Oral hypoglycemic agents are medications taken orally to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Oral contraceptives, also known as birth control pills, contain hormones that prevent pregnancy through several mechanisms of action. They work by inhibiting ovulation and thickening cervical mucus to prevent fertilization and implantation. Some common oral contraceptives contain estrogens like ethinyl estradiol or progestins like norethindrone or levonorgestrel. Both oral hypoglycemic agents and oral contraceptives are taken orally to achieve their effects.

1. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents And Oral Contraceptives
PRESENTED BY
NAME: BANSODE SIDDHANT SAHEBRAO
M. Pharm (PHARMACOLOGY)
GUIDED BY
Dr. G. V. HARLALKA
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2. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
 Agents that are given orally to reduce the blood glucose levels in diabetic
patients
 The oral antidiabetic drugs are of value only in the treatment of patients
with type 2 (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus whose condition cannot be
controlled by diet alone.
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3. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents 3

4. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents 4
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5. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents 5

6. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Definition:
Oral contraceptives are medicines taken by mouth to help prevent pregnancy.
They are also known as birth control pills.
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7. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
 Birth control (contraceptive) medications contain hormones (estrogen and
progesterone or progesterone alone).
 Birth control pills may also be prescribed to reduce menstrual cramps or
prevent anemia. Some women experience various levels of side effects of
birth control pills.
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8. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
 Classification:
There are four types of OCP:
 Combined pills
 Phased pills
 Progestin only pills
 Emergency pills
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9. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES 9

10. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
 Estrogens: Ethinyl estradiol
Mestranol
 Progesterones: Norethynodrel
Norethindrone
Norethindrone acetate
Norgestimate
Desogestrel
Ethynodiol diacetate
Norgestrel
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11. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
 Mechanism of action
 Estrogen and progesterone causes feedback inhalation of FSH and LH
secretion from the pituitary gland to inhibit ovulation.
 Progestins thicken the cervical mucas and prevent the entry of sperm.
 Effects on uterine tubes and endometrium decrease the likelihood of
fertilization and implantation.
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12. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES 12
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