This document is an industrial training report submitted by Chauhan Ashish, a student of S.Y. B.B.A., to Saurashtra University. It provides information about Ashish's internship at Optel Ceramics Pvt. Ltd., including details about the company's history, management, production process, products, and raw material sourcing. The report covers Optel Ceramic's organizational structure, location advantages, and manufacturing process from raw material preparation to the finished tiles.

1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT ON
(Second Year of Bachelor of Business Administration)
Academic Year: - 2007-2008
-: Submitted to:-
SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY - RAJKOT.
T.N.RAO COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT
STUDIES
Prepared By:- Guide:-
CHAUHAN ASHISH Prof. SHRUTI
MEHTA
S.Y. B.B.A.
1

2. DECLARATION
I undersigned CHAUHAN ASHISH a student of
S.Y. B.B.A. at T.N.RAO COLLAGE OF COMMERCE,
RAJKOT here by declare that the project work and its
report presented here in is through my own carried out
under the supervision of Prof. SHRUTI MEHTA of
T.N.RAO COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES.
Date:-
Place:-RAJKOT
Signatur
e
[CHAUHAN ASHISH]
2

3. PREFACE
The stream management, itself is a key word
used frequently even in our day - to - day life. Good
result you achieve is how good you manage & see that it
is achieved. It is in fact the key factor particularly for the
success of smooth & progressive running of an
organization or otherwise.
To be successful in any field, just academic
qualification do not work, one has to have detailed
knowledge about the practical aspect of it. Being
concerned about their, the practical study of any industry
has been included in the curriculum of Bachelor of
Business Administration. This project is based on the
information from various department of the industry.
As a student of F.Y. B.B.A. I had an
opportunity to visit OPTEL Ceramics present the
relevant information in this project.
CHAUHAN ASHISH
3

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am pleased to present this Project on industrial
training undergone at OPTEL ceramics PVT Ltd.
I here by take this opportunity to express my
gratitude to our lecturer PROF.PARUL CHOTALIA, who
stood a source of inspiration, encouragement and guide
me at each stage.
I also express my gratitude to the staff members
of OPTEL CERAMIC PVT. LTD. for their valuable
guidance. I am thankful unit to all the members of the
industrial unit for their whole hearted response &
valuable guidance for completing this project. I express
my sincere thank to SHRI VALLABHBHAI FEFAR, the
Director of OPTEL CERAMIC PVT.LTD. For sharing
their wonderful experience & giving their kind guidance
during my training of the company.
4

5. INDEX
Sr. No. Particular
5
P.
NO.
01 General Information 06
02 Production Department 13
03 Personnel Department 23
04 Marketing Department 31
05 Financial Department 37
06 SWOT Analysis 40
07 Future Plans 41
08 Conclusion 42
09 Bibliography 43

6. 6

7. HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT
Every unit has got some of other history of its own.
OPTEL CERAMIC PVT. Ltd. has commissioned a full
automatic Italian plant for manufacturing floor tiles. The
company has now enhanced its skill & technology at
production & marketing of floor tiles. Today, over, a
decade of valuable experience has enable us to pioneer
within the industry to manufacture floor tiles in various
designs & sizes in the brand name “OPTEL” , all over
the India.
Original promoters of this group are from village
Sara of Surendranagar district. They are rich agriculturist
& having good business of trading of cotton & other agro
products at village Sara up to 1993. They arrived in
Morbi 1993 & started a unit of mfg of roofing files under
name style M/S OPTEL.
Promoters have decided, progress of OPTEL
ceramics by alteration in its OPTEL ceramic.
This group has very young & enthusiastic family
member. All are self disciplined & hard working.
7

8. SIZE OF THE FIRM
Size of an organization depends of their capital
investment in Fixed Assets. Industries are divided in 3
parts.
· Small scale industries
· Medium scale industries
· Large scale industries
OPTEL ceramics is a private company.
Investment in fixed Assets is Rs.3.5 corer &
investment in current Assets is Rs.2 crores so, OPTEL
ceramics is a Medium scale industry.
It is Limited on Membership, Restriction on public
issue of shares, & ownership are separate, separate
legal existence, so we can say that this company is PVT.
Ltd. Company.
8

9. ABOUT BOARD OF DIRECTOR
· Promoters:-
A group enterprising businessman with
keen interest & years of experience in ceramics industry
came together & formed a company at Morbi city in the
state of Gujarat, to design & deliver qualitative ceramics
tiles.
· Directors:-
1. Prabhubhai Fefar
2. Vallabhbhai Fefar
3. Pravinbhai Fefar
I) Shri Prabhubhai Fefar:-
Shri Prabhubhai Fefar, 45 years, B.com
graduate, is having 11 years experience of running
ceramics items, manufacturing & trading unit.
9

10. II) Shri Vallabhbhai Fefar:-
Shri Vallabhbhai Fefar, 37 years, B.S.C.
graduate, is having 8 years experience in the line of
ceramic Glazed tiles manufacturing & training activities.
III) Shri Pravinbhai Fefar:-
Shri Pravinbhai Fefar, 32 years, holding Wireless
Telegraphy degree is having 10 years services
experience of the government.
10

11. COMPANY PROFILE
1) Name of the firm : - OPTEL ceramic pvt.ltd.
2) Register officer/ Lakhdhirpur Road,
Corporate office : - Morbi,
Dist – Rajkot,
Gujarat, India.
3) Size of unit: - Medium scale industry
4) From of organization : - private limited
5) Brand Name: - “OPTEL”
6) Phone No.-Office :- 02822-2241401
Factory :- 02822-2241402
7) E-Mail :- info@optelceramic.com
8) Website :- www.optelceramic.com
9) Product :- Various size of ceramics
Wall floor tiles
10) Category :- Wall Floor Tiles
Satin matt floor tiles
11) Source of Finance :- ownership capital &
State Bank of Saurastra.
11

12. LOCATION OF THE UNIT
Location is the particular place or area where the
business units are establishment. It plays an important
role in the success or failure of the unit. Location of unit
established as well as product. There location of a unit
some of these factors from the viewpoint of OPTEL
CERAMIC PVT. LTD. are discussed below.
· Location Advantages of the OPTEL
ceramic pvt. Ltd.
1) Proper Location of site:-
The site selection for location of
industry must be nearer to public utility service like
transportation, warehousing, water, power etc.
12

13. 2) Availability of Labour:-
Adequate supply of cheap & skilled
labour is necessary. As there are number of unit
engaged in the similar line, cheap & skilled labours are
available from near by areas.
3) Electricity & Water:-
As there is well-developed industrial
zone, power connection from Gujarat Electricity board is
available very easily.
4) Raw-material:-
Row material is the vital-consideration.
As in the area there are about 40 other
unit engaged in the same line, raw material suppliers &
machinery suppliers used to visit this area, so Row
material availability becomes easy.
13

14. 14

15. ORGANIZATION CHART
Board
of Directors
Laboratory
Testing Clerks Clerks
15
Production
Department
Personal
Department
Marketing
Department
Finance
Department
Production
Manager
Supervisor
Workers
Assistant Marketing
Manager
Finance
Manager
Chief
Accountant
Accountant
Peons

16. RAW MATERIAL AVAILABILITY
The cost of raw material is the major cost in the
overall cost of production. Raw material is the vital-consideration.
It is the basic requirements for any
industry. Raw-Material are converted in to semi Finished
goods after various process on it & then they are
converted to finished goods.
Raw Material availability becomes easy.
Experienced & skilled mechanics & technocrats are
available here.
In OPTEL ceramics raw-materials are collected
from various parts of the country these all raw materials
are available with the help of transportation facility like
roadways. As transportation facilities have become very
fast & cheap, raw-materials are easily available.
16

17. LIST OF RAW MATERIAL
· List of Raw – Material used for production
of
tiles.
Raw – materia l Place
Talk powder Rajasthan
Feldspar powder Rajasthan
Ball clay Rajasthan
Santalpus clay Gujarat
China clay Tamilnadu
STPP Import
Glaze Frit Gujarat
Color Gujarat
Zinc oxide Gujarat
Calcite Alumina Karnataka
Zircon opcifiro Import
PEG Gujarat
17

18. ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
Production Department
Production Manager
Laboratory Testing
Supervisor
Workers
The Production manager is the top
accountable person of the production department. He
has full responsibility, authority & accountability of any
task related to the production.
The authority line of the department flows
from top to the bottom & responsibility from bottom to
the top. The production manager is answerable to the
managing Director.
18

19. PROCESS OF RAW - MATERIAL
19
Water
Absorption
Fired
Color
Sampling
For
Transport
Drying
Pressing
MC%
Addition
Powder
Sampling
For
Transport
MC%
Content
Grinding Drying Preparation

20. PRODUCTS
Products are the final out comes of the whole
manufacturing process & raw – material process. The
unit is mere concerned with the final product raw –
materials are inspection & checked before they are sent
to production department. The qualities of the products
determined the sales, sales determine the profit.
OPTEL ceramic manufactures different type &
different size of ceramics floor tiles which as under.
· Different category of ceramics floor tiles
1) Wall Floor Tiles
2) Satin Matt Wall Tiles
· Different size of ceramics floor tiles.
1) 8” X 8”
2) 08”X12”
3) 10”X10”
4) 12”X12”
5) 12”X16”
6) 12”X18”
7) 24”X24”
20

21. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
· Technology & manufacturing process:-
Unit is using high technology. Unit has decided to install
the machineries from Italy which is the fastest developed in
ceramic technology. Here technology is all together very
different.
· Stages of the manufacturing process are as
under:-
1) Raw – Material preparation:-
Raw – Material preparation involves size reduction &
mixing of clay with different material into body. There is
basically done by wet grinding of materials into ball mill. So,
Water is used as wet medium for availability & cost
effectiveness, prepared wet slip is then stored to continuous
birded tanks.
21

22. 2) Granulation & Drying:-
Slip contain some % of water has to be removed &
admixture hot air with according to requirement size
distribution, moisture & practical size are maintained through
flow & temperature of air blow. Then it will be sending for
pressing.
3) Shaping/Drying:-
Presenting of body granules by hydraulic pressers which
can apply maximum pressure up to 2000 M.T. according to
required size of tiles can be pressed in hydraulic pressers.
4) Glazing:-
Dried tiles will be send to send glazed line for glazing on
it where glazed slip is applied on biscuit of tiles then printed on
it required designs screen printing machine.
22

23. 5) Firing:-
The tiles will then send for firing into roller hearth kiln
where ceramics & metal roller keep moving into kiln & which
passes through preheating firing & cooling stages
respectively, all required cross reaction of body & glaze make
them suitable during this processing stage the chance roller
kiln technology, produces tiles with higher quality standards &
with minimum losses.
6) Sorting/ Packaging:-
The final stage involves tiles to sort according to quality
into different grades by skilled persons. Then it will be packed
in corrugated boxes & stored into godown.
23

24. PRODUCTION PROCESS CHART
Dispatch of the Goods
Final Goods
Packaging of Tiles
Sorting of Tiles
Firing of Tiles
Glazing of Tiles
Pressing of Clay
Granulation of Raw - Materials
Grinding of Raw - Materials
Testing of Raw - Materials
Raw - Materials
24

25. 25

26. PLANT LOCATION
a. OPTEL ceramics has best plant locations
which is as under:
1) R & D, and testing lab.
2) Water purifying system
3) Glaze preparation roller plant
4) Spray Dryer
5) Press(1600 tones)
6) Advanced High Capacity Kiln
7) Fully Automatic loading – unloading
8) Advanced color & design machine
26

27. LIST OF MACHINERIES
· Machineries used by OPTEL ceramics for
manufacturing ceramics floor tiles are as
under.
· All the machineries imported by
company.
1) Ball mill
2) Spray Drier
3) Slip pump
4) Vibratos with magnet
5) Roller plant
6) Advanced high capacity kiln
7) Press(1600 turn)
8) Water purifying system
9) Fully automatic & unloading machines.
10) Glaze line
11) Plastic strapping machines
12) Air compressor
13) Generators (3 sets 500 kvs)
14) Stirred tanks
15) Screen tanks
16) Firing machine
17) Roller kiln (finished goods)
27

28. ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT
In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. LTD., The personal offer
is Mr. Vallabhbhai who is fully responsible for the
accomplishment of the goals of the personal
department. He is many years experienced & has the
caliber to get the work done thought staff members &
other workers.
28
Personal
Department
Clerks (Senior) Assistant
Time Keeper Supervisors

29. RECRUITMENT & SELECTION
· Definition of Recruitment:-
“Recruitment is the process of searching for
prospective employees & stimulating them to apply for
jobs in the organization.”
· Definition of Selection:-
“Selection means selecting the most suitable
candidates of application who have shown their interest
in joining the org.
· For office staff:-
They recruit directory through advertisement in the
highly circulated news paper. They aren’t using any
employment exchange or employment agencies for
recruitment.
29

30. After receiving application, they sort out the best
application & than they send interview call letters to
them. After that candidates are selected by holding
interviews. Selection committee member select
candidates. After the candidate is selected, the company
given him the appointment letter which in chiders when
be has to join the company, his authority responsibility &
accountability towards the company.
· For Labor:-
That for office staff labour is selected decretory as
they are locally available because OPTEL ceramic is
situated in a ceramics zone where the labourers are
available easily.
30

31. JOB DESCRIPTION
Job description is an important document, which is
basically descriptive in nature & seek to state in general
the work performed, the responsibility, involved the skill
or training required condition under which the job is done
relationship with other jobs & the requirements of
personnel for the job. It is a written record of the duties,
responsibilities & requirement of a particular job.
The higher authority assigns the work to the sub
ordinates & the sub ordinates are accountable to their
superiors & the complete job record is maintained.
In OPTEL ceramics, functions of jobs are
prescribed but no special importance is given.
31

32. TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
“Training is providing knowledge of a job. Skill
required & developed awareness of rules & regulation,
behaviors & knowledge of an employee for the purpose
of skill development for a particular job.”
“Development is a related process which covers
not only those activities which improve job performance
but also those which bring about growth of personality
helps individual in the program towards maturity or
acuatilization of the potiational capacities.”
· Main Aim Of Training:-
1) Specific techniques of development
2) Develop a leadership quality
3) To give the knowledge of discipline &
excellence
4) To give the knowledge of responsibility
5) Work in most efficient manner & also very
smoothly
6) Safety at work place. Leads to more stable
mental attitude on the part of employees.
32

33. PROMOTION & TRANFER POLICY
Promotion may be defined as upward
advancement of an employee in our organization to
another job, which commands better pay wages, better
status prospectus & authority.
Transfer means charge one department to another
or one post to other post. Every organization should
maintain transfer policy. Transfer policy should be
transport and known to each employee.
In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. the promotion and
transfer policy are based, on employee ability and
employee working conditions. Seniority is not needed for
the promotion and transfer.
Promotion is always based on ability, hard work,
honesty and the dedication of the employee.
33

34. 34

35. WAGES AND SALARY ADMINITRATION
The basic purpose of wager & salaries is to
establish and maintain an equitable wage & salary
structure. The wage & salary administration is
concerned with the finance aspirates of the needs,
motivation and rewards it also refers to the established
and implementation of sound policy and practices and
practices of employee’s compensation.
It includes such areas as job evaluation surveys of
wage & salary analysis of relevant organization
problems, maintenance of administering cost & other
related items.
In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. there is a time wage
system & it is paid on monthly basic. There wage are
calculated as per monthly wage rate to government
salary is the economic at managerial level. Salaries are
paid on yearly basic and its amount is paid by the
company according to the working efficiency of
employee.
35

36. WORKING CONDITION
It’s a fact & profound significance that time waits
for non. Thus, a time keeping system becomes
important in every unit.
Current time for the workers at “OPTEL ceramics”
Pvt. Ltd. are as under:
· For Factor:-
To main a personnel record of workers OPTEL
ceramics followed a curd system their system is for
workers not for staff each worker is given a curd. Worker
has to deposit their curd to supervision completion of the
work; they have to collect it back from the supervisor.
36

37. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS & SERVICES
The company offer their best level benefits to its
employee at par with the industrial standard. Beside
standard benefits, the promoters of the company assist
their best level to the employee in any crisis like situation
by providing those loans & allowances.
· Statutory welfare measure:-
Company distributes sweets & other establish on
the festival like Diwali, Dashera etc.
· Bonus:-
10% extra bonus is provided to the workers.
· Loan Facilities:-
Loan is provided to the employees, where in need.
They aren’t charged any type of interest on the loan.
Loan is provided for the education marriage and in
other emergency condition.
37

38. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Marketing Manager
In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd, the marketing officer
is Mr. Vallbhbhai, who fully responsible for the
accomplishment of the goods of the marketing
Department.
Marketing department has to perform various
functions right from production to sales.
38
Adv + Research
Officers Sales Officers Sales Promotion Export Manager
Clerks Clerks

39. PRODUCTION POLICY
In OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. following steps are
followed in product planning.
1) Market price & Sale price.
2) Demand of particular goods.
3) Cost of production.
4) Necessity & aim of company.
39

40. PRICING POLICY
Price is a critical marketing tool. Price is very
important for the firm because it directly affect the unit’s
supply & profitability of the company. It is the amount of
money that customers have to pay for purchasing given
product.
They give credit facility to dealers of 30 days price
is set after consideration taxes too they consider all their
taxes before pricing the product.
40

41. 41

42. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
It the field of marketing, channels of distribution
indicates routes or pathways through which goods and
services flow, or move from producers to consumers.
The route or channel in includes both the manufactures
and the ultimate consumers as well as all interrelated
and we have the total distribution system which is
responsible for distribution of goods or services in order
to satisfy consumer needs or desires.
OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd distribution channel is
as under.
Distribution Patten / channel
Manufacturing of company
Distribution / Dealers
Sub dealer / Retailer
End user
42

43. MARKET SEGMANTATION
Definition:-
Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers
with different needs or OPTEL ceramics pvt, ltd. has
maid market segmentation on two main ways.
1. Geographical segmentation:-
I) Local Market:-
This segment includes all the cities & towns of
saurashtra hawing potential market for the company.
II) National Market
This segment includes the widespread market in
various state of India such as Gujarat, Punjab & all over
India.
2. Product wise Segmentation:-
The firm is engaged in production of various
products such as matt floor tiles, Glossy floor tiles, and
satin matt floor tiles with a different size of tiles. Market
is
first divided; on the basic of product is demand on a
particular part of market.
43

44. MARKET RESEARCH
Following are some of the details collected for
market research.
1) Size of market
2) Analysis of market demand
3) Ratio of competition
4) Marketing segmentation on the basic of income,
education, age, nationality.
5) Opinion of customer & dealers.
44

45. I) Local Advertising:-
The company does advertisings in the local or
circulation by give pamplates to its consumers, by wall
paintings, news paper and magazines and by arranging
exhibition of the different products.
II) National Advertising:-
The company does advertising at national level by
advertising in magazines likes’ ceramics world, through
radio and by the dealer of all over India.
45

46. COMPETITORS & SUPLLIERS
Competitor:-
As OPTEL ceramics pvt, ltd. has very wide
marketing area it is bur obvious that it will also have
some competitors in this field. The main competitors are
as follows.
Main Competitors
Suppliers:-
The company is very large & well organized. The
countries where the unit deals in are:
· Dubai
· Africa
· Kenya
· U.S.A
· Maramaskar
· ShriLanka
46
Unorganized
Sector
Organized
Sector
Local
Companies
1) Johnson 2)Kajaria
3) Nitco

47. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Directors
OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. the chief accountant
performs the duties & finance manager. The finance
manager prepares periodic occasional report about the
finance & presents the same before the managing
director which help the MD in making necessary finance
related decisions.
47
Account
Department
Chief
Accountant
Assistant
Accountant
Computer
Section

48. FINANCE PLANNING
Finance planning is the process estimating the
requirement of finance & arranging the same from the
best available sources for a specific time period or for a
particular time. The finance relates more to monetary
issues & the same is very important with the planned
would apparently result better profitability.
I) Short Term plans:-
The short term plan of OPTEL ceramic pvt. Ltd. Is
to reduce the production cost & improve the
transportation facility.
II) Long Term Plans:-
Long term plan of OPTEL ceramic pvt. Ltd. Is to
cover whole international market & becomes most
successful company in international market.
48

49. CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Finance manager should try for optimal structure
for the company & it is achieved when the value of the
shares is highest the cost of capital is minimum so that
board of director finance manager both should crate
satiable capital structure.
49

50. MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL
Working capital management is concerned with
the problem that arises in attempting to manage the
current assets, current liabilities & the interrelationship
that exists between them. The term current assets refer
to those assets which in the ordinary course in cash
within one year without under going a domination in
value & without disrupting the operation of the firm.
50

51. MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS
Capital budgeting decision pertains to fixed or long
term assets, which by definition refers to “Assets which
in operation & field a return over a period of time usually
exceeding one year. The management of fixed assets is
known as capital budgeting.
Thus capital expenditure management includes
addition disposition modification replacement of fixed
assets. The fixed assets are the true earning of the firm.
51

52. 52

53. SWOT ANALYSIS MEANS
53
S
T
R
E
N
G
T
H
W
E
A
K
N
E
S
S
T
H
R
E
A
T
S
O
P
P
O
R
T
U
N
I
T
Y

54. SWOT Analysis are as under:-
1) Strength:-
- Proper channel of distribution.
- Efficient staff and sound management system.
- Financial position is good.
- Development rural area to reach at global
position.
- In this company all the worker handle by the
professionals
2) Weakness:-
The company has very appreciatable management
at all levels. So there are no weak points in the
company.
3) Opportunity:-
- Rapid & continuous growth in the Market, so
company has thus better opportunity in the export
market.
- Quick changes in the market are adopted by
them develop it & give to the market.
4) Threats:-
54

55. - Government Policy
- International Market
55

56. 56

57. FUTURE PLANE
OPTEL group has already started a new project
which is under contraction.
They have started project on rustic series floor tiles
for the purpose of manufacturing this tiles. They are
using latest technology & machineries imported form
Italy.
57

58. 58

59. 59

60. CONCLUSION
OPTEL Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. is a very reputed
company achievement success in the path of ceramics
world.
With wide range of market, & other machineries
OPTEL ceramic pvt, ltd. has a good monopolistic
position having effective Management. The all over
performance of administrator executive & worker is
good.
Sound management system with owner’s personal
super vision has resulted into a reputation for profession
& high ethical standard in its business dealings.
It can be concluded that the unit make of semi-automatic
machine in the production process at the
same time; labour force is also engaged in the
production process.
60

61. 61

62. BIBLIOGRPHY
I have studies following reference books during the
reparation of project.
Principles of Management - This information is
collect from company’s profile &visit.
Marketing Management - This department is
writes from the web-site of :- www.optelceramic.com
By Philip Katler & Gram Armstrong.
Financial Management - This information
is collect from the company’s report and in where to
write alteration in report.
Personal Management - This
information is collected from reference book & through
the Vallabhbhai (personnel manager).
62