyncratic reaction
5. Which of the following adverse effects is evident with antihistamines?
a. diarrhea
b. xerostomia
c. sedation
c. increased salivation
d. increased urination
6. Acetaminophen is a:
a. generic name
b. chemical name
c. trade name
d. brand name
7. Which of the following is an undesirable effect produced by a drug that has a predicatable
response and is dose related?
a. therapeutic effect
b. adverse effect
c. teratogenic effect
d. idiosyncratic reaction
8. Any type of adverse drug reaction should be reported to the
a. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
c. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
d. Department of Human Resources.
Oral Pharmacology For The Dental Hygienist 2th Edition Weinberg Test Bank
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2. 9. Prescription drugs are controlled by the
a. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
b. Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
c. drug manufacturers.
d. local government.
10. Which of the following are goals of prescription writing?
a. To give an order for medications to be dispensed to the patient.
b. To communicate with the pharmacist to minimize errors in dispensing.
c. To comply with any rules governing prescribing that could affect the patient’s ability to
obtain the drug.
d. To have written logs for the number of prescriptions written in the United States.
11. Which of the following is (are) found in the body of a prescription?
a. date
b. telephone number of prescriber
c. address of prescriber
d. name of drug
e. dosage of the drug
12. From the list, select the items which are found in the heading of a prescription?
a. dosage of drug
b. age of the patient
c. name of drug
d Rx symbol
e. patient’s name
13. From the list, select the items which are found in the closing of a prescription.
a. date the prescription was written
b. number of allowable refills
c. directions to label the container
d. age of patient
e. name of patient
14. Which of the following terms is used to indicate that medical studies have shown that the drug
causes a significant risk of serious or even life-threatening adverse effects?
a. package insert
b. black box warning
c. DEA number
d. indications
15. From the following list, select the items associated with the metric system.
a. liter
b. gram
c. grain
d. scruple
e. milligram
f. drams
g. minim
16. Which of the following units is a measure in the apothecary system?
a. liter
b. grain
c. milligram
d. kilogram
17. From the following list, select the items associated with allowing for substitutions on a
prescription.
a. generic drugs are better than brand name drugs.
b. generic drugs are cheaper for the patient.
3. c. generic drugs are cheaper for the insurance company
d. generic drugs are more expensive.
e. generic drugs have less strength.
18. From the following list, select the items associated with how many times can a prescription for a
schedule III drug be refilled.
a. twice
b. three
c. four
d. five
e. six
f. eight
g. ten
19. From the following list, select the items associated with ways to avoid medication errors.
a. write clearly on the prescription.
b. call the pharmacist after writing the prescription.
c. make a copy of the prescription.
d. talk to the patient about the medication he or she will be taking.
e. write in ink.
f. avoid abbreviations.
20. The abbreviation “ac” means
a. before meals.
b. after meals.
c. at bedtime.
d. take with food.
21. Which part of the prescription is the signature of the prescriber?
a. heading
b. middle
c. body
d. closing
22. Which of the following ways may help reduce prescription errors?
a. Prescriptions should be written in pencil.
b. Electronic prescribing.
c. Prescriber should always use prescriptions with the drug name preprinted.
d. Telephone all prescriptions to the pharmacist.
23. According to the prescription, how many capsules are being prescribed?
License: 0111111
DEA # AW123445555
John David, DDS
1111 Main Street
New York , NY 11111
(212) 111-1234
Name Mary Smith Age ____56___
Address 1234 South St, NY Date 7/1/06
Amoxicillin 500 mg
Disp: # _____ caps.
Sig: Take two caps stat, followed by one cap tid for 7 days until finished for dental infection
____________________________
This prescription will be filled generically unless prescriber writes “daw” in the box below
4. label
a. 21
b. 22
c. 24
d. 25
24. Taking the “two caps stat” is considered to be a
a. loading dose.
b. maintenance dose.
c. toxic dose.
d. allergic dose.
25. Written on a prescription is “Sig: 1 qid pc and hs.” This is translated to mean
a. take one 3 times a day and at night.
b. take one 5 times a day and after meals.
c. take one 4 times a day after meals and at bedtime.
d. take one 4 times a day before meals and in the morning.
26. Which of the following is required to be on a prescription?
a. side effects of the medicine
b. drug interactions
c. telephone number of patient
d. age of the patient
e. date prescription was written
27. The abbreviation “prn” means
a. as needed.
b. take frequently.
c. as directed.
d. with meals.
28. If a prescriber signs the “substitution permissible” line, then the pharmacist
a. must use the cheaper generic drug.
b. can ask the patient if he/she prefers the generic or brand name drug.
c. must use the more expensive drug.
d. must use the brand name drug.
e. uses whatever drug is available.
True or False
________ 1. Another name for the trade name of a drug is proprietary name.
____ 2. Clarithromycin (Biaxin) is an antibiotic and has an “A” pregnancy category.
____ 3. The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914 established the first drug abuse legislation in the United
States.
____ 4. Posology is the study of the dosages of medicines and drugs.
________ 5. The FDA stands for the Food and Drug Agency.
____ 6. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how the drug is handled by the body.
7. Tominimizemedicationerror,theprescriptionshouldbewritteninpencil.
____ 8. The metric system uses the old measures of weights.
____ 9. Drug dosages for infants are the same as for adults.
____10.OTC drugs require a prescription.
____ 11. Prescriptions for C-II narcotics cannot be refilled by the pharmacist.
____ 12. Federal laws allow the prescriber to prescribe a drug for an “off-labeled use.”
____ 13. A dentist can write a prescription for a drug for a heart condition.
5. ____ 14. It is not necessary to write on a prescription the dose and dose frequency of the medication
because the patient knows what drug he or she is taking.
____ 15. Writing “take as directed” is correct and legal.
____ 16. 1 gm equals to 1000 mg.
Fill in the Blank
1. ____________________________are caused by drug induced damage to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) present in the male and
female gametes.
2. ______________is defined as harmful effects associated with drug overdose.
3. The ______________name for a drug is a registered trademark belonging to a particular drug manufacturer.
4. ______________refers to the unexplained responses of a drug.
5. Penicillin has a FDA pregnancy category of _______.
6. It is important to avoid complications to minimize medication ______________.
7. Drugs that have a high abuse potential are called ______________drugs.
8. DAW is an abbreviation for ____________________________.
9. The abbreviation of a gram is ______________.
10. The abbreviation of a milliliter is ______________.
11. The generic name of Vibramycin is ______________.
12. The abbreviation for “twice a day” is ______________.
13. The abbreviation for “three times a day” is ______________.
14. The abbreviation for “four times a day” is ______________.
15. The abbreviation for “immediately” is ______________
16.The abbreviation for “every hour” is ______________
17. The abbreviation “SIG” means __________________________________________.
18. The abbreviation “PO” means ______________.
19. Drug Enforcement Administration is abbreviated ______________.
20. The abbreviation “hs” indicates to take the medicine at ______________.
21. The abbreviation “qd” indicated to take the medicine ____________________________.
22. The date the prescription was written is contained in the ______________of the prescription.
23. The generic drug is usually ______________than the brand name.
24. “NR” on a prescription indicates ____________________________.
25. Tylenol with codeine #3, which is a C-III, may be refilled ______________times.
EXTENDED MATCHING
1. For each term listed below, select the correct definition from the list proveded.
Term Definition
1. Adverse effect a.more of a drug is needed to obtain the same effect
2. Idiosynrasy b. unexplained, uncharacteristic response to a drug
3. Tolerance c.drug-induced damage to the developing fetus
4. Teratogenic d. undesirble side effects that develop
6. .
2. For each drug schedule listed below, select the correct drug from the list provided
1. C-I a. oxycodone with acetaminophen (Percodan)
2. C-II b. acetaminophen (Tylenol) with codeine
3. C-III c. alprazolam (Xanax)
4. C-IV d. cough syrup with codeine
5. C-V e. heroin
f. hydrocodone with acetaminophen (Vicodin)
Case Study
A 65-year-old male patient presents to the dental office. His medical history revealed that he gets a
rash when he takes penicillin. The patient occasionally gets angina attacks for which he takes
nitroglycerin tablets. The patient takes ibuprofen daily. The patient is scheduled for a restorative
procedure and an oral prophylaxis. The pateint requires an antibiotic because of a endodontic
infection.
1. What information is related to the patient’s allergy to penicillin?
2. What are reference sources that can be used to look up medications the patient is taking?
3. What precautions should be taken while the patient is receiving dental treatment?
4. What are the different ways to determine if there are any drug interactions with the drugs the
patient is taking?
5. The patient asks you about what to expect in terms of good and bad effects of the drugs he is
taking. How do you explain this to the patient?
Case Study
1. What steps should be taken to reduce medication and prescription error in this case?
2. Label the parts of the prescription.
3. What would be the intended directions to the patient?
4. Explain the prescription to the patient.
5. The patient asked if there is a difference between the brand name and the generic form. What is
your reply?
License: 0111111
DEA # AW123445555
John David, DDS
1111 Main Street
New York , NY 11111
(212) 111-1234
Name Mary Smith Age ____A___
Address 1234 South St, NY Date 7/1/06
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen
Disp: # 10 tablets
7. Sig: Take as directed
____________________________
This prescription will be filled generically unless prescriber writes “daw” in the box below
Label
CHAPTER 2
Multiple Choice: Select the appropriate answer(s):
1.Which of the following routes of drug administration is used for the placement of Arestin
(minocycline)?
a. transdermal
b. topical
c. intramuscular
d. subcutaneous
2. Which of the following terms describes the actions of a tablet on the body after ingestion and
absorption?
a. pharmacology
b. pharmacokinetics
c. pharmacodynamics
d. toxicology
3. Which of the following terms describes the absorption of lidocaine local anesthetic after it is
injected into the tissues?
a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics
c. toxicology
d. adverse drug event
4. Which of the following dosage forms describes chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse?
a. emulsion
b. solution
c. suppository
d. elixir
5. From the following list, select the items associated with enteral drug administration
a. oral
b. sublingual
c. intravenous
d. subcutaneous
e. rectal
d. transdermal
e. subgingival
f. inhalation
g. intramuscular
6. From the following list select the items associated with adverse drug reaction
a. noxious drug response
8. b. unintended response to a drug
c. reaction occurs to properly prescribed drug (normal dose or amount)
d. medical errors (miscalculation of dose)
e. confusion with name of drug prescribed (sounds similar to other drugs)
7. By which of the following routes of administration is insulin usually taken?
a. oral
b. subcutaneous
c. intramuscular
d. rectal
8. Which of the following routes of administration should a dental patient use for a nicotine patch?
a. oral
b. topical
c. transdermal
d. rectal
9.Nitroglycerin tablets are taken
a. sublingually.
b. transdermally.
c. topically.
d. intramuscularly.
10. Oraqix is a local anesthetic applied subgingivally. Which of the following routes of drug
administration is used to deliver the anesthetic?
a. topical
b. oral
c. transdermal
d. parenteral
11. Pharmacokinetics involves all of the following concepts?
a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. elimination
e. binding
12. Which of the following terms is used for metabolism?
a. biotransformation
b. excretion
c. liberation
d. elimination
13. Which of the following terms describes how much of a drug will be available in the body to
produce a pharmacologic response after it is administered?
a. bioequivalence
b. bioavailability
c. biotransformation
d. liberation
14. Absorption is bypassed if a drug is administered by which route?
a. topical
b. inhalation
c. intravenous
d. rectal
15. Which of the following drug characteristics will increase the tendency of a drug to cross cell
membranes?
9. a. ionized and high lipid solubility
b. nonionized and high lipid solubility
c. nonionized and low lipid solubility
d. ionized and low lipid solubility
16. How many half-lives does it take for a drug to be eliminated from the body?
a. 1–2
b. 2–3
c. 4–5
d. 5–6
17. Sublingual or buccal administered drugs must initially be able to go through the
a. epithelium of the oral mucosa (tongue or buccal mucosa).
b. connective tissue of the GI tract.
c. tissues of the stomach.
d. tissues of the nasopharynx.
18. Which of the following routes of drug absorption into the bloodstream is most common?
a. passive diffusion
b. active transport
c. facilitated diffusion
d. protein transport
19. All of the following alter the rate of absorption of drugs except one. Which one is the exception?
a. fatty foods
b. blood flow to the target organ
c. hydrogen ion concentration
d. surface area of the esophagus
20. Orally administered drugs must pass through the liver (via the hepatic portal vein) prior to
reaching general circulation and site of action. This is referred to as
a. enterohepatic circulation.
b. first-pass metabolism.
c. passive diffusion.
d. distribution.
21. Which of the following terms describes the movement of a drug once it is absorbed throughout
the body fluids to organs/tissues, which are the site of drug action?
a. absorption
b. liberation
c. distribution
d. elimination
22. Which route(s) of drug administration undergoes significant enterohepatic circulation?
a. oral
b. intravenous
c. intramuscular
d. subcutaneous
23. The primary site of drug biotransformation is the
a. gallbladder.
b. small intestine.
c. large intestine.
d. liver.
24. Which of the following enzymes found in the liver is primarily responsible for the
biotransformation of many dental drugs?
a. collagenase
b. cytochrome P450
c. hyaluronidase
10. d. elastase
25. The time it takes for the drug to eliminate 50% of the amount of its concentration in the plasma
or body is referred to as its
a. half-life.
b. excretion.
c. zero-order kinetics.
d. clearance.
26. The capacity of a body to eliminate a drug is referred to as
a. drug clearance.
b. half-life.
c. steady-state.
d. tubular reabsorption.
27. Which of the following terms describes the actions a drug has on the body?
a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics
c. pharmacology
d. toxicology
28. A drug that rapidly combines with a receptor to initiate a response and rapidly dissociates or
releases from the receptor is called a (an)
a. agonist.
b. antagonist.
c. receptor.
d. ligand.
29. Which of the following terms describes the drug dose that produces 50% of the maximum
possible response?
a. effective dose (ED50)
b. lethal dose
c. maximum response
d. half-life (t1⁄2)
30. Tachyphylaxis is a very rapid development of
a. tolerance.
b. adaptation.
c. mutation.
d. adjustment.
31. The term used to describe a decreased response to repeated administration of a drug is
a. drug dependence.
b. drug interaction.
c. tachyphylaxis.
d. tolerance.
32. Receptorsfordrugbindingareprimarilycomposedof
a. protein.
b. fat.
c. part of the drug.
d. cell membrane.
33. When a drug enters the blood, it may bind to molecules such as albumin, which makes the drug
inactive. This is termed
a. protein binding.
b. protein affinity.
c. drug action.
d. drug binding.
11. 34. All of the following are disadvantages of orally administered drugs except one. Which one is the
exception?
a. undergoes first-pass effect
b. food interferes with absorption
c. cannot take if patient is vomiting
d. convenient form to administer
35. A maintenance dose of drug is given to
a. achieve an initial high drug concentration.
b. keep blood concentration in the therapeutic range.
c. allow the drug concentration to drop to 50% of its initial concentration.
d. achieve a maximal response.
True or False
- 1. After a drug is taken orally, it immediately passes into the bloodstream.
____ 2. Cell membranes are composed of three layers of fat.
____ 3. A drug that is soluble in fat is called hydrophilic.
____ 4. Passive diffusion of drugs across cell membranes/tissue barriers does not require energy.
____ 5. A lipophilic drug is more easily excreted in the urine.
____ 6. Weak acids such as aspirin are more readily absorbed from the stomach than weak bases.
____ 7. Drugs that are weak bases (e.g., erythromycin, codeine, and morphine) are more lipid
soluble and have greater absorption in the small intestine.
____ 8. Morphine has to be injected because it has a high first-pass metabolism.
____ 9. Polar drugs that are not metabolized are excreted unchanged in the urine.
____ 10. Drug dose is defined as the quantity of drug administered.
_ 11. A drug that is administered intravenously has 100% bioavailability.
- 12. Administration of lidocaine with epinephrine is by intramuscular injection.
- 13. Application of benzocaine 20% is topical.
- 14. Atridox is administered intramuscularly.
Fill in the Blank
1. Once a drug is orally administered into the body, it must be ______________into the bloodstream.
2. ______________refers to how much of a drug is absorbed into the blood after the dose is administered.
3. A drug that is intravenously injected has ______________percent bioavailability.
4. Anorallyadministereddrugisbetterabsorbedinthe____________________________thanthestomach.
5. Before a drug is absorbed into the blood, the drug must be absorbed through many ____________________________on its way
from the GI tract into the blood.
6. The barrier membrane between the blood and the tissue is called the ______________barrier.
7. During ______________diffusion the drug penetrates the membrane exclusively by diffusion, in which the rate of
transport is solely proportional to the concentration gradient.
8. Unlikeenteral-administereddrugs,______________administration of drugs bypasses the gastrointestinal tract.
12. 9. The major barrier to absorption of topical administration of a drug is the top layer of skin called
the ____________________________.
10. A drug is eliminated either unchanged or as a ______________.
11. To be readily excreted in the urine a drug must be in a ______________soluble form.
12. A ______________is inactive when administered orally but becomes active after metabolism in the liver.
13. The enzymes in the liver are called ____________________________enzymes.
14. Most drugs undergo ____________________________of elimination.
15. The purpose of giving a ______________dose is to rapidly establish a therapeutic plasma drug concentration.
16. The site of drug attachment on the tissue is called the ______________.
17. A ______________response is the dose of drug that will give the greatest response, and increasing the dose will
not increase the response.
18. The ______________of a drug is the dose or amount of drug required to produce a particular or specific biologic
effect.
19. ______________is a homeostatic adjustment that may occur during a continued or prolonged presence of a drug.
20. A ______________is a treatment during research that is similar to the active medication except that it does not
contain the active drug.
21. ______________is the application of drugs to the skin that will be absorbed into the bloodstream.
22. An ______________injection is used when performing the tuberculin skin test for tuberculosis.
23. Oraqix is administered by the ______________route.
24. Arestin is applied in the ______ ________.
EXTENDED MATCHING
1.
For each route of drug administration listed below, select the correct drug that is
administered by that route of administration from the list provided
Route of drug administration Drug
1. transdermal a. dental anesthetic (e.g., lidocaine)
2. subcutaneous b. hepatitis B vaccine
3. intramuscular c. nicotine patch
4. topical d. Arestin or Atridox
e. insulin
f. benozcaine 20%
2.
For each term listed below, select the correct definition from the list provided
1. half-life a. rate and extent to which a drug is absorbed
2. affinity b. time taken for the blood concentration of a drug
to decrease 50% or one-half its concentration
3. bioavailability c. binding of a drug to a receptor
4. pharmacokinetics d. therapeutic response cannot be increased
with a higher dose of the drug
13. 5. pharmacodynamics e. the effects of drugs on the body and
mechanisms of drug action
6. ceiling effect f. absorption of a drug
g. distribution of a drug through the blood
h. metabolism of a drug
Case Study
A 75-year-old male patient comes to the dental office for regular maintenance visits. The patient has
hypercholesterol levels and is taking simvastatin (Zocor). He presents to the office with an intraoral
swelling around the mandibular first molar region. A radiograph was taken and revealed a large
radiolucent area. Root canal treatment will have to be started. The patient is given a prescription for
penicillin V.
License: 0111111
DEA # AW123445555
John David, DDS
1111 Main Street
New York , NY 11111
(212) 111-1234
Name Mary Smith Age ____35___
Address 1234 South St, NY Date 7/1/06
Penicillin VK 500mg
Disp: # 29 tabs
Sig: Take two tablets orally at once, followed by one tablet four times a day.
____________________________
This prescription will be filled generically unless prescriber writes “daw” in the box below
label
1. Why is it important to ask this patient if he has any allergies?
2. Why is an initial dose of 1000 mg (2 tablets of 500 mg) given to the patient?
3. What should be reviewed before the prescription is given to the patient?
4. What pharmacokinetic factor should be considered when prescribing this antibiotic to the
patient?
5. When the patient swallows the tablet how does it reach the site of action? Also, what is the
intended site of action in this patient?
14. Chapter 3
Multiple Choice:Select the appropriate answer(s):
1. Drugs that act as mediators of sympathetic transmission (cause a sympathetic response) are
called
a. sympathomimetics.
b. parasympathetics.
c. cholinergics.
d. anticholinergics.
2. Drugs that decrease sympathetic activity are called
a. sympatholytics.
b. anticholinergics.
c. cholinergics.
d. adrenergics.
3. The two major types of receptors on or in the effectors (tissues) in the sympathetic or adrenergic
neuroeffector system are
a. nicotinic and muscarinic.
b. (alpha) and ß (beta).
c. nicotinic and beta.
d. muscarinic and alpha.
4. Which of the following is true about the initial effects of an injection of epinephrine in local
anesthetics?
a. It increases systolic blood pressure.
b. It decreases systolic blood pressure.
c. It increases diastolic blood pressure.
d. It has no effect on blood pressure.
5. From the following list , select the items associated with epinephrine
a. increase systolic blood pressure.
b. increase cardiac output.
c. decrease heart rate.
d. decrease diastolic blood pressure
e. lower peripheral resistance
6. Which of the following organs/tissues has/have 1-receptors?
a. lung
b. liver
c. blood vessels
d. adrenal medulla
7. Which of the following organs/tissues has 2-receptors?
a. heart
b. lung
c. liver
d. presynaptic neurons
8. Which of the following organs/tissues has 1-receptors?
a. heart
b. lung
c. liver
d. kidney
9. From the following list, select the items associated with stimulation of the parasympathetic
division
15. a. xerotsomia.
b. saliva secretion.
c. increased heart rate.
d. urine retention.
e. tear secretion
f. urinary outflow
g. bronchiole constriction
10. A drug that stimulates 1-receptors is called a/an
a. sympathomimetic.
b. adrenergic agonist
c. adrenergic antagonist
d. sympatholytic.
e. cholinergic.
f. anticholinergic.
11. From the following list select the items associated with the actions of a drug that stimulates 1-
receptors
a. increased heart rate
b. decrease blood pressure
c. decrease heart contractility
d. increase heart contraction
e. increase heart conduction
d. no effect on the heart
12. Which of the following organs/tissues has/have ß2-receptors?
a. lung
b. heart
c. adrenal medulla
d. lacrimal (eye) gland
13. All of the following events occur with an 1-agonist except which one?
a. vasoconstriction of smooth muscle
b. nasal decongestant
c. increase blood pressure
d. vasodilation of skeletal muscle
14. Which of the following drugs is an 1-agonist?
a. clonidine
b. phenylephrine
c. aspirin
d. ibuprofen
15. The nervous system is divided into the
a. central and peripheral nervous system.
b. autonomic and peripheral nervous system.
c. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
d. central and autonomic nervous system.
16. In which of the following classifications do drugs for the management of attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) belong?
a. direct-acting adrenergic agonists
b. indirect-acting adrenergic agonists
c. mixed-acting adrenergic agonists
d. cholinergic agonists
Oral Pharmacology For The Dental Hygienist 2th Edition Weinberg Test Bank
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