This document provides an overview of Indonesia, including its capital, population, GDP, and official symbols. It discusses Indonesia's history from early Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic kingdoms through colonization by Portugal, Britain, and the Netherlands. The key principles of Indonesia's ideology and constitution are outlined. Details are given on Indonesia's provinces, decentralized system of government, executive branch led by the president, and bicameral legislative branch. The roles of the judicial system and key political parties are summarized. Brief descriptions of domestic issues like corruption and communal conflicts are also included.

1. Southeast Asia Study
Department of International Relations – University of Riau
2013

2. Unitary Republic of Indonesia
Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
 Capital:
Jakarta
 Total area:
1,904,569 km2
 Total Population:
249.6 million (2012)
 Gross Domestic Product:
US$ 878.2 billion (2012)
 GNI/capita:
US$ 3420 (2012)
Brief Profile
“Garuda Pancasila”
Official symbol of Indonesia
“Red-White”
Official flag of Indonesia

3. History sejarah
Independence
Colonization
1. Old Orde
(1945-1965)
by:
Kingdoms
Period
1. Hindu and
Buddhist
kingdoms
2. Rise of
Islamic States
2. New Orde
1. Portuguese
(1966-1998)
2. British
3. Reformation
3. Dutch
(1999-now)
4. Japan

4. Ideology & Constitution
• Ideology of Indonesia is Pancasila (the five
principles):
1. Divinity / ketuhanan
2. Humanity / kemanusiaan
3. Unity / persatuan
4. Deliberation / permusyawaratan
5. Social Justice / keadilan sosial.
• Indonesian constitution established in 1945

5. Provinces in Indonesia
Aceh
North
Sumatra
Riau
Islands
Riau
West
Sumatra
West
Kalimantan
Jambi
South
Sumatra
Bengkulu
East
Kalimantan
Lampung
Banten
BangkaBelitung
Central
Kalimantan
West
Sulawesi
South
Kalimantan
Jakarta
Central
West
Java
East
Java
Java
Yogyakarta
South
Sulawesi
Bali
West Nusa
Tenggara
Gorontalo
Central
Sulawesi
Southeast
Sulawesi
East Nusa
Tenggara
North
Sulawesi
North
Maluku
West
Papua
Papua
Maluku

6. Decentralisation desentralisasi
• Reformation era demand for decentralisation of
power and establishing of Regional Autonomy
(Otonomi Daerah) by 1999.
• Today, Indonesia has 34 provinces that consists of:
Jakarta Capital Territory (DKI Jakarta), 31 Regional
Autonomies, and 2 Special Regional Autonomies
(Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam & Papua)
• North Kalimantan (Kalimantan Utara) is newestablished province (since 2012).

7. Executive
eksekutif
• Executive power headed by a president and
ministers (presidential system).
• President directly elected by people for 5
years term and can be re-elected for one
period.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Indonesia’s current president
• Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) is current
(6th) president that re-elected for second
period (2009-2014) and also leader of
Democrat Party.

8. The authorities of The President:
a) Make government regulations;
b) Submit bills (Rancangan UU);
c) Passing laws with DPR to reach an
agreement;
d) Supreme leader of army force and
declare war;
Presidential Seal
e) Appoint Ambassador and consul;
f) Appoint supreme judges as
nominated by Judicial Commission
and confirmed by DPR.
Merdeka Palace
the official residence of the President

9. LEGISLATIVE
People’s Consultative Assembly
Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat
Upper House
House of Regional
Representative
Lower House
House of People
Representative
• 1 term (5 years)
• Speaker: Irman Gusman
• Established: 2001
(first term: 2004-2009)
• unlimited (5 years)
• Speaker: Marzuki Alie
• Established: 1945
(de facto: 1915)
http://dpd.go.id/
http://dpr.go.id/

10. House of Regional Representative
Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD)

DPD has legislation,
consideration, and supervision
functions.

DPD power limited to several
fields of work:
1. regional autonomy
2. central and local relations
3. Formation and expansion
4. financial balancing and
implementation
5. tax, education, and religion
DPD Session in Parliament
Complex, Jakarta

11. House of People Representative
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR)

DPR has legislation, budgeting,
and oversight functions.

DPR has power to:
1. submit and passess law.
2. Produces annual budget
together with President (taking into
consideration DPD).
3. Designate member of Financial
Auditor Body (BPK), taking into
consideration DPD.
4. Accept and discuss bills
submitted by DPD.
MPR/DPR Building

12. Judicative
Supreme
Constitutional
Judicial
Court
Court
Commission
Established:
Established:
August 1945
Chief:
August 2003
Chief:
M. Hatta Ali
Hamdan Zoelva
Established
August 2005
Chief:
Suparman M.

13. Judicative
Insignia of
“Mahkamah Agung”
• Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) sits
above the other courts and is the final
court of appeal (kasasi).
• There are 4 types courts below the
Supreme Court:
1. General Courts (pengadilan negeri)
2. Religious Courts (pengadilan agama)
3. Military Courts (pengadilan militer)
4. Administrative Courts (pengadilan tata
usaha negara).
•
.
Both of Supreme Court and
Constitutional Court have right to Judicial
Review (level of review is different)

14. Judicative
Hamdan Zoelva
new elected chief judge
of Constitutional Court
• Contitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi)
has jurisdiction over the cases of:
1. constitutional review of legislation
2. dispute over authority of state institution
3. dissolution of political parties
4. dispute over election results
5. impeachment of the president
• Judicial Commission (Komisi Yudisial) has
authority to:
1. nominating chief for Supreme Court
2. maintain judges dignity and behavior
3. establish code of conduct of judges

15. http://www.pks.or.id/
www.partainasdem.o
rg/
http://pan.or.id/
http://partaigerindra.or.id/
Democrat Party (ruling party)
http://www.pkb.or.id/
http://www.golkar.or.id/
http://www.demokrat.or.id/
http://ppp.or.id
http://www.pdiperjuangan.or.
http://hanura.com/10/

16. Election pemilihan
• The President is elected by absolute majority vote to serve a 5year term.
• In the DPD, 132 members are elected by single non-transferable
vote to serve 5-year terms.
• In the DPR 560 members are elected by open list proportional
representation in multi-member constituencies to serve 5-year
terms.
• Presidential Threshold: 20%, 25% of votes in the last DPR
election
• Parliamentary Threshold: 2.5%
• Voting is not compulsory.

17. Military militer
• According to globalfirepower, Indonesia ranked 15th
in military strength in 2013.
• Government and military conducting Revolution of
Military Affairs (RMA) to improve and increase
national defence through concept of Kekuatan Pokok
Minimum (Minimum Essential Force) by 2019.
• Nowadays, Indonesia doing cooperations with many
countries to reduce defence dependency with
several state.

18. Domestic
Issues:
Corruption
Commission of Corruption Eradication (KPK) building, Jakarta
• From Jan-Nov 2013, corruption in Indonesia have been
involved senior police officer, judge of Constitutional
Court, ministers, governors, and cader of ruling party
• Commission of Corruption Eradication (Komisi
Pemberantasan Korupsi – KPK) become most respected
and trusted government’s legal institution by public after
dismantling many cases of corruption.

19. Domestic
Issues:
Communal
conflict
Communal Conflict in Indonesia
• Indonesia is a very heterogen country and thus have very big
potential of communal conflict.
• Other causes of this communal conflict are:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Disobedience of local wisdom (pengabaian kearifan lokal)
Legal uncertainty (ketidakpastian hukum)
Economic trouble (himpitan ekonomi)
Indecisiveness leadership (ketidaktegasan pemerintah)
Decentralisation (desentralisasi)
Democratisation process (proses demokratisasi)
Crisis of public confidence (kepercayaan publik) in government

20. Foreign Policy Kebijakan Luar Negeri
“a thousands friends – zero enemy”
(contemporary slogan of Indonesian foreign
policy)
 Indonesia active in participating and organizing
international conferences on security, economic
and trade, democracy, and environmental issues.
 As the most populous muslim country, Indonesia
shows more attention to muslim-invoved issues.
ex: Palestine, Rohingya, Arab Spring.

21. • Indonesia maintaining its
doctrine of foreign policy
since independence,
namely, Bebas dan Aktif
(free and active).
• Other focus of foreign
policy:
a. investment policy
b. migrant workers (TKI)
c. national unity
d. international justice and
order
e. regional integration
President SBY and UN Secretary
General Ban Ki-Moon
Indonesia Foreign Minister
Marty Natalegawa

22. Indonesia and ASEAN
Indonesia as Chairman of ASEAN and
host of ASEAN Summit 2011
 Indonesia is one of ASEAN’S
founding fathers.
 ASEAN is Indonesia’s foreign
policy priority.
 The host of ASEAN annual
meeting for 3 times (1976, 2003,
2011) and also the country where
ASEAN secretariat located.
ASEAN Secretariat Building
Jakarta - Indonesia

23. Indonesia and ASEAN
 Indonesia actively encourage region
stabilisation and multidimension
cooperation to prepare ASEAN
Community 2015.
 Indonesia plays role in many issues in
southeast Asia:
- Phillipine – MNLF reconciliation
- conflict and democratisation in
Myanmar
- East Timor membership in ASEAN
- South China Sea disputes

24. Transnational Issues / Isu Transnasional
 Indonesia – Australia on illegal immigrant
issue.
 Indonesia – Malaysia on maritim boundary
issue.
 Indonesia – Singapore on maritim boundary
issue.
etc.

25. TERIMA
KASIH