Interactive and Digital Marketing 
5th of December 2014 
Online consumer 
behaviour 
Dr Lukasz Piwek
AVERAGE SPEND FOR XMAS GIFTS IN UK (2014) 
£350 
highest in European Union
PROPORTION OF CONSUMERS 
PUT IN DEBT AFTER LAST XMAS IN UK (2014) 
14% 
second highest in European Union (average 9%)
ibtimes.co.uk
vs 
vs 
vs
(Wiseman, 2007) 
RESOLUTIONS ENDING IN FAILURE 
88%
resisting temptation ! 
takes considerable effort and energy! 
and after some time ! 
our capacity to resist is exhausted! 
leading to 
ego depletion 
(Baumaister et al, 1998)
complexity of consumer decisions ! 
can result in ego depletion! 
depleted consumers ! 
are more likely to become passive! 
and make more impulsive decisions ! 
that may not fall in line with their true values 
Baumaister et al (2005)
if you’re ego depleted! 
you’re more likely to be ! 
selfish! 
use sexist language! 
make superficial judgements 
Muraven et al (2003) 
Baumaister et al (2005) 
Gaillot et al (2007)
judges grant more parole ! 
in the morning ! 
and just after lunchtime 
Danziger et al (2011)
fox.com
behaviour economics 
with quick introduction to:! 
ego depletion! 
dual process theory! 
priming! 
illusion of validity
behaviour economics 
“we are not always rational, ! 
and we often make mistakes”! 
we are susceptible to influences! 
from our immediate environment,! 
irrelevant emotions, stereotypes,! 
beliefs, norms, and many other factors
wordpressphoto.org
13 x 24
system 1 
system 2 
automatic & unconscious 
rapid & low effort 
recognition, perception, orientation 
nonverbal 
control & conscious 
slow & high effort 
rule following, comparison 
complex computations 
linked to language 
13 x 24 
Dual process theory 
Stanovich & West (2000)
priming 
implicit (automatic) memory effect ! 
in which exposure to one stimulus! 
influences a response ! 
to another stimulus
florida! 
forgetful! 
bald! 
gray! 
wrinkles 
exercising! 
rapidly! 
send! 
typical! 
clears 
Bargh et al. (2000)
priming people with money! 
makes them more selfish 
Vochs (2006)
support to increase ! 
funding for schools ! 
is higher ! 
if voting takes place in schools 
Berger et al. (2008)
people litter less in the train! 
if there is a smell ! 
of cleaning product 
De Lange et al (2012)
women who were exposed ! 
to flowers! 
perceived the man! 
to be more attractive! 
and sexier 
Gueguen (2011)
more donation made ! 
when word ‘love’! 
was added to message 
Gueguen (2011)
children consumed ! 
45% more food ! 
when exposed to ! 
food advertising in cartoons 
Harris et al (2009)
illusion of validity 
or illusion of skill 
with example being! 
stock traders
shares sold by traders! 
did better ! 
than those they bought! 
by 3.2% per year 
Barber & Odean (2002) 
based on 10,000 accounts 
and 163,000 stock trades
most active traders ! 
had poorest results, ! 
while the investors ! 
who traded the least ! 
earned the highest returns 
Barber & Odean (2002) 
Trading is Hazardous to your Wealth
the men acted ! 
on their useless ideas for trading! 
significantly more often ! 
than women, ! 
and as a consequence ! 
women achieved ! 
better results in trading ! 
than men 
Barber & Odean (2006) 
Boys Will Be Boys 
rifenews.com
online consumption 
changed our habits in 
entertainment 
shopping! 
travel! 
work
mobile! 
is the new ! 
shop window
(2013) 
NUMBER OF CONSUMERS USING THEIR 
SMARTPHONE WHILE SHOPPING IN-STORE 
70% 
(2012) 
NUMBER OF CONSUMERS WHO CALL OR VISIT 
A BUSINESS AFTER LOOKING FOR LOCAL INFO 
ON THEIR PHONE 
77%
consumers! 
co-create! 
advertising! 
and branding
(2014) 
MORE VIDEOS UPLOADED TO 
every 60 days 
than the top three broadcasters produced 
in 60 years 
(2012) 
ONLINE VIDEO ADS RECEIVED 
18.3% 
more viewer attention than TV commercials
digital traces of! 
online behaviour! 
search! 
click! 
view! 
like! 
share! 
follow! 
save
FOR $27* YOU CAN BUY 
250 
1000 
5000 
likes 
followers 
views 
*boostlikes.com (2014)
TOP 10 ONLINE RETAILERS 
in UK, according to D&W (2014)
Value of goods sold 
in the last quarter of 2012 
$150 bln + 
$160 bln 
kbcb.com (2013)
physical retail! 
is very alive! 
and kicking 
retaileconomics.co.uk (2014)
CONVERSION RATES FROM GOING TO REAL STORE 
TO BUYING SOMETHING 
20% in fashion 
50% in electronics 
95% in groceries 
Experian (2014)
CONVERSION RATES FROM GOING TO WEBSITE 
TO BUYING SOMETHING 
1-5% 
Experian (2014)
AVERAGE NUMBER OF ONLINE CUSTOMERS 
WHO ABANDON THEIR SHOPPING CART 
68% 
Experian (2014)
online/offline split! 
no longer matters
online experience in offline retail 
Apple
online experience in offline retail 
Burberry
digital payment models
The amount it costs 
the United States Mint 
to produce 1 cent coin 
1.6 cents 
US Mint (2014)
wearable technology! 
augmented reality 
blippar.com
wearable technology! 
augmented reality 
blippar.com
new delivery models 
DHL
consumer “data science”
other innovations! 
augmented packaging! 
intelligent displays and shelves! 
radical transparency! 
online viral advertising! 
consumer-driven advertising! 
crowdfunding
examples of persuasive messages! 
in campus ! 
or on your favourite websites! 
twit image and description to 
@motioninsocial 
or e-mail to 
lukasz.piwek@uwe.ac.uk
online! 
persuasion ! 
strategies 
with examples related to! 
Cialdini’s social influence! 
Fogg’s persuasive technology
judgement heuristics! 
are mental shortcuts! 
we employ in making! 
our everyday judgements 
Kahneman et al (1982)
scarcity a perceived limitation of resources 
will generate demand 
scarce items are perceived as ! 
higher in value! 
and more attractive ! 
especially if we compete for them 
Ashmore et al (1971) 
Worchel (1992) 
Cialdini (2001)
metro.co.uk
ibtimes.co.uk
scarcity a perceived limitation of resources 
Ashmore et al (1971) 
Worchel (1992) 
will generate demand 
example! 
nightclub queue! 
“deadline tactic”
scarcity a perceived limitation of resources 
will generate demand
reciprocity people tend to return a favour 
we may feel in debt ! 
by getting uninvited favour ! 
small initial favour ! 
can produce obligation to agree ! 
to much larger return favour 
Pease & Gilin (2000)
reciprocity people tend to return a favour 
examples! 
mail appeal for donation:! 
18% success - mail only! 
35% success - mail + gift! 
free sample in supermarket 
Cialdini (2001) 
Wasko et al (2005)
reciprocity people tend to return a favour
Amount Twitter makes each 
time you look at your feed 
$0.0008
reciprocity people tend to return a favour
commitment! 
consistency 
people don’t like to be 
self-contradictory 
example! 
“throwing a low-ball” in car sales! 
by adding “surprise” costs ! 
at the end of transaction ! 
after initial agreements,! 
and test drives 
Cialdini (2001)
commitment! 
consistency 
people don’t like to be 
self-contradictory
social proof people will be more open to things 
example! 
“canned laughter” in a comedy! 
makes audience ! 
laugh longer and more often,! 
rate material as funnier! 
especially effective for poor jokes! 
bystander effect 
Provine (2000) 
they see others doing 
Nosanchuk & Lightstone (1974) 
Darley & Lantane (1968)
social proof people will be more open to things 
they see others doing
Average industry profit 
per commercial-flight passenger 
$4
liking people are more easily swayed 
by people they like 
attractiveness! 
attractive individuals are perceived as 
talented, kind, honest, intelligent! 
similarity! 
even small similarities! 
produce positive impression! 
compliments! 
good cop/bad cop 
Langlois et al (2000) 
Berscheider & Walster (1978)
liking people are more easily swayed 
by people they like
personalised & timed 
suggestions
personalised & timed 
suggestions
personalised & timed 
suggestions 
scarcity
one-click choice 
easy commitment! 
reduction & simplifying! 
higher motivation to engage! 
reduced cognitive effort! 
quicker goal achievement ! 
& quick decision ! 
can be rewarding! 
(but also regrettable) 
Fogg (1998) 
Bandura (1997) 
Desphande et al (1983)
thank you 
lukasz.piwek@uwe.ac.uk 
@motioninsocial 
get those slides on 
motioninsocial.com/consumer

Online Consumer Behaviour

  • 1.
    Interactive and DigitalMarketing 5th of December 2014 Online consumer behaviour Dr Lukasz Piwek
  • 2.
    AVERAGE SPEND FORXMAS GIFTS IN UK (2014) £350 highest in European Union
  • 3.
    PROPORTION OF CONSUMERS PUT IN DEBT AFTER LAST XMAS IN UK (2014) 14% second highest in European Union (average 9%)
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
    (Wiseman, 2007) RESOLUTIONSENDING IN FAILURE 88%
  • 7.
    resisting temptation ! takes considerable effort and energy! and after some time ! our capacity to resist is exhausted! leading to ego depletion (Baumaister et al, 1998)
  • 9.
    complexity of consumerdecisions ! can result in ego depletion! depleted consumers ! are more likely to become passive! and make more impulsive decisions ! that may not fall in line with their true values Baumaister et al (2005)
  • 10.
    if you’re egodepleted! you’re more likely to be ! selfish! use sexist language! make superficial judgements Muraven et al (2003) Baumaister et al (2005) Gaillot et al (2007)
  • 11.
    judges grant moreparole ! in the morning ! and just after lunchtime Danziger et al (2011)
  • 12.
  • 13.
    behaviour economics withquick introduction to:! ego depletion! dual process theory! priming! illusion of validity
  • 14.
    behaviour economics “weare not always rational, ! and we often make mistakes”! we are susceptible to influences! from our immediate environment,! irrelevant emotions, stereotypes,! beliefs, norms, and many other factors
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
    system 1 system2 automatic & unconscious rapid & low effort recognition, perception, orientation nonverbal control & conscious slow & high effort rule following, comparison complex computations linked to language 13 x 24 Dual process theory Stanovich & West (2000)
  • 18.
    priming implicit (automatic)memory effect ! in which exposure to one stimulus! influences a response ! to another stimulus
  • 19.
    florida! forgetful! bald! gray! wrinkles exercising! rapidly! send! typical! clears Bargh et al. (2000)
  • 20.
    priming people withmoney! makes them more selfish Vochs (2006)
  • 21.
    support to increase! funding for schools ! is higher ! if voting takes place in schools Berger et al. (2008)
  • 22.
    people litter lessin the train! if there is a smell ! of cleaning product De Lange et al (2012)
  • 23.
    women who wereexposed ! to flowers! perceived the man! to be more attractive! and sexier Gueguen (2011)
  • 24.
    more donation made! when word ‘love’! was added to message Gueguen (2011)
  • 25.
    children consumed ! 45% more food ! when exposed to ! food advertising in cartoons Harris et al (2009)
  • 26.
    illusion of validity or illusion of skill with example being! stock traders
  • 27.
    shares sold bytraders! did better ! than those they bought! by 3.2% per year Barber & Odean (2002) based on 10,000 accounts and 163,000 stock trades
  • 28.
    most active traders! had poorest results, ! while the investors ! who traded the least ! earned the highest returns Barber & Odean (2002) Trading is Hazardous to your Wealth
  • 29.
    the men acted! on their useless ideas for trading! significantly more often ! than women, ! and as a consequence ! women achieved ! better results in trading ! than men Barber & Odean (2006) Boys Will Be Boys rifenews.com
  • 31.
    online consumption changedour habits in entertainment shopping! travel! work
  • 32.
    mobile! is thenew ! shop window
  • 33.
    (2013) NUMBER OFCONSUMERS USING THEIR SMARTPHONE WHILE SHOPPING IN-STORE 70% (2012) NUMBER OF CONSUMERS WHO CALL OR VISIT A BUSINESS AFTER LOOKING FOR LOCAL INFO ON THEIR PHONE 77%
  • 34.
  • 35.
    (2014) MORE VIDEOSUPLOADED TO every 60 days than the top three broadcasters produced in 60 years (2012) ONLINE VIDEO ADS RECEIVED 18.3% more viewer attention than TV commercials
  • 36.
    digital traces of! online behaviour! search! click! view! like! share! follow! save
  • 37.
    FOR $27* YOUCAN BUY 250 1000 5000 likes followers views *boostlikes.com (2014)
  • 38.
    TOP 10 ONLINERETAILERS in UK, according to D&W (2014)
  • 39.
    Value of goodssold in the last quarter of 2012 $150 bln + $160 bln kbcb.com (2013)
  • 40.
    physical retail! isvery alive! and kicking retaileconomics.co.uk (2014)
  • 41.
    CONVERSION RATES FROMGOING TO REAL STORE TO BUYING SOMETHING 20% in fashion 50% in electronics 95% in groceries Experian (2014)
  • 42.
    CONVERSION RATES FROMGOING TO WEBSITE TO BUYING SOMETHING 1-5% Experian (2014)
  • 43.
    AVERAGE NUMBER OFONLINE CUSTOMERS WHO ABANDON THEIR SHOPPING CART 68% Experian (2014)
  • 44.
  • 45.
    online experience inoffline retail Apple
  • 46.
    online experience inoffline retail Burberry
  • 47.
  • 48.
    The amount itcosts the United States Mint to produce 1 cent coin 1.6 cents US Mint (2014)
  • 49.
    wearable technology! augmentedreality blippar.com
  • 50.
    wearable technology! augmentedreality blippar.com
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
    other innovations! augmentedpackaging! intelligent displays and shelves! radical transparency! online viral advertising! consumer-driven advertising! crowdfunding
  • 54.
    examples of persuasivemessages! in campus ! or on your favourite websites! twit image and description to @motioninsocial or e-mail to lukasz.piwek@uwe.ac.uk
  • 55.
    online! persuasion ! strategies with examples related to! Cialdini’s social influence! Fogg’s persuasive technology
  • 56.
    judgement heuristics! aremental shortcuts! we employ in making! our everyday judgements Kahneman et al (1982)
  • 57.
    scarcity a perceivedlimitation of resources will generate demand scarce items are perceived as ! higher in value! and more attractive ! especially if we compete for them Ashmore et al (1971) Worchel (1992) Cialdini (2001)
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
    scarcity a perceivedlimitation of resources Ashmore et al (1971) Worchel (1992) will generate demand example! nightclub queue! “deadline tactic”
  • 61.
    scarcity a perceivedlimitation of resources will generate demand
  • 62.
    reciprocity people tendto return a favour we may feel in debt ! by getting uninvited favour ! small initial favour ! can produce obligation to agree ! to much larger return favour Pease & Gilin (2000)
  • 63.
    reciprocity people tendto return a favour examples! mail appeal for donation:! 18% success - mail only! 35% success - mail + gift! free sample in supermarket Cialdini (2001) Wasko et al (2005)
  • 64.
    reciprocity people tendto return a favour
  • 65.
    Amount Twitter makeseach time you look at your feed $0.0008
  • 66.
    reciprocity people tendto return a favour
  • 67.
    commitment! consistency peopledon’t like to be self-contradictory example! “throwing a low-ball” in car sales! by adding “surprise” costs ! at the end of transaction ! after initial agreements,! and test drives Cialdini (2001)
  • 68.
    commitment! consistency peopledon’t like to be self-contradictory
  • 69.
    social proof peoplewill be more open to things example! “canned laughter” in a comedy! makes audience ! laugh longer and more often,! rate material as funnier! especially effective for poor jokes! bystander effect Provine (2000) they see others doing Nosanchuk & Lightstone (1974) Darley & Lantane (1968)
  • 70.
    social proof peoplewill be more open to things they see others doing
  • 71.
    Average industry profit per commercial-flight passenger $4
  • 72.
    liking people aremore easily swayed by people they like attractiveness! attractive individuals are perceived as talented, kind, honest, intelligent! similarity! even small similarities! produce positive impression! compliments! good cop/bad cop Langlois et al (2000) Berscheider & Walster (1978)
  • 73.
    liking people aremore easily swayed by people they like
  • 74.
  • 75.
  • 76.
    personalised & timed suggestions scarcity
  • 77.
    one-click choice easycommitment! reduction & simplifying! higher motivation to engage! reduced cognitive effort! quicker goal achievement ! & quick decision ! can be rewarding! (but also regrettable) Fogg (1998) Bandura (1997) Desphande et al (1983)
  • 78.
    thank you lukasz.piwek@uwe.ac.uk @motioninsocial get those slides on motioninsocial.com/consumer