The document discusses various operations that can be performed on a lathe machine including turning, facing, parting, form turning, groove turning, drilling, boring, knurling, thread cutting, and taper turning. It also covers operation conditions like speed, feed, and depth of cut. The key operations covered are turning to reduce diameter, facing to reduce length, parting to make a workpiece into two pieces, and taper turning which uses simultaneous longitudinal and cross feeds.