oral administration , types , scope and mechanism .

1. PRESENTED TO
P.MALA M.Tech,
Assistant professor,
Department of biotechnology,
PMIST – VALLAM.
PRESENTED BY,
U.AATHILAKSHMI(117011101273).
G.ABIRAMI (117011101274).
R.ARAVINDHAN(117012101275).03-04-2020 1

2. CONTENT:
Drug.
Oral drug delivery system.
a. Digestive tract
b. Sublingual tract
Oral drug delivery mechanism.
Advantages disadvantages.
Questions
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3. What is mean by drug ?
• It is a chemical agent intended for cure, prevention, treatment or
therapy for a disorder / disease in human being and animal.
Regular dosage form of drug:
• It is defined as the combination of active drug component along with
non drug moieties.
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4. Oral drug delivery system :
• Oral delivery is usually preferred system for drug
delivery.
• Due to its convenience of the oral drug delivery system
the high level of people preferred for this.
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6. i) Digestive tract:
 Tablet:
• Tablets are available in many different shapes and sizes.
• They are simple to manufacture and can keep for a long time.
• One or more active ingredients are combined with excipients(carrier substances that
help hold the tablet together) and then pressed into tablet form.
 Tablets without coating:
• These tablets are made of powder or granulate pressed tightly together.
• If they're not given a coating, they usually have a dull surface.
• It is important to take tablets with water to avoid them getting stuck in your food pipe,
and so that there is enough liquid in your stomach to allow the tablet to dissolve.
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7. Coated tablets (sugar-coated or film-coated tablets)
• Tablets can be covered with a layer to protect them against
external influences, such as dampness or bacteria.
• Coated tablets are smooth, colored, and shiny.
• They go down easier when you swallow and are tasteless.
• people are differentiate between sugar-coated and film-
coated tablets:
 Sugar-coated tablets:
• They are usually round or oval in shape.
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8.  Film-coated tablets:
• They have a thin coating.
• If tablets contain active ingredients that have to be protected from
the acid in the stomach, they are coated with a protective layer that is
resistant to gastric acid (gastro-resistant).
• Then the active ingredients are not released until they reach the
small intestine.
• Coated tablets should not be crushed or chewed because then they
will no longer be protected by the coating.
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9. Fizzy tablets: Fizzy (effervescent) tablets are dissolved in a glass of
water for drinking.
• They are well suited for people who have difficulty swallowing, and
can have a faster effect than tablets.
Chewable tablets: These contain active ingredients that are intended
to have an effect in the throat.
• Example: For a sore throat, or that can be absorbed through the lining
of the mouth.
• These tablets are either chewed or sucked on.
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10. ii) Buccal tablets: (from the Latin bucca meaning "cheek”).
 sublingual tablets: (from the Latin sub meaning "under"
and lingua meaning "tongue").
• These soluble tablets are placed into a cheek pouch or under the
tongue to let them slowly dissolve.
• The active ingredient is absorbed into the bloodstream directly
through the lining of the mouth and spread through the rest of the
body.
1003-04-2020 Eg: minoxidil

11. Capsules and chewable capsules:
• Capsules have a shell – usually made of gelatin – containing the drug
in the form of a powder, granulate or liquid.
• The shell dissolves in the stomach and then releases the active
ingredient.
• Capsules are long-lasting and tasteless, and even sensitive active
ingredients keep well in capsules.
• There are also in chewable.
• Capsules that you bite the active ingredient can be absorbed through
the lining of the mouth.
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12. Time-release tablets and capsules:
• Time-release (sustained-release) tablets and capsules are designed to
release their active ingredients slowly.
• A time-release tablet may contain an entire day’s worth of the active
ingredient.
• Then it will release it evenly over the course of the day. This has the
advantage that only one tablet is needed per day, and not several.
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13. Powders, drops and granulates:
• Powders and granulates:
• Some drugs are available in powder or granulate form.
• They are usually dissolved in water to be swallowed.
• These include some painkillers and antibiotics for children (dry syrup).
• Drops:
• In drops, the liquid itself is the active ingredient of the medicine, or the active
ingredient has been dissolved in liquid, usually in water or a mixture of water.
• Dosages are given in numbers of drops.
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14. Liquid medications (OR) syrups:
• In liquid medications, one or more active ingredients are usually
dissolved or suspended in water.
• The liquid itself may also be the active ingredient. Nowadays these
medications usually come with a measuring cup to help you get the
dose right.
• People who have problems of swallowing tablets often use liquid
drugs instead.
• Concentrated sugar solutions that contain medication are called
syrups.
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15. Drug delivery mechanism:
Eg: Tablet
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Advantages of oral dosage forms:
• Appropriate for any patient, whatever the age is.
• The most natural and easiest route for drug delivery.
• Economical and safe to the patient.
• No nursing is required, which means the patient can take it with no
help.
• Toxicity is delayed due to the late of action which permits easier
recovery than in case of other dosage forms.

17. Disadvantages of oral drug form:
• Delayed onset of action because, absorption takes time.
• Not suitable in emergency and for unconscious patients.
• Not convenient for a patient with a gastrointestinal disorder such as
diarrhea, constipation, ulceration, and hyperacidity in stomach.
• Not a good choice in case of uncooperative patients as children and
infants.
• Not appropriate if the patient suffers chronic vomiting.
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18. Oral drug delivery:
•https://youtu.be/MmGCJEqZkOY
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19. QUESTIONS:
1) Through which process the drug is released?
2) Concentrations sugar solutions are called______.
3) The oral drug delivery is safe for aged patients.
a) True b) False
4) The dosage form of nose drops is given by______.
5) What is mean by sublingual?
6) Capsules are long-lasting and tasteless.
a)True b)false
7) Coated tablets are two types. What are they?
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