Enzyme are used in pharmaceutical industries in various applications like therapy, antibiotic production, ointments, etc.

1. APPLICATION OF ENZYMES
FOR PHARMACEUTICAL
INDUSTRIES
PRESENTED BY
U.AATHILAKSHMI
810021509001

2. ENZYME IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES
The application of enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry has long been used in the manufacturing
of API’s and other compounds.
Benefits :
•Improved eco-efficiency
•Lower operating costs
•Use of alternative raw materials
•Synthesis of products not accessible by chemical synthesis
•The possibility to implement enzyme cascades

3. PRODUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL ENZYMES
Most of the industrial enzymes including those used in pharmaceutical industries are produced
through fermentation of suitable microbial strains mainly belonging to bacteria and fungi due to
their easy handling, fast growth rates, and convenient scale up in large vessels (fermenters).
Bacteria : escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria,
Filamentous fungi : aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, trichoderma atroviride,
Yeasts : saccharomyces cerevisiae, pichia pastoris,
Production processes : Submerged fermentation (SMF) and Solid-state fermentation (SSF).

5. ENZYMES USED IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
MODIFICATION
PROINSULIN TO INSULIN
• Insulin is a human hormone used for the treatment of diabetes type I patients.
• Microbial sources : Escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
• During the synthesis of insulin, the step of conversion of proinsulin to insulin is catalyzed by
enzymes like trypsin and carboxypeptidase.
• They are used for removing unwanted side chains by cleaving peptide bonds.

6. SEMISYNTHETIC PENICILLIN
• Penicillin acylase enzyme falls under the family of
hydrolases, which act on carbon nitrogen bonds other than
peptide bonds.
• This enzyme is used in the process of production of
semisynthetic penicillin by catalyzing the reaction of penicillin
G and H2O as a substrate to produce 6-aminopenicillanate.
• After gaining resistance to penicillin by microbes,
semisynthetic penicillin was developed which has extended its
effectiveness against a wide range of infectious
microorganisms such as streptococcal and staphylococcal
species, aerobic gram-negative, and many anaerobic
organisms.

7. ENZYMES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF AMINO
ACIDS
Amino acids are building blocks of life and thus are in dispensable for proper health and
nutrition of both humans and animals.
In addition, due to their chirality, they are biochemically very significant and are very useful in
chemical synthesis.
Enzymes and whole cell biocatalysts have been important in the production of proteinogenic
and non proteinogenic D- and L-amino acids.

8. ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF
PROTEINOGENIC AMINO ACIDS
• The production of L-methionine, which is used in
special diets, has been carried out using enzymatic
resolution with acylase of Aspergillus oryzae.
• Several hundred tons of L-methionine and L-valine
are now produced each year using enzyme
membrane reactor technology to minimize the
enzyme loss.

9. ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF STATIN
INTERMEDIATES
• Statins such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are primarily used as lipid lowering agents and for
prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
• These drugs act as specific inhibitors of the hydroxylmethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase, which
reduces HMG-CoA into mevalonate, a rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.
• Two intermediates that are converted to atorvastatin and rosuvastatin.
• t-butyl 6-chloro-(3r,5s)-dihydroxyhexanoate
• (3s,5r)-dihydroxy-6-(benzyloxy) hexanoic acid, ethyl ester.

10. ENZYME THERAPY
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE
 Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, or ADA) is an enzyme involved in
metabolism of purine bases.
 This enzyme has emerged as therapeutic agent for the treatment of immunological disorders -
severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).
 Adenosine deaminase is used for the treatment of ADA plays an important role in the metabolism
of excess adenosine present in the circulation of these patients and decreases the toxicity to
the immune system of the raised adenosine levels. The success of the treatment depends upon the
modification of ADA with PEG.

11. ENZYMES USED AS DIGESTIVE AIDS
LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
• Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the
patient is unable to produce sufficient quantities
of lactase enzyme that is responsible for the
digestion of the milk sugar lactose.
• For such people, lactase supplements such as milk
fortified with lactase, lactase powder, and so on are
available.
• These supplements help to break down the lactose
into its monomers, that is, glucose and galactose
and alleviate the symptoms of lactose intolerance
such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea.

12. ENZYMES USED IN TOPICAL OINTMENTS
COLLAGENASE
• Collagen is a protein that joins and holds cells and tissue together such as the muscle, skin,
bone, and tendons.
• Collagenase is obtained from clostridium histolyticum, which is an endopeptidase having
debridement activity that digests native collagen in damaged cells and tissues within the skin
layers and helps recover severe burns, skin ulcers, etc.
• It helps to discontinue and remove dead skin and tissue and thus helps in the repair of skin
during the healing of burns and skin ulcers.

13. REFERENCE
• Meghwanshi, G.K., Kaur, N., Verma, S., Dabi, N.K., Vashishtha, A., Charan, P.D., Purohit, P.,
Bhandari, H.S., Bhojak, N. And kumar, R., 2020. Enzymes for pharmaceutical and therapeutic
applications. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 67(4), pp.586-601.
• Singu, B. And annapure, U., 2018. Role of enzymes in pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries. In Enzymes in Food technology (pp. 167-185). Springer, singapore.

14. THANK YOU