The document discusses simulation approaches for smart energy grids. It describes the SESA-Lab simulation platform, which uses the mosaik framework to automate composition and execution of heterogeneous energy models in real-time. This allows testing of smart grid systems and components without expensive field testing. Future work aims to improve integration between real-time simulators like Opal-RT's eMEGAsim and modeling tools like Matlab/Simulink for increased simulation accuracy and flexibility.

1. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
Dr. Sebastian Rohjans
OFFIS – Institute for Information
Technology

2. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
THE SMART ENERGY
SIMULATION AND
AUTOMATION LAB (SESA)

3. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
Future Energy Systems
 Integration of high numbers of active components into control systems
 Supply-dependent and uncertainty about forecasts
 Automated operational optimization required
LV LV
MV

4. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
ManagingComplexity
Smart Grids are
complex systems
Field Testing:
 Expensive
 Inflexible
 Dangerous
Simulation

5. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
Simulation of Smart Energy Systems
 Suitable
consideration of all
facets is essential!
 Formal analysis
vs. simulation
 Integration of
heterogeneous
models and
simulators
1° at 50 Hz1 cycle1 second1 minute1 hour1 day
Partial Differential Equations (PDE)
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE)
Algebraic Equations/Phasors (AE)
Discrete Automata (DA)
Time Series (TS)
Probability Density Functions (PDF)
Static Rules/Descriptions (SR)
V
Hz
computational expense
based on the
model representation
„trusted“
„untrusted“
Model Representations

6. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
Simulation of Smart Energy Systems (cont`d)
 Use case specific „functional“ combination
 Simplified discrete models
 High-precision (dynamic) models
 Automated composition and orchestration of heterogeneous
models in dependence of
 Availability of models
 Availability of time
 Availability of budget
 Inspected matter
 Assessing the quality of conducted experiments
 Systematic „errors“
 Statistical significance
 A recurring process!
MS
MS
MS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS

7. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
SESA-Lab
Hard- and Software Integration Platform
Real-Time Automation Lab
(University of Oldenburg)
Co-Simulation Platform
(OFFIS – Institute for InformationTechnology)

8. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
mosaik
mosaik – Modular Smart Grid Co-Simulation
 Automated composition and orchestration of heterogeneous
energy system models
 Flexible mosaik-API for simulators, control strategies (MAS), etc.
 Powerful description language for scenarios (rule-based
instantiation and linking of models)
 Smart Grid reference model

9. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
mosaik
Example Scenario
# Starting Simulators
pypower = start('PyPower')
hhsim = start('HouseholdSim')
pvsim = start('CSV')
# Instantiating models
grid = pypower.Grid(gridfile=GRID_FILE)
houses = hhsim.ResidentialLoads(
profile_file=PROFILE_FILE)
pvs = pvsim.PV.create(20)
# Connecting Entities
connect_by_node_id(houses, grid)
connect_randomly(pvs, grid.filter_name('node_*'))

10. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
mosaik
mosaik – Modular Smart Grid Co-Simulation
 Automated composition and orchestration of heterogeneous
energy system models
 Flexible mosaik-API for simulators, control strategies (MAS), etc.
 Powerful description language for scenarios (rule-based
instantiation and linking of models)
 Smart Grid reference model
 Event-based simulation (coordinated execution and data exchange)
 After a testing phase with international partners it is now available
as Open Source Software (http://mosaik.offis.de)

11. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
SESA-Lab
Hard- and Software Integration Platform
Real-Time Automation Lab
(University of Oldenburg)
Co-Simulation Platform
(OFFIS – Institute for InformationTechnology)

12. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
SESA-Lab
Topology Independent Linking and Allocation
of I/O (analog and digital)
...
VPN Gateway Router/Firewall
Internet
HERO Cluster
(High-End Computing Resource Oldenburg)
25 (max. 100) Sessions @ 1Gbit/s
...
...
6xBECKHOFF CX2020RT-Device-Targets
Component Models
Agents
Controller
18x
Communication Simulation
D/A
EtherCAT
Ethernet
96x Ports
48x Ports
I/O-Switch
Station Displays
Switching State
Utilization
LabView
Console
2x6x CPUs @ 2,6 GHz
Virtualization Server
mosaik-Simulation
Development Environment
License Server
Control Station
SCADA
IEC 60870
IEC61850UMLCIM(61970/61968)
OPCUA(62541)
Standard-compliant
Information- and
Process Chain
Protocol Switch
18x
6x Cores (~140 Nodes)
...
Station Computer
Control System
Protection System
Component Models
Agents
Controller
3xBECKHOFF C6920
D/A
D/A
Projected Extensions
(2014-2016)
RT-Grid-Target
Power Grid Models
Component Models
3x Cores (~70 Nodes)
OPAL-RT eMEGAsim

13. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
SESA-Lab
Hard- and Software Integration Platform
Highly
dynamic
Steady
State
Opal-RT eMEGAsim
Real-time simulator
Models created with Matlab/Simulink

14. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
FirstTests eMEGAsim
SimPowerSystems
mm

15. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
FirstTests eMEGAsim
SimPowerSystems
m
Ueff
Ieff
PLoad
PGeneration
Wait for
real time

16. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
Coupling Requirements
 Real-time
 Continuous
 μs resolution
 Transients
 Time domain
 Harmonics
 Simulation time
 Discrete event
 sec resolution
 Frequency domain
Tool A (eMEGAsim) Tool B (mosaik)
Latency handling
A B
Real-time!Information
exchange!
fft,
wavelets,
ML?
Loss handling
Accuracy!
A B
Uncertainty
quantification
Effectivity!
A ! B
Scheduling

17. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
Future Developments
 SimPowerSystems instead of Simscape
 Interfacing between SPS and Simulink
 General approach for RT scenario component
 Event identification for dynamic simulation
 Dynamic real-time scheduling
 Framework for global uncertainty quantification

18. The 7th International Conference
on Real-Time Simulation Technologies
Montreal | 9-12 June, 2014
Summary
 Transition towards Smart Grids implies significant changes in the overall
energy system’s architecture and infrastructure
 Continuously increasing level of the system’s complexity
 For managing, analyzing, and understanding this novel Smart Grid
system, simulation approaches have to be adopted
 Although different approach already exist, most of them are still
developed for a certain purpose and do not follow a modular,
composable and integrative approach
 However, as Smart Grid simulation is a highly interdisciplinary field of
application, simulation suites (tools) should fill this gap