The document defines a computer system and its components, including hardware like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices, as well as software like the operating system and applications. It describes the operating system as software that manages computer hardware and software resources, provides various services to users and applications, and discusses its functions like process management, memory management, and file system management. Finally, it outlines future trends in computer systems such as cloud computing, quantum computing, and edge computing.

1. Operating System
Topic - Computer Systems

2. 1. INTRODUCTION
Definition of Computer System
A computer system is a combination of hardware and software
components that work together to perform tasks and process
information.
Components of a computer system
It consists of hardware components like the CPU, memory,
storage devices, input/output devices, as well as software
components including the operating system and applications.

3. 2:Hardware Components
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer
that executes instructions.
Memory (RAM and ROM): RAM for temporary data storage,
ROM for firmware and permanent storage.
Storage devices (Hard Drive, SSD): Storing data and
programs.
Input devices (Keyboard, Mouse): Entering data into the
computer.
Output devices (Monitor, Printer): Displaying and producing
output.

4. 3: SoftwareComponents
Operating System (OS): Manages hardware and software
resources, provides user interface.
Application Software: Programs that perform specific tasks
(e.g., word processors, games).
System Software: Supports OS functionality (e.g., drivers,
utilities).

5. 4: OperatingSystem
Definition and purpose: The software that manages
computer hardware and software resources and
provides various services to users and applications.
Types of operating systems: Windows, macOS, Linux,
Unix.

6. 5: Functionsof an OperatingSystem
Process management: Manages processes and their execution.
Memory management: Allocates and manages memory
resources.
File system management: Organizes and manages files on
storage devices.
Device management: Controls and coordinates input and
output devices

7. 6: Boot Process
- BIOS/UEFI: Firmware that initializes hardware components during boot-up.
- Bootloader: Small program that loads the operating system kernel.
- Kernel loading: Loading the core of the operating system into memory.

8. 7: Interactionwith the OS
Command Line Interface (CLI): Text-based interaction
with the OS.
Graphical User Interface (GUI): Visual interaction with
the OS using icons and windows.

9. 8: FileSystems
Definition and purpose:
A file system is a process of managing how and where data
on a storage disk, which is also referred to as file
management or FS. It is a logical disk component that
compresses files separated into groups, which is known as
directories.
Examples of file systems:
FAT for compatibility, NTFS for advanced features, ext4 for
Linux.

10. 9:Virtualizationand Emulation
- Virtual machines (VMs): Run multiple OS instances on
a single physical machine.
- Emulators: Simulate hardware to run software
designed for a different platform.

11. 10:SystemSecurity
- User authentication: Verifying user identities before
granting access.
- Antivirus software: Detects and removes malware
from the system.
- Firewalls: Protects the system from unauthorized
network access.

12. 11.SystemMaintenanceandOptimization
- Updates and patches: Keep the OS and software up
to date.
- Disk cleanup and defragmentation: Organizes and
optimizes storage.
- Performance monitoring: Analyzes system
performance and resource usage.

13. 12.FutureTrendsinComputerSystems
- Cloud computing: Accessing
resources and services over the
internet.
- Quantum computing: Using
quantum bits (qubits) for advanced
processing.
Edge computing: Processing data
closer to the source for reduced
latency.

14. Thank You..!!