6. Type of optical fiber
Multimode single mode
Distance 25 km 80-120 km
light source LED Laser
Attenuation Higher lower
7. Advantages & disadvantages
Advantages
LOWER POWER LOSS
IT IS NOT AFFECTED BY WEATHER FACTORS
LIGHT WEIGHT
COST EFFECTIVE
IT IS NOT AFFECTED BY MAGNETIC FIELD
disadvantages
• Difficult to splice
• Can’t be curved
16. Causes of
poor welds
• The hairs are not neatly styled in front of
each other(the loss in this situation is very
high)
• There are impurities in it
19. Losses
Loss in welding = 0.1
Loss in ODF = 0.5 (mostly we have
two )
The permissible loss for the
implementation of any project
does not exceed -27
20. measurement by using OTDR
• OTDR is a fiber optic tester characterizing fibers and
optical networks. The aim of this instrument is to detect,
locate and measure events at any location in the fiber link.
21. Advantages
of OTDR
• Calculate total loss
• Calculate loss per km of cable
• Weld loss measurement and locating and
conductor loss
• Determine the length of the cable or the
location of the cut if the cable is cut
23. Transmission media
The transmission media is the media through
which data is transmitted and it is the one that
carries the signal from one place to another (it
can be wire or wireless )
Wireless communication Wire communication
24. Multiplexing(MUX)
• Four input signals with the same nominal bit
rate are combined to form one multiplex
signal and then relayed to the receive side via
one common transmission path.
26. 1)PDH : Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDH signals with a higher transmission
rate are obtained by multiplexing several
lower rate signals Basic rate called E-1
(2.048 Mbs/s)
27. Disadvantages
of PDH
• Limited capacity
• Non sharable
• Complex in multiplexing and demultiplexing
• Different standard
