The team proposes a One Health solution to reduce malaria in Nigeria using natural predator propagation, vaccine distribution by drones, improved storage, biotechnology to target the parasite at all stages, and education programs. Natural predators of mosquitoes like fish and insects will be bred in new centers. Drones will deliver vaccines to remote areas to improve access, while storage facilities get refrigeration. A new drug targets malaria itself rather than just the vector. Online and community education will increase awareness of prevention and treatment. Funding will come from WHO, donations, and advertising.

1. Malaria 2020 - Team 12
Reducing numbers. Making an impact.

2. Solution
A One Health Solution tackling:
● Natural Predator
Propagation, Vaccine
Efficiency, Biotechnology,
and Education.

3. Natural Predator Introduction
● The only vector for malaria is the Anopheles
mosquito.
● There are several natural predators of the
Anopheles mosquito, including many fish,
insects, and aquatic copepods.
○ The presence of these predators reduces the mosquito
population and causes them to feed less, become more
stressed, and fall into a dormant state.
● Some of these predators already live in Nigeria,
such as Gambusia affinis, Lutzia, Culiseta,
Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, and a variety of
copepods

4. Natural Predator Introduction
● We will consult local environmentalists and
conservationists to consider which species we
will propagate and their impact on the
environment.
○ Candidates are Gambusia affinis, Toxorhynchite
mosquitoes, and copepods of the order Cyclopoida.
● This component of the plan involves:
○ Building breeding centers and promoting existing
breeding centers for species that eat the Anopheles
mosquito
○ Employing locals to staff these breeding centers

5. Vaccine Distribution
● One of the biggest problems plaguing Nigeria’s malaria vaccine
distribution is the issue of universal access.
○ Road networks are unreliable, especially in rural areas
○ Many storage facilities for vaccines are inadequate and they end up becoming spoiled
● Because of this, around 15% of malaria vaccines produced are wasted.
● To remedy this issue, our plan has two main components:
○ Alternative transportation of vaccines to rural areas
○ Bolstering of storage facilities

6. Alternative transportation
● Road networks are very unreliable in Nigeria.
● Drone delivery eliminates the need for roads.
● Drones are also more cost effective than using
human drivers or pilots
○ Costs can also be offset by advertisements on the packages
and drones
● Drones can also operate 24/7
● Drone delivery has already been used extensively in
Rwanda and Ghana, improving accessibility to
vaccines.

7. Alternative Transportation
● We will use drone delivery to deliver vaccines to previously inaccessible
places.
● Nigeria already has many storage facilities for vaccines - the drones will
be stationed and operate from there.
● Each facility will be equipped with ten drones to deliver vaccines as fast
as possible

8. Storage Facilities
● Many storage facilities are inadequate, not
having refrigeration or dry storage areas.
● Improving storage facilities will reduce
wastage of vaccines
● Our plan will provide refrigerated storage
areas and dry storage areas for all current
vaccine storage centers in compliance with
the Expanded Programme on Immunization of
the World Health Organization (WHO).

9. Gametocytocidal - Biotechnology
● gametocyte (plural gametocytes):
(cytology) A diploid germ cell that divides by meiosis into a gamete
● gametocytocidal (comparative more gametocytocidal, superlative most gametocytocidal):
destructive to gametocytes

10. Gametocytocide - Biotechnology
In the backdrop of drug resistance, developing novel hybrid molecules targeting the sexual stages
of Malaria is of great significance.
Recently, chalcone- based polyphenols have generated a great interest in the malaria research
community worldwide due to their ease of synthesis and significant biological activity.
In India, MERA ( ICMR-NIMR) has done field testing of quinoline-chalcone gametocytocide.
This means that we are targeting Malaria itself rather than the vector ensuring the natural balance
is kept.

11. Education- Online
We believe that malaria is a disease that isn’t
talked about enough. From the statistics to what
it looks like, many countries around the world
simply aren’t well informed about the disease.
By using QOOM and creating a website, we
provide a public platform for those able to access
it to learn about malaria and the ways we are
currently trying to help it. They are also given an
opportunity to help themselves with a donation
button.

12. Education- Online

13. Education- In Communities
As our target country is Nigeria, we understand
that not all citizens have access to internet. For
this reason, we have broadened our educational
pursuit to more than just being online. We will be
educating the community through activities in
events and local radio stations.

14. Education- In Communities
In order to make the education inclusive to all the different types of people
involved, the education would be geared towards educating the public about
the disease, how to prevent it, and recovery options.
We don’t want to create an atmosphere of fear, but one of being informed and
prepared.

15. Funding
Funding will come from three main sources:
● The World Health Organization and the Malaria Vaccine Implementation
Programme will fund most of our efforts
● The rest of the funding will come from donations gathered through our
website
● Revenue from advertisements on the drones and marketing

16. ONEHEALT
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17. Sources
● World Health Org: “Q&A On the Phase 3 Trial Results for Malaria Vaccine RTS,S/AS01.” World Health Organization, World
Health Organization, 24 Aug. 2018, www.who.int/malaria/media/rtss-phase-3-trial-qa/en/.
● Journal of Vector Borne Diseases: “A novel quinoline-appended chalcone derivative as potential Plasmodium falciparum
gametocytocide Kumar H, Wadi I, Devaraji V, Pillai CR, Ghosh SK” JVBD, ICMR, Sept 2019,
● Dr C. I. Pillai: Gametocytocidal solution explanation. Scientist at ICMR, https://www.drcrpillai.com/