oral contraceptive , definition , before prescribing it , how to use other uses , products in the pharmacy , side effects , drug interactions , contraindications .
2. Oral contraceptives (the pill) are hormonally
active pills which are
usually taken by women on a daily basis.
They contain either two hormones combined
(progesterone and estrogen) or a single
hormone (progesterone).
3. Estrogen and Progesterone causes feedback
inhibition of FSH & LH secretion from the pituitary
gland to inhibit ovulation .
Thickening the cervical mucous to prevent the entry
of sperm .
endometrial atrophy ( thinning the lining of the
uterus ) so it cannot support a fertilized egg.
6. Constant Dose of both estrogen and progestin.
in each of the hormonally active pills throughout
the entire cycle , 21 days of ingesting active
pills .
7. contain 2 different progesterone doses.
The progesterone dose is increased about
halfway through the cycle.
8. contain progestin without estrogen.
This type of pill is also called Progestin-only
pills .
Progestin-only pills may be a good choice for
women who can’t take estrogen for health or
other reasons.
9. The medicine is given only by prescription
from the doctor.
But some pharmacists in some pharmacies do
not stick to this.
They give this medication as OTC drug
10. Through our visit to various pharmacies, we
noticed that pharmacists within various
pharmacies are covered in the way they treat
patients.
Some pharmacists ask the patient whether he
has any other diseases or is he a smoker and I
explain the correct way to give medicine and
some pharmacists only sell the medicine
without doing anything else.
11. History & GPE .
H/O headache, migraine
H/O amenorrhea
Family H/O Breast Cancer
Breast Examination : any nodule etc.
Pelvic Examination
Rule out Pregnancy.
Cervical Cytology : smear examination ; any
abnormal cells .
12. Laboratory tests
The use of contraceptive steroids may
influence the results of certain laboratory
tests, including biochemical parameters of
liver, thyroid, adrenal and renal function,
plasma levels of (carrier) proteins.
Changes generally remain within the normal
laboratory range.
13. Regulation of menstrual cycle
Protection against iron deficiency anemia.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Amenorrhea
Menstrual cramps
Premenstrual syndromes
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)
14. Start on the 1st 5 days of the cycle regularly
every day.
1 tab daily at same time – 21 days (21
ACTIVE PILLS)
21 days on , 7 days off
15. THE 21 DAY PACK
› the first seven pills in a packet inhibit ovulation
› the remaining 14 pills maintain anovulation.
16. THE 28 DAY PACK
1 tab daily at same time – 21 days (21
ACTIVE PILLS)
7 (INACTIVE PILLS)- iron or vitamin
preparations.
17. One pill.
No problem.
Take the missed pill immediately.
2 pills or more.
› Take the pills
› Backup methods should be used.
› Emergency contraception if sexual intercourse
was occurred in preceding 7 days.
18. frequently referred to as
› “The Morning After Pill”
Increased doses of Combined Oral
Contraceptive(COC) Pills
High doses of Progestogen-only Oral
Contraceptive (POC) Pills
21. Estrogen fixed dose throughout the cycle
with doubled dose of progestin in the 2nd.
Half of the cycle.
Progestin : low in first 10 days , higher in
next 11 days .
25. indicated for the treatment of disorders
resulting from oestrogen deficiency
associated with menopause.
It is prescribed as a hormone replacement
therapy (HRT).
indicated for the prevention of menopause
related osteoporosis in women with
increased risk of fracture .
26. This treatment consists of 1 tablet per day
for 21 days, to be taken without interruption
in the following order: take 1 white tablet
each day for 11 days, then 1 pink tablet each
day for the next 10 days. You will then
observe a day break in pill taking .
27.
28. Progestin-only pills
No Estrogen compounds
Suitable when breast feeding.
Suitable when EE is contraindicated.
Prescribed in patients having medical
disorders – hypertension , fibroid ,diabetes ,
epilepsy , smoking, h/o thromboembolism .
29. Content desogestrel 75 microgram tab
When you finish a pack start the next pack
straight away without having a break. This
means you'll be taking one tablet every day
all the time, including when you're having a
period.
31. INCREASES THE EFFICACY
OF:
› BETA BLOCKERS
› CORTICOSTEROIDS
› DIAZEPAM
REDUCES THE EFFICACY
OF:
› ASPIRIN
› ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS
› ORAL HYPOGLYCEMICS
they impair absorption of
ethinyl estradiol :
› Vitamin supplements
› antibiotics
› Anti HIV drug
› Anti fungal medication
Anti seizures drugs
32. Minor complications :
NAUSEA,
VOMITING,
HEADACHE
LEG CRAMPS
weight gain
› use of low dose COCs
do not cause any weight
gain.
Mastalgia
Breast tenderness
Acne
Menstrual abnormalities
Bleeding …
› hormone levels
Mood changes
Missed period
Vaginal discharge
migraine
33. Major complications :
Deep vein thrombosis .. Varicose
Heart attack
Stroke
Pulmonary embolism
Cardiac problem
Cervical cancer
Change lipid profile
Jaundice
34. < 6 months postpartum if breastfeeding
Smoker over the age of 35
› (≥ 15 cigarettes per day)
Hypertension (systolic ≥ 160mm Hg or diastolic
≥100mm Hg)
Current or past history of venous
thromboembolism(VTE)
Breast cancer
Diabetes with
retinopathy/nephropathy/neuropathy
Severe cirrhosis