The document discusses the challenges and solutions of IT efficiency, focusing on Ubuntu OpenStack and its provisioning options using MAAS, Ironic, and other tools. It highlights the scalable architecture of MAAS, orchestration capabilities of Juju, and ongoing support for OpenStack across different Ubuntu releases. Additionally, it provides insights into large-scale deployments, case studies, and the importance of automation and efficiency in cloud infrastructure.

2. Agenda
● Challenges of IT efficiency
● Ubuntu OpenStack
● Ubuntu 14.04 new features

3. Thought for the day:
Facebook took 10 years and several $100M to scale
to 1B users.
The next 2 web apps to scale to 1B users will do so in
under 3 years on seed funding with <100 employees
What do you think smart infrastructure looks like?

4. You Google

5. Efficiency?
PUE & DCiE: Efficiency of power
delivery
Silicon
efficiency:
Reduction of power bill
Space
efficiency:
Reduction of space bill

6. Efficiency

7. Automated scale out is the key to helping you be
more like Google

8. OpenStack: The kernel of “Linux at scale”
Applications
Memory
Disk
CPUs
Kernel

9. OpenStack: The kernel of “Linux at scale”
hundreds, or thousands, of servers
Applications
Memory
Disk
CPUs
OpenStack

10. Bare metal provisioning
Options:
● MAAS
● Ironic
● Razor
● Custom hacks with a lot of scripting
Challenge #1

11. Lets use MAAS to provision systems and build
an OpenStack cloud
Demo…...

12. 1 2 3
Rapid provisioning at cloud scale
3-step provisioning process
Install MAAS
on first server
Discover
Nodes
Power on
Nodes
Automatically discover nodes
Enlist nodes via PXE boot
or manually enter MAC addresses
Hypervisor or OS
provisioned automatically

13. 1
2
3
Hardware provisioning workflow
Enlistment
Commissionin
g
Provisioning
DHCP boot in an ephemeral environment
Register with cluster controller
Adds temporary IPMI MAAS credentials to BMC
Boot in a ephemeral environment
Hardware inventoried
Permanent IPMI MAAS credentials set in BMC
Other user-commissioning actions
(firmware configuration, smoke tests, etc.)
Happens when a node is requested
Installs requested Ubuntu version

14. MAAS Architecture is Highly Scalable
CLUSTER
CONTROLLER
TFTP
(PXE)
DHCP
CLUSTER
NODES
CLUSTER
CONTROLLER
TFTP
(PXE)
DHCP
CLUSTER
NODES
REGION
CONTROLLER
Highly available
WEB UI API
Cross data centres
provisioning and visibility
Controllers deployment
in HA mode
Supports cluster grouping constructs to
provide visibility into large pools of hardware
API and UI interfaces
Landscape Integration to deliver role-based
access controls, higher level view

15. Large Asian company building public cloud
1000+ nodes split across 3 availability zones
Ubuntu 12.04.1, Ubuntu 12.04.4
MAAS via IPMI and Intel AMT
Challenges with AMT using shared network interface
Extensive testing of backup/recovery of MAAS across availability zones

16. Ironic
Started May 2013
Development of nova barmetal driver
100% focused on baremetal provisioning for OpenStack
Uses Ironic API to talk to Nova
Ironic Conductor talks with Neutron, glance, cinder etc..
Ironic conductor talks to physical infrastructure
Supports 3 driver models today - PXE, IPMI, SSH
Lacking auto discovery atm.
Used by HP but little outside of that for time being.

17. Razor
Produced by Puppet labs and EMC
Auto discovery supported
tight integration with Puppet
image based deployment
Good docs on using with OpenStack

18. Most OpenStack clouds use Ubuntu
Source:
Official OpenStack Survey 2013

19. Infrastructure Plug-ins
OpenStack Abstraction Layer
Compute Networking Storage
OpenStack APIDashboard
(UI)
OpenStack
Common Services
Keystone
+
Glance
VM VM VM VM VM VM VM
VMVMVMVMVMVMVM

20. Integration with existing clouds
OpenStack Deployment vSphere Deployment
OpenStack
Nova
Official support for
ESXi connector
jointly delivered
with VMware
Nova Controller
for ESXi
View both OpenStack and vSphere
hosted guests on single pane of
glass using Landscape

21. OpenStack Interoperability Lab tested
Understanding interoperability and performance
Ubuntu OpenStack
Cloud Installer
Continuous
Integration
Ubuntu OpenStack
Cloud Archive
Interoperability
testing

22. Multiple Data Center Management
New York
Data Center
London
Data Center
Multiple datacenter coverage
Import workloads to OpenStack
Scale out
High Availability
Compliance & governance
Single Pane of Glass coverage
Web UI compatible with mobile
OpenStack-aware Management
Role based Access Controls
API Automation & 3rd-party integration

23. Ubuntu & Openstack Support in 14.04
12.04 12.10 13.04 13.10 14.04 14.10 15.04 15.10 16.04 16.10 17.04
Long Term
release support
Matching OpenStack
release support
Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
ESSEX
FOLSOM
GRIZZLY
HAVANA
ICEHOUSE
ICEHOUSE
M
...
5 yrs
5 yrs
18 mo
18 mo
18 mo
36 mo
5 yrs
5 yrs
18 mo
36 mo
5 yrs
5 yrs
...
18 moJ
K
L
M
18 mo
J 18 moOpenStack IceHouse on 14.04
Industry first 5 year supported
version of OpenStack
Icehouse will be supported in
12.04 as well

24. Supporting OpenStack
35% of our support workload relates to cloud
Currently 100s of tickets per month
Since Jan 1st - March 19
● 92 Bugs closed
● 99 New bugs opened
Note: Over 25% of support is hardcore server

25. Case Study - Large European Carrier
Building large self service app store for mid size
businesses
Using Ceph for Block and object storage
Using MAAS for hardware provisioning, Chef for config
Considering Juju but super strict security requirements
are challenging

26. Deploying services
Options:
● Juju
● Heat
● Cloudify
● more and more coming each day
Challenge #2

27. The best solution to orchestrate your services
Juju
Ease of provisioning
Pluggable provisioning backend, from
local machines to large clouds
Event-based
React to changes in environment,
self configuring
Scalable
Templates designed to scale
by adding more units
Language independance
Hooks can be written in any language

28. Bundle charms and instantly deploy these solutions
Charms package services
Service definition Instant deployment
Encapsulate application
configurations
Define service
scalability hooks
Define service
deployment
1
2
3
Deploy services
$ juju deploy wordpress
$ juju deploy mysql
Create relationships
$ juju add-relation wordpress mysql
Expose app to the outside world
$ juju expose wordpress
Scale the application
$ juju add-unit -n 5 wordpress

29. Hundreds of charms are available today
A growing Charm ecosystem
Charms are rated and reviewed
for quality assurance
Drag and drop Charms
to create services
Support for private and
mixed mode Charm store
Publicly available Charm Store
...

30. Juju GUI Store
Configure and manage your services

31. Configure your application
and deploy it on the platform of your choice
Baremetal
Linux
Containers
VMs on Private
or Public Clouds
VM
VM
LXC
LXC

32. Juju Architecture
Juju Client
(HTML5, UI, CLI)
Juju State Server (in HA mode)
Deployment Environment
Provisioning
Server
API Server
Provisioning
Server
API Server
Mongo Mongo
Compute Instance Compute
LXCWorkloadJuju Agent LXC
KVM
Juju Agent
Workload

33. Heat
Fast growing OpenStack only orchestration
Now part of OpenStack core
Uses AWS Cloudforms templates
Still some way to go from a stability POV

34. Cloudify
Cloud independent orchestration
● AWS, Azure, HP Cloud, Rackspace
Majors on monitoring
Now starting to push hard down the
OpenStack path

35. Ubuntu 14.04:
April 17th 2015

36. Ubuntu 14.04 new features
● 3.13 Kernel:
○ Intel Broadwell support (14nm)
○ Multi-queue block later for improved SSD
performance
○ NFTables (replacement to IPTables)
○ Linux power capping framework

37. Ubuntu 14.04 new features
● qemu 2.0
● libvirt 1.2
● MySQL 5.5
● PHP 5.5
● XFS support
● Ceph Firefly support
● Docker support in main

38. Mark Baker
Mark.baker@canonical.com