Transplanting rice seedlings at 12 days old with 2 seedlings per hill at a spacing of 25x25cm followed by integrated nutrient management and weeding resulted in better rice yields. The document details several experiments comparing different rice transplanting techniques and management practices, including the effects of transplanting age, seedling density, spacing, and weeding methods on yield and yield attributes. It found that the SRI method of 12 days old seedlings transplanted singly at 25x25cm spacing with mechanical weeding had the highest yields.

2. Transplanting of 12 days old, 2
seedlings/hill at a spacing of 25x25cm2
under Integrated nutrient management
followed by 3 across weeding by mandwa
weeder resulted in better output

4. •To determine relative contribution
of practices of SRI on yield
attributes and yield of crop
•To establish the coping
mechanism for late transplanting of
rice
•Documenting the action research
findings and disseminate among
various stakeholders including
farmers for wider replication of SRI

5. Partner org. Location Agro-climate zone
PRAGATI Koraput, Odisha Eastern Ghat Highland
SPWD Ranchi, Jharkhand Eastern Plateau and Hills
PRADAN Gaya, Bihar Alluvial Plains
PRADAN Raigarh, Chhatisgarh Chattisgarh Plains Zone

6. SL No Aspect of Research
No of
Replication
No of
Treatment
1
Contribution of each aspect on crop
yield
4 6
Late Planting Techniques
2
No of plants per hill X Age of
seedlings (AoS )
4 5
3
Spacing ( Sp) X Age of seedlings
(AoS )
4 5

7. Treatment
No.
Age of
Seedling
No. of seedlings
hill-1
Spacing Weeding
T1 12DAS 1 25x25cm2 2 times manual weeding
without weed incorporation
T2 12DAS 3 25x25cm2 3 times weed incorporation by
mechanical weeder.
T3 12DAS 1 20x15cm2 and three times weed
incorporation by mechanical
weeder
T4 25DAS 1 25x25cm2 three times weed incorporation
by mechanical weeder
T5 (SRI) 12DAS 1 25x25cm2 three times weed incorporation
by mechanical weeder
T6 (Conv.)
(Control)
25DAS 3 20x15cm2 2 times manual weeding
without weed incorporation
Lay out of design:
Replication-1 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Replication-2 T4 T5 T1 T6 T3 T2
Replication-3 T6 T3 T5 T2 T1 T4
Replication-4 T2 T1 T4 T5 T6 T3

8. Composition Range Ranchi Gaya Raigarh Koraput
pH
<7.0 (Acidic)
7.0 (Neutral)
>7.0 (Alkaline)
6.5-7.5 (Ideal for rice)
5.7 6.3 7.05
Organic
carbon (%)
<0.5 (Low)
0.5-0.75 (Medium)
>0.75 (High) 0.57 1.3 0.09
Available N
(kg/ha)
<250 kg ha-1 (Low)
250-500 kg ha-1 (Medium)
>500 kg ha-1 (High)
156.8 142.2 95
Available P2O5
(kg/ha)
<4 kg ha-1 (Very Low)
4-9 kg ha-1 (Low)
9-22 kg ha-1 (Medium)
22-35 kg ha-1 (High)
>35 kg ha-1 (Very High)
19.74 5.2 7.6
Available K2O
(kg/ha)
<118 kg ha-1 (Low)
118-280 kg ha-1 (Medium)
>280 kg ha-1 (High) 88.32 65 119

9. 0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Tillershill-1
Treatment
Til_15 Til_30 Til_45 Til_60
SRI
T1: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, manual weeding; T2: 12DAS, 3 seedlings/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechanical weeding;
T3: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 20x15 cm2, mechanical weeding; T4: 25DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechanical weeding;
T5: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechnical weeding; T5: 25DAS, 3 seedling/hill, 20x15 cm2, manual weeding

10. 27.69%
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
SRI T1 T2 T3 T4 Conv.
Numberm-2
Treatments
Tillers m-2 Panicles m-2
45.60%
14.26%
27.69%
20.80% 20.01%
60.50%
150.06%
107.23%
79.98%
68.39%
T1: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, manual weeding; T2: 12DAS, 3 seedlings/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechanical weeding;
T3: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 20x15 cm2, mechanical weeding; T4: 25DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechanical weeding;
T5: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechnical weeding; T5: 25DAS, 3 seedling/hill, 20x15 cm2, manual weeding

11. 0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
SRI T1 T2 T3 T4 Conv.
Grainyield(tha-1)
Treatments
35.11%
68.09%
24.47%
8.78%
17.82%
T1: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, manual weeding; T2: 12DAS, 3 seedlings/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechanical weeding;
T3: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 20x15 cm2, mechanical weeding; T4: 25DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechanical weeding;
T5: 12DAS, 1 seedling/hill, 25x25 cm2, mechnical weeding; T5: 25DAS, 3 seedling/hill, 20x15 cm2, manual weeding

12. Treatments Plant
Height
(cm)
Panicle
Conversion
efficiency (%)
Panicle
Length
(cm)
Filled
grains
panicle-1
Sterility
(%)
1000 Grain
weight (g)
Grain Yield
(t ha-1)
Grain to
biomass
ratio
T1 114.36c 68.56d 21.27a 111.86a 14.78c 21.47ab 5.08c 41.40b
T2 126.71a 79.21b 20.85bc 106.51b 15.66b 21.48ab 4.68b 41.15b
T3 88.83f 72.72c 19.03e 105.43c 16.47b 21.22b 4.09d 40.97b
T4 113.19d 68.48cd 20.53c 105.12d 15.98b 21.30b 4.43c 40.09b
T5 (SRI) 115.98b 83.82a 21.79ab 113.33a 11.91a 21.88a 6.32a 47.08a
T6 (Conv.)
(Control)
92.61e 48.81e 18.28d 92.00e 23.09b 20.69c 3.76e 37.54c
SEm (+) 1.57 5.06 0.25 1.34 0.80 0.17 0.04 0.70

13. Treatment
No.
Age of
Seedling
No. of seedlings
hill-1
T1 16DAS 1
T2 16DAS 2
T3 22DAS 1
T4 22DAS 2
T5 (SRI)
(Control)
12DAS 1
Lay out of design:
Replication 1 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Replication 2 T4 T5 T1 T2 T3
Replication 3 T2 T3 T5 T1 T4
Replication 4 T5 T4 T2 T3 T1

14. Soil chemical composition of the
experimental sites
Composition Range Ranchi Gaya Raigarh Koraput
pH
<7.0 (Acidic)
7.0 (Neutral)
>7.0 (Alkaline)
6.5-7.5 (Ideal for rice)
5.68 6.0 5.08
Organic
carbon (%)
<0.5 (Low)
0.5-0.75 (Medium)
>0.75 (High) 0.7 1.2 0.12
Available N
(kg/ha)
<250 kg ha-1 (Low)
250-500 kg ha-1 (Medium)
>500 kg ha-1 (High)
143.36 132.1 95
Available P2O5
(kg/ha)
<4 kg ha-1 (Very Low)
4-9 kg ha-1 (Low)
9-22 kg ha-1 (Medium)
22-35 kg ha-1 (High)
>35 kg ha-1 (Very High)
21.31 4.2 6.5
Available K2O
(kg/ha)
<118 kg ha-1 (Low)
118-280 kg ha-1 (Medium)
>280 kg ha-1 (High) 63.36 58 410.2

15. 0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Numberhill-1
Treatment
Til_15 Til_30 Til_45 Til_60
SRI
T1: 16DAS, 1 seedling/hill, T2: 16DAS, 2 seedlings/hill, T3: 22DAS, 1
seedling/hill, T4: 22DAS, 2 seedlings/hill, T5: SRI (12DAS, 1 seedling/hill)

16. 0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
SRI T1 T2 T3 T4
Numberm-2
Treatments
Tillers m-2 Panicles m-2
-3.61%
-12.25%
-7.08%
-10.66%
-18.78%
-32.30%
-15.00%
-26.09%
T1: 16DAS, 1 seedling/hill, T2: 16DAS, 2 seedlings/hill, T3: 22DAS, 1
seedling/hill, T4: 22DAS, 2 seedlings/hill, T5: SRI (12DAS, 1 seedling/hill)

17. 0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
SRI T1 T2 T3 T4
Grainyield(tha-1)
Treatments
-10.42%
-15.42%
-26.27% -23.90%
T1: 16DAS, 1 seedling/hill, T2: 16DAS, 2 seedlings/hill, T3: 22DAS, 1
seedling/hill, T4: 22DAS, 2 seedlings/hill, T5: SRI (12DAS, 1 seedling/hill)

18. Treatments Plant
Height
(cm)
Panicle
Conversion
efficiency
(%)
Panicle
Length
(cm)
Filled
grains
panicle-1
Sterility
(%)
1000 Grain
weight (g)
Grain Yield
(t ha-1)
Harvest
Index
T1 ( 16DAS,
1seedling/hill)
109.53c 73.71d 22.56a 112.94a 13.54b 21.00c 5.28b 44.32b
T2 ( 16DAS,
2seedlings/hill)
108.44c 77.85b 21.42bc 110.41a 13.98b 21.06c 4.99b 43.63b
T3 ( 22DAS,
1seedling/hill)
113.49b 67.49c 21.72b 112.06a 13.38b 20.43d 4.35c 41.02c
T4 ( 22DAS,
2seedling/hill)
119.46a 70.41cd 21.74b 110.56a 14.83b 21.43b 4.49c 41.14c
T5 ( 12DAS,
1seedling/hill)
(Control)
113.49b 80.97a 20.89c 109.96a 11.07a 21.95a 5.90a 47.08a
Sem + 1.00 66.17e 0.22 1.00 0.84 0.13 0.12 0.67

19. Treatment No. Age of
Seedling
Spacing
T1 16DAS 25x25cm2
T2 16DAS 20x20cm2
T3 22DAS 25x25cm2
T4 22DAS 20x20cm2
T5 (SRI) (Control) 12DAS 25x25cm2
Replication-1 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Replication-2 T4 T5 T1 T2 T3
Replication-3 T2 T3 T5 T1 T4
Replication-4 T5 T4 T2 T3 T1
Lay out of design:

20. Soil chemical composition of the
experimental sites
Composition Range Ranchi Gaya Raigarh Koraput
pH
<7.0 (Acidic)
7.0 (Neutral)
>7.0 (Alkaline)
6.5-7.5 (Ideal for rice)
6.3 7.68
Organic
carbon (%)
<0.5 (Low)
0.5-0.75 (Medium)
>0.75 (High) 1.3 0.24
Available N
(kg/ha)
<250 kg ha-1 (Low)
250-500 kg ha-1 (Medium)
>500 kg ha-1 (High)
142.2 114
Available P2O5
(kg/ha)
<4 kg ha-1 (Very Low)
4-9 kg ha-1 (Low)
9-22 kg ha-1 (Medium)
22-35 kg ha-1 (High)
>35 kg ha-1 (Very High)
5.2 6.4
Available K2O
(kg/ha)
<118 kg ha-1 (Low)
118-280 kg ha-1 (Medium)
>280 kg ha-1 (High) 65 158.2

21. 0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Numberhill-1
Treatment
Til_15 Til_30 Til_45 Til_60 Til_60
SRI
T1: 16DAS, 25x25cm2, T2: 16DAS, 20x20cm2, T3: 22DAS, 25x25cm2,
T4: 22DAS, 20x20cm2, T5: SRI (12DAS, 25x25cm2)

22. 0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
SRI T1 T2 T3 T4
Numberhill-1
Treatments
Tillers m-2 Panicles m-2
-4.10%
-3.22%
-12.84%
-20.07%
-10.79%
-13.02%
-11.91%
-15.79%
T1: 16DAS, 25x25cm2, T2: 16DAS, 20x20cm2, T3: 22DAS, 25x25cm2,
T4: 22DAS, 20x20cm2, T5: SRI (12DAS, 25x25cm2)

23. 0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
SRI T1 T2 T3 T4
Grainyield(tha-1)
Treatments
-19.07%
-20.16%
-23.57% -22.64%
T1: 16DAS, 25x25cm2, T2: 16DAS, 20x20cm2, T3: 22DAS, 25x25cm2,
T4: 22DAS, 20x20cm2, T5: SRI (12DAS, 25x25cm2)

24. Treatments
Plant
Height
(cm)
Panicle
Conversion
efficiency (%)
Panicle
Length
(cm)
Filled
grains
panicle-1
Sterility
(%)
1000
Grain
weight (g)
Grain
Yield
(t ha-1)
Harvest
Index
T1 (16DAS,
25x25cm2)
114.98a 79.75a 22.68b 115.26b 14.91b 21.91ab 5.22b 44.62b
T2 (16DAS,
20x20cm2)
91.58d 77.05c 21.95b 112.26b 15.47b 21.63bc 5.15b 44.21b
T3 (22DAS,
25x25cm2)
110.07b 73.92b 22.19b 111.60b 17.03c 21.50bc 4.93b 42.84b
T4 (22DAS,
20x20cm2)
104.99c 78.59bc 21.98b 112.06b 16.08bc 21.09c 4.99b 44.64c
T5 (SRI)
(Control)
116.30a 80.60a 23.51a 119.44a 10.93a 22.50a 6.45a 47.12a
SEm (+) 1.10 0.42 0.27 1.23 0.85 0.24 0.14 0.47

25. Conclusion
 The management practice followed in SRI method of
cultivation produce significantly more number of panicles m-2 and
grains panicle-1
Out of four major practices of SRI, if due to some reason, we are
deviating from one practice, still then we find increment in
growth parameters and yield attributes over pure conventional
method.
 If the seedling age exceeds 12 days, for 16 DAS seedlings we
can go for single seedling transplanting at 25x25 cm2 spacing but
for 22 DAS seedling, we can go for two seedlings transplanting at
a spacing of 20x20 cm2 for ensuring better yield.