The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a 30-point test used to screen for cognitive impairment. It tests several areas including orientation, registration, attention, recall, language, and visual-spatial skills. The test takes 10-15 minutes to administer and includes questions about orientation to time and place, registration of objects, attention and calculation, recall of objects, language skills, and the ability to follow commands. Scores are interpreted based on cut-offs, with scores below 24 indicating cognitive impairment. The MMSE provides a quick method to monitor changes over time but has limitations such as bias against those with low education.