- Oral communication involves transmitting messages between people using speech and voice. It occurs through the mouth, lungs, and air. While traditionally using air, technology now allows oral communication through phones and video calls. - Breathing is the process of gas exchange that provides oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide. It is essential for aerobic life. Humans breathe in oxygen and out carbon dioxide through inspiration and expiration. - There are different types of breathing including hyperpnea during exercise or illness, Kussmaul breathing in diabetic ketoacidosis, and Cheyne-Stokes periodic breathing in brain or heart conditions. Exercises can target chest, clavicle, or complete breathing muscles.

1. ORAL COMMUNICATION
AND BREATHING
Student:
Sosa Olmedillo, Andrea
Loreana
C.I: V- 26.757.378

2. ORAL COMMUNICATION
Oral communication is that type of interaction
in which a message is transmitted between two or
more people using natural language as code and
voice as carrier. Orality involves the production
and transmission of messages through speech
organs: lips, teeth, alveolar region, palate, veil,
uvula, glottis and tongue.
In general, the physical medium by which the
message is transmitted is traditionally the air.
However, with the advancement of technology,
oral communication can occur through other
physical means. Among others, this type of
communication can be carried out through the
telephone, interactive chats and
videoconferences.

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
1. Elements
It requires a sender and a receiver of messages, also the basic
voice and hearing channels, and if necessary a technical channel
such as a telephone. In the same way it is defined in a context or
situation that defines the type of language; and requires a shared
code, as would be the same language.
Issuer: He is the one who delivers the speech.
Receiver: It is the one to whom the speech is directed.
Message: It is the information that is transmitted (which is
usually greater or different from what is intended to be transmitted).
Channel: It is the support on which the message is mounted: the
spoken word, the air that vibrates to transmit the sounds.
Code: It is the language, the group of signs shared by the sender
and the receiver.
Situation: It is the context in which communication occurs and
that influences the meaning of the message.

4. 4. It is ephemeral
This is what distinguishes oral and written communication
the most. While the first requires that both transmitters and
receivers be present at a specific time and place (except, of
course, in the case of recorded messages or radio and
television broadcasts), the writing can instead cross distances
and even times, since it lasts time. That said, as the proverb
says, the wind takes it away.
5. It is a natural ability of man
Oral communication requires the intervention of the mouth,
vocal cords and lungs for emission, although teeth, tongue and
other muscles and cavities are also necessary to modulate the
sound. The reception, on the other hand, needs only the ear.
All this means that anyone is a potential sender or receiver,
because in general we are born with the necessary physical
capabilities.
6. Tends to diversity
There is no single way of speaking, even for those who share
language. Oral communication reflects much more than the
written idioms, trends, emotions and even the origin of the
issuer. Something notorious in the accents or tunes of different
speakers.
2. Genders
Of a participant or exhibitor is the religious or political and
social discourse, in addition to the conference, among others.
As for genres of two or more members, there is conversation,
interview, debate, colloquium, talk, talk, etc.
3. Advantages and disadvantages
In itself, the richness of expression in combination with
sounds, obtaining immediate answers are considered
advantages; the possibility of making clarifications at the
time, as well as extensions or modifications to make the
message more understandable.

5. 10. Tends to improvisation
Since it occurs immediately and immediately, oral
communication is more spontaneous and less planned than
written: there is no time to review and rethink what is said.
11. It is associated with informal contexts
Oral communication is incomprobable, since it is fleeting.
Hence, in the more formal contexts, such as legal or political
ones, the intervention of writing is required: certifications,
minutes, invoices, titles, and so on.
12. Use the air as a vehicle
Composed of sound waves, oral communication is transmitted
through the air, and therefore is subject to modifications
according to the physical context in which it occurs, such as echo
in a cave or attenuation in a loud concert.
7. It allows doubt and rectification
One can repent of what he says, interrupt the prayer,
explain himself better. That is because what we keep silent is
in thought. The writing, on the other hand, has no reverse
once it is read.
8. Is bidirectional
All dialogue requires that sender and receiver take turns
exchanging roles. On the other hand, other forms of
communication are unidirectional: the sender never becomes
a receiver or vice versa.
9. Use body language and proxemic
Gesture, body posture, even the way of looking accompany
the oral transmission of a message and facilitate its
understanding. Sometimes they can even betray the true
emotions of the issuer, hidden or concealed by what he says
(known as gestural language).

6. BREATHING
To know what breathing is, it refers to an authentic biological process of every living
being, and whose main purpose is to sustain the activity of your organism (that is, alive)
by exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen. The definition of respiration commonly refers
to the fact that it is a mechanism by which living beings inhale air, but it is only a
demonstration of the respiratory system whose development mechanism is much more
complex, where the cells of organisms are actually benefited, in the so-called internal
breathing.
The concept of internal or cellular respiration is different. Since the meaning of cellular
respiration refers to a group of biochemical reactions by which certain organic
compounds are corroded entirely in the internal part of the cell, due to oxidation. This
metabolic system requires oxygen since it supplies the energy recycled by the cell (mainly
in the form of ATP).
For aerobic living organisms, breathing represents a fundamental physiological
method for life. It refers to a process of gas exchange with the environment that can be
put into operation in different ways (by branchial, pulmonary, cutaneous, etc.). Humans
perceive oxygen through inspiration and subsequently exhale carbon dioxide. At the time
of birth, when the baby is separated from the umbilical cord, breathing is the first
independent act of the newborn. It is important to highlight that, although an individual
can tolerate several days without drinking or eating, he cannot spend more than a few
minutes without breathing.

7. TYPES OF BREATHING
1. Hyperpnea or hyperventilation
The word hyperpnea refers to the increase in the
amount of air ventilated per unit of time, compared
to what is estimated as normal breathing. This
increase in the amount of oxygen exchanged can
be caused either by an increase in the regularity of
the respiratory phase (tachypnea), by an
aggravation in the depth when breathing (batipnea)
or by a conjunction of the two (polypnea).
An example of this is when breathing is deep,
fast or laborious, which is usually reflected during
exercise; It is also accompanied by pathological
conditions such as fever, pain, hysteria and any
condition in which the oxygen supply is not
sufficient, as is the case of circulatory and
respiratory diseases.
2. Kussmaul breathing
The definition of kussmaul breathing is
understood as the type of deep, rapid and
laborious inhalation of individuals with a state of
diabetic coma or with a ketoacidosis. This
pathology is characterized by hyperventilation
that helps the decrease of carbon dioxide in the
blood. Metabolic acidosis begins with a rapid
and shallow breathing but as acidosis increases,
it becomes gradually deep, panting and forced.
Kussmaul breathing is named in this way in
honor of the German doctor Adolph Kussmaul,
in the 19th century, who was the first to study it
and describes it in 1874. Kussmaul, addresses
this type of breathing when metabolic acidosis is
regularly severe to increase the respiratory rate.

8. 3. Cheyne-Stokes periodic breathing
It is known that Cheyne-Stokes breathing is a way of
breathing that is characterized by the presence of frequent
oscillations in the extent of ventilation, increases and
decreases periodically, causing intermediate stages of apnea
with a duration of seconds. It can be as a result of the
presence of a brain injury, for example caused by a brain
tumor or stroke, it can also occur in patients suffering from
heart failure.
4. Biot Breath
The meaning of biot breathing refers to the way of
breathing irregularly and superficially with extensive stages
of apnea (10 to 30s long). The causes of this condition are:
increased intracranial pressure, drug coma, or CNS lesions
at the level of the spinal bulb.
At certain times it can be perceived that the person is
breathing normally but subsequently interrupted with
periods of apnea. In some more serious cases, where
amplitude and rhythmicity are variants, in this case it is
called ataxic respiration.

9. BREATHING EXERCISES
Exercise 1: chest or rib breathing
In this case the chest and ribs are the main areas, what should
be done is to place the hand in the abdomen area and the other in
the chest. Then it proceeds to inspire slowly and deeply, the hand
on the chest should rise, while the one in the abdomen must remain
motionless, it should be observed how the rib cage fills with air and
empties and the abdomen remains intact .
Exercise 2: clavicular breathing
Clavicular breathing is mild and superficial, usually seen in
people with anxiety. It is possible that it produces hyperventilation
and as a result generate dizziness in the person, so this exercise is
only recommended to check the functioning of the muscles that
participate in it, but not as a routine exercise.
The first is to place the hand on the chest, the other on the
abdomen, inspire slowly and deeply, it should be noted that the
chest and abdomen remain still, while the thorax and clavicles are
filled with air, then you must release the air and observe how the
clavicle area is emptied. With the previous exercises you can know
the muscles involved in breathing, but the following exercise
contributes to complete relaxation.
Exercise 3: complete breathing
It is a combination of the three types of breathing, all the muscles
mentioned above should be used, in order to maximize the capacity
of the lungs.
Exercise 4: diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing
Different types of muscles participate during breathing, among
which the diagram stands out, it is considered the most relevant.
When there are stress conditions, the diaphragm is used incorrectly,
which causes breathing to be superficial and accelerated. What
abdominal breathing does is contribute to strengthening the diagram
and lower breathing rates. To perform this exercise it is necessary for
the person to lie on his back, then you must place one hand on the
abdomen and the other on the upper chest, that way you can feel the
movements of the diaphragm when breathing.

10. THE INTONATION
The human being not only communicates through what he says, but
also through the way he says it. That is, a person can give a concrete
expressiveness to the tone of his voice, to the appropriate modulation
of intonation in the context of a conversation. A person can give one
intonation or another depending on the context.
For example, facing an unexpected event can give a surprising
intonation to your message. In the same way, the intonation of a
question is different from that required by an exclamation.
When we enunciate, the intonation rises to the first stressed syllable,
and then remains almost at the same height and lower since the last
tonic syllable, subjectively. If several phonic groups are distinguished in
the statement (each phonic group is distinguished as it develops
between pauses), they all raise the tone from its final syllable, except in
the last one, where the tone falls from the last accentuated syllable.
Something similar occurs in the exclamation but with a higher level.
In the work context, giving the appropriate intonation to a speech to
speak in public during a presentation can be decisive to avoid boredom
in the audience. Giving a correct intonation to a message improves the
attention of the interlocutor and also improves understanding. Since
then, a monotonous tone of voice produces boredom.

11. THE DICTION
It refers to saying, but in its best form, because when speaking
or writing it is not only about saying things, but about saying them
in the best possible way, to avoid misunderstandings and
communication barriers. This is how, as a diction, it refers to the
art of saying, where in order to be an "artist of saying", the good
use of voice and spelling must be worked on.
The diction is based on saying things in compliance with
grammar rules, using words correctly, to construct sentences.
For speech, the diction is divided into two main parts,
articulation and vocalization, which mean the clarity and sharpness
of the words and the appropriate sound given to the vowels,
respectively.

12. THE END
THANKS