2. HISTORY OF DATABASES
What is a database
A database consists of an organized collection of data for one
or more uses, typically in digital form. One way of classifying
databases involves the type of their contents, for example:
bibliographic, document-text, statistical. Digital databases are
managed using database management systems, which store
database contents, allowing data creation and maintenance,
and search and other access (Wikipedia, 2010)
3. HISTORY OF DATABASES
What is a Database Management System
A database management system (DBMS), sometimes just called a
database manager, is a program that lets one or more computer
users create and access data in a database. The DBMS manages
user requests (and requests from other programs) so that users and
other programs are free from having to understand where the data is
physically located on storage media and, in a multi-user system, who
else may also be accessing the data. The DBMS ensures the integrity
of the data (that is, making sure it continues to be accessible and is
consistently organized as intended) and security (making sure only
those with access privileges can access the data) (Searchsql.com,
1999)
4. HISTORY OF DATABASES
There is an argument that the use of databases can be traced back to early
on days of electronic calculation. Charles Bachman is one of the early
contributors of DBMS and he is widely accredited to invention of Database
Task Group in the 1960s with the help of a group called Codasyl. This later
turned out to be what was referred to as Codasyl approach because it was
founded on the physical navigation with related dataset shaped into a huge
system. International Business Machine (IBM) is also said to have
developed DBMS system referred to as IMS in the year 1968. This system
was widely and stringently used as a hierarchical database. However both
Charles Bachman’s and IBM’s approaches were later referred to as
navigational databases and this term was coined from how the data was
retrieved and accessed using these databases (Miller, 2010).
6. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
Access
Microsoft released Access version 1.0 on 13 November 1992, and
an Access 1.1 release in May 1993 to improve compatibility with
other Microsoft products and include the Access Basic
programming language.
Originally, the software worked well with relatively small databases but testing
showed that some circumstances caused data corruption. For example, file
sizes over 10 MB proved problematic (note that most hard disks held less than
500 MB at the time this was in wide use), and the Getting Started manual warns
about a number of circumstances where obsolete device drivers or incorrect
configurations can cause data loss.
8. ENHANCEMENT: EVERY TECHNOLOGY EXTENDS OR AMPLIFIES SOME ORGAN OR
FACULTY OF THE USER. IN OTHER WORDS, IT DOES SOMETHING NEW
The purpose of this technology was to organize
all logistical data on the students served by the
TRIO Programs by automatically updating client
information when new information was input in
one field, all fields would also be updated.
Enhancement
Obsolescence
Retrieval
Reversal
9. OBSOLESCENCE: BECAUSE THERE IS EQUILIBRIUM IN SENSIBILITY, WHEN ONE AREA
OF EXPERIENCE IS HEIGHTENED OR INTENSIFIED, ANOTHER IS DIMINISHED OR
NUMBED. THE “NEW” DRIVES AN OLDER TECHNOLOGY INTO OBSOLESCENCE.
Previously, Federal TRIO programs either had to
input and calculate information in written form
which opened the door to inaccuracies in
accounting and input on services provided.
Enhancement
Obsolescence
Retrieval
Reversal
10. RETRIEVAL: THE CONTENT OF ANY MEDIUM IS AN OLDER MEDIUM. A NEW
TECHNOLOGY REKINDLES SOMETHING FROM THE PAST – SOMETIMES THE VERY
DISTANT PAST.
Enhancement
Obsolescence
Retrieval
Reversal
11. REVERSAL: EVERY FORM, PUSHED TO THE LIMIT OF ITS POTENTIAL, REVERSES ITS
CHARACTERISTICS. I THINK A FAIR EXTENSION OF THIS IDEA IS TO STATE THAT
EVERY TECHNOLOGY SETS THE STAGE FOR ITS OWN REPLACEMENT.
As individual programs were creating and manipulating
their data, there was no uniformity in its process. Thus the
invention of BLUMEN software created by Compansol
became the premier data base management systems for
federal TRIO programs. This technology allows for
transmission of pertinent information if face to face
contact is unavailable. It has allowed TRIO programs to
assist students meet deadlines for example, SAT/ACT
registration, college application submissions, and
scholarships application deadlines.
Enhancement
Obsolescence
Retrieval
Reversal
14. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
Blumen is recognized as a "must have" tool used
by thousand of professionals to boost productivity,
and increasing performance while lowering costs.
Both beginners and advanced users benefit from
the approachable and powerful environment
needed to manage contacts and activities
efficiently.
16. ENHANCEMENT: EVERY TECHNOLOGY EXTENDS OR AMPLIFIES SOME ORGAN OR
FACULTY OF THE USER. IT DOES SOMETHING NEW
•Generate Annual Performance Report
•Tracks graduate students
•Tracks postsecondary information for graduated students
•Ability to archive student information
•Network Ready,
•Remote Access for Laptop computers
Available in all three platforms: DOS, Windows, and Macintosh.
This technology allows for transmission of pertinent information
if face to face contact is unavailable. It has allowed programs to
assist students meet deadlines for SAT/ACT registration, college
application submissions, and scholarships application
deadlines.
Enhancement
Obsolescence
Retrieval
Reversal
17. OBSOLESCENCE: BECAUSE THERE IS EQUILIBRIUM IN SENSIBILITY, WHEN ONE AREA
OF EXPERIENCE IS HEIGHTENED OR INTENSIFIED, ANOTHER IS DIMINISHED OR
NUMBED. THE “NEW” DRIVES AN OLDER TECHNOLOGY INTO OBSOLESCENCE.
•Individual manipulation of data input
•Inability to archive student information
•Stand alone system with no network capabilities
•Remote accessibility non-existence
•Worked only on Dos platform.
•Information transfer was difficult
Enhancement
Obsolescence
Retrieval
Reversal
18. RETRIEVAL: THE CONTENT OF ANY MEDIUM IS AN OLDER MEDIUM. A NEW
TECHNOLOGY REKINDLES SOMETHING FROM THE PAST – SOMETIMES THE VERY
DISTANT PAST.
In history, the Codasyl approach, was based on the "manual"
navigation of a linked data set which was formed into a large
network. When the database was first opened, the program
was handed back a link to the first record in the database,
which also contained pointers to other pieces of data. To find
any particular record the programmer had to step through
these pointers one at a time until the required record was
returned. Simple queries like "find all the people in India"
required the program to walk the entire data set and collect
the matching results. There was, essentially, no concept of
"find" or "search". Wikipedia (2010)
Today, those queries are done at light speed.
Enhancement
Obsolescence
Retrieval
Reversal
19. REVERSAL: EVERY FORM, PUSHED TO THE LIMIT OF ITS POTENTIAL,
REVERSES ITS CHARACTERISTICS
UNLIMITED CUSTOM FIELDS: This
section gives you the ability to add
unlimited customized fields to the
database to track additional
information about your students.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: Keep track
of your valuable equipment! You can
use this section to track laptops,
books and other materials loaned to
your students.
ALUMNI TRACKER: Make use of the
comprehensive tracking tool to
manage post-graduation
information for past graduates/drop-
outs for improved APR reporting.
SHARE CUSTOM REPORTS: All Blumen
users can download custom reports
through a web based
platform.
STUDENT SELF-SERVICE INTERFACE:
Students can use this tool to sign in
and sign out for lab use, events etc. for
better data tracking and management.
•Comprehensive APR Data Verification
•Better & More Flexible Filters
•Yearly Student Promotion
• Improved Data Merge Tool
•Improved Bulk E-Mail Tool
•Unlimited Users with Screen-level
Security & Data Encryption
Enhancement
Obsolescence
Retrieval
Reversal
20. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
Interview
Q 1 Hi Julie, tell us what you do.
Q 2 When did you become familiar with
Compansol and Blumen
Q 3 What was your experience with the
previous database(s) that you used?
Q 4 Have you seen any other technologies
that achieve what Compansol and
Blumen have presented?
22. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
Analysis: Six forces of Emerging Technologies
Evolution
Technology
Rhyme of
History
Science
Fiction
Disruptive
Technology
Increasing
Returns
Red Queens
Obsolete
Technology
Adoptive
Technology
23. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Analysis: Six forces of Emerging Technologies
Evolution
Technology
Rhyme of
History
Science
Fiction
Disruptive
Technology
Increasing
Returns
Red Queens
Obsolete
Technology
Adoptive
Technology
The Obsolete technology in reference to the six forces of emerging technologies
As an evolution technology the obsolete technology (Access) was a progression
of growth of a previous technology. The first version of Access was released in late
1992. The software worked well with relatively small data sets, but when the amount
of information started to get much larger, data corruption and slowness became a
serious issue. Part of the problem was the rapidly increasing amounts of computer
memory becoming available at the time - the strength of the hardware available
outpaced the skill of software developers, and customer expectations were as such
difficult to predict.
24. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Analysis: Six forces of Emerging Technologies
Evolution
Technology
Rhyme of
History
Science
Fiction
Disruptive
Technology
Increasing
Returns
Red Queens
Obsolete
Technology
Adoptive
Technology
The Obsolete technology in reference to the six forces of emerging technologies
As a Rhyme of History the obsolete technology (Access) prior to the introduction
of Access, the desktop database market was dominated by Borland with their
Paradox and dBase programs, and FoxPro. Microsoft Access was the first mass
market database program for Windows. With the purchase of FoxPro and
incorporating its Rushmore query optimization routines into Access, Microsoft
Access quickly became the dominant database for Windows effectively eliminating
the competition which failed to transition from the MS-DOS world. (Wikipedia)
25. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Analysis: Six forces of Emerging Technologies
Evolution
Technology
Rhyme of
History
Science
Fiction
Disruptive
Technology
Increasing
Returns
Red Queens
Obsolete
Technology
Adoptive
Technology
The adoptive technology in reference to the six forces of emerging technologies
As a Evolution technology the adoptive technology (Compansol Blumen) from
pre-stage flat-file system, to relational and object-relational systems, database
technology has gone through several generations in its 40 years history.
26. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Analysis: Six forces of Emerging Technologies
Evolution
Technology
Rhyme of
History
Science
Fiction
Disruptive
Technology
Increasing
Returns
Red Queens
Obsolete
Technology
Adoptive
Technology
The adoptive technology in reference to the six forces of emerging technologies
as a Rhyme of history the adoptive technology (Compansol Blumen), databases
have been in use since the earliest days of electronic computing. Unlike modern
systems which can be applied to widely different databases and needs, the vast
majority of older systems were tightly linked to the custom databases in order to
gain speed at the expense of flexibility. Originally DBMSs were found only in large
organizations with the computer hardware needed to support large data sets.
27. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Analysis: Six forces of Emerging Technologies
Evolution
Technology
Rhyme of
History
Science
Fiction
Disruptive
Technology
Increasing
Returns
Red Queens
Obsolete
Technology
Adoptive
Technology
The adoptive technology in reference to the six forces of emerging technologies
as a Increasing return, the adoptive technology (Compansol Blumen), met the
demands of TRIO programs better than other databases on the market. The
developers created Blumen based on the needs, recommendations and mandates
of the Department of Education TRIO programs (Educational Talent Search, Upward
Bound, Upward Bound Math and Science, Upward Bound Veterans, Student
Support Services, Ronald E. McNair Post Baccalaureate Achievement). Blumen is
recognized as a "must have" tool used by thousand of professionals to boost
productivity, increasing both productivity and performance while lowering costs.
Both beginners and advanced users benefit from the approachable and powerful
environment needed to manage contacts and activities efficiently.
29. OBSOLETE AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
A Multimedia Presentation
Marion Carter
Walden University
Emerging and Future
Technologies 8848 Fall 2010
Wikipedia. (2010). Database. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database
Searchsql.com, (1999). Database management system. Retrieved from
http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database-management-system
Miller, (2010). History of database management systems: Relational
databases http://techus.org/2010/10/history-of-data-base-management-
systemsrelational-database/
Compansol, (2010) http://www.compansol.com/compansol/blumen/blumentrio.htm
