The document discusses various aspects of database design and architecture, including one-tier, two-tier, and n-tier client/server models, their applications, and the significance of databases in modern organizations. It highlights the transition from traditional database systems to cloud computing and big data, underscoring the importance of data management for business operations. Furthermore, it stresses the role of databases in enhancing information sharing, reducing redundancy, and improving security within organizations.

1. Database Design Essay examples
Database Environment
Brandon Smith
DBM/380
10–8–2012
Kenneth Hoskins
Database Environment
"A database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system. In
order for a database to be truly functional, it must not only store large amounts of record, but also be
able to access those records fast and efficiently. In addition, new information and changes should also
be easy to input." (tech–faq.com) To be useful over a long term the database should be able to store
all the records necessary for the business to function as well as be able to get all of this information
back in case of a system failure or a crash. If all the information is loss a business could go bankrupt
so the database is a fail...show more content...
"Imagine a person on a desktop computer who uses Microsoft Access to load up a list of personal
addresses and phone numbers that he or she has saved in MS Windows "My Documents" folder.
This is an example of a one–tier database architecture" (Windowsecutity.com) "A two tier client/
server architecture is one in which a user interacts through a Graphical User Interface to
communicate with the database server across a network via Structured Query Langauage."
(Windowsecurity.com) Last is an N–Tier Clinet/Server Architecutre. "Most n–tier database
architectures exist in a three–tier configuration. In this architecture the client server model expands
to include a middle tier (business tier) which is an application server that houses the business logic.
This middle tier relieves the client application and the database server of some of their processing
duties by translating client calls into database queries and translating data from the database into
client data in return." (windowsecurity.com)
The one tier is best suited for single users that have a small amount of information to store. It will
run on the machine the user is using and will store it on the machines (computer, tablet, cellphone,
ect) and has to use a physical resource to access and process this information.
If you have multiply users and a small scale of applications you would use the two tier client/server
architecture. This would be an example of anyone that uses the
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2. Database Essay
Databases have been around long before the computer first utilized them, but they became a
necessity as the industry has been using them now for over 40 years. Everything is a database now,
your inventory, your class schedule, your closet, it is all a possible database. Arora and Gupta state,
"Stand alone applications have been replaced with web–based applications, dedicated servers with
multiple servers dedicated storage with network storage" (Arora and Gupta 2012). There have been
several movements to try and change the database environment, however attempts to replace the
relational database with the object–oriented database never came to popularity and relational
databases popularity remains high today. However, a new movement called...show more content...
Cloud computing has really shifted the whole landscape of how companies do their databases now,
and with this has brought the concept of big data. According to google big data is defined as,
"Extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and
associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions". Big data has really taken off
with the use of cloud computing. Though they sound the same, the main difference between cloud
computing and big data is the cloud is the actual infrastructure while big data is the actual content
you will see in the database. Today's industry is built off information, the more information a person
can get to know about you, the more they can use to their advantage. A good example of this is the
shirts you buy off an online retailer. If you have information and trends that show you may get
suggestions similar to that brand with recommendations or even get promotional coupons depending
on how much information you have given to this company about yourself. These companies with
their powerful databases can look at an individual user making this concept very powerful in today's
market. According to Ularu, Puican, Apostu, and Valicanu (2012), "IBM's view Big Data has four
aspects: Volume... Velocity... Variety... Veracity." These are all determined from the how big the size
and
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3. Database Systems Essay
Introduction
Effective implementation of strategic plan is a critical task for the management. Before the
implementation of this plan, it is essential for the business personnel to collect pertinent information
about the strategic plan. In this concern, various database systems have been introduced. For
effective management of the staff functions and line functions as well as execution of strategic plan,
the company should make use of the data oriented model. The systematic integration of the goals
can be done with the help of a well developed information system (O'Brien, 2003).
Some of the important database systems are management information system (MIS), knowledge
management system (KMS), enterprises resource planning (ERP),...show more content...
Knowledge management system is very advantageous for the organizations in sharing of information
about the organization, in keeping down excess of work, in reducing the effective consumption of
time and in codifying the knowledge. With the help of this system, the company can manage needed
documents and share information within different levels (Alavi & Leidner, 2001).
Enterprises Resource Planning: It is an important database to implement the strategic plan effective.
This database system assists the firm to restore the information about the resources of the firm such
as human resource, financial resources, details about material, suppliers, vendors, and other
tangible assets and deals with the planning and use of resources used in the business (Chiat &
Ching, 2004). ERP solution has an advantage of fast implementation as the design and development
is eliminated being a package. The ERP provides the methodology of assessing the resources
needed for a given business in order to achieve business objectives. It also helps to execute the
strategies, plans, decisions, and actions within a time limit (O'Brien, 2003).
In addition, some other features of ERP database system are command in language and manage
effective communication, separation of the program code and the data areas, transactional flow
control in the strategic plan, central table system for
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4. Essay Database
Database A database is an organised body of related files and or information. It is simply an
automated library system an is maintained as an integral part of most organisations worldwide. A
cite on the World Wide Web, the Webopedia Computer Dictionary, refers to thedatabase as a
collection of information organized and presented to serve a specific purpose. (A telephone book is
a common database.) A computerized database is an updated, organized file of machine readable
information that is rapidly searched and retrieved by computer.
A Data Base Management System is a collection of programs that...show more content...
Sophisticated languages for managing database systems are called fourth–generation languages, or
4GLs for short.
The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most DBMSs include a
report writer program that enables you to output data in the form of a report. Many DBMSs also
include a graphics component that enables you to output information in the form of graphs and charts.
Migrating from the manual and paper file set up is always an advantage in its own capacity. We
shall highlight the major advantages of using a database or Data Base Management System in an
organisation. Using a database will reduce both data redundancy and inconsistency. For larger or
even smaller organisations like a small time starting estate agency, a database will promote sharing
of data for example when referring to client files. Their rent or sales teams can share the
information in order to be able to assist their clients better. Standards are enforced, through the use
of the data dictionary or catalogue. Another advantage is that privacy and integrity controls are
applicable to groups of users such as passwords and access controls for security. In–terms of privacy,
a selection of authourised users can use the database and with reference to integrity, the database
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5. Oracle Databases Essay
Oracle Databases
A new energy is rising within CNS. Over the past year, many members of our administrative
computing team have been developing Oracle applications. It is a new challenge to both CNS and
our clients. We journey up the learning curve together and over the trial–and–error hurdles. Each day
offers a new opportunity to understand another concept or process.
Some faculties and departments are already using Oracle applications in their day–to–day operations.
As time goes by, more and more information users will be working with an application based on
Oracle database technology. If you get the opportunity to be a member of an application
development team, you will become familiar with the workings of Oracle and relational...show more
content...
A field has little meaning unless it is seen within the context of other fields. The postal code T6G
2H1, for example, expresses nothing by itself. To what person or business does it belong? The postal
code field is informative only after it is associated with other data. In Oracle, the fields relating to a
particular person, thing, or event are bundled together to form a single, complete unit of data, called
a record (it can also be referred to as a row or an occurrence). Each record is made up of a number of
fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name.
During an Oracle database design project, the analysis of your business needs identifies all the
fields or attributes of interest. If your business needs change over time, you define any additional
fields or change the definition of existing fields.
Oracle Tables
Oracle stores records relating to each other in a table. For example, all the records for employees
of a company would be stored by Oracle in one table, the employee table. A table is easily
visualized as a tabular arrangement of data, not unlike a spreadsheet, consisting of vertical columns
and horizontal rows.
+–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––+
| EMPLOYEE |
+–––––––––––+––––––––––––––+––––––––––––––+––––––––+–––––––––––––+––––––––––+
| EMPL_ID | NAME_FIRST | NAME_LAST | DEPT | POSITION
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6. Databases Essay
We live in a world where everything information is accissable almost every where. Most people
thing of technology as something that is connected to the satellite but we all know what it is in
reality. From the time that you are born to the time when your leave a country your information is
available to people. Today billions of people use facebook, google. Every time you make an account
you are supposed to give them your information but that not it there are so many other thigns that are
stored using technology. Your grades, passport, visa. Where are how do these information get stored.
They get stored computers or the technical term databases. Just like that the computers database have
also come a long way. Database existed since antient...show more content...
For example, if some on had to listen to a song on a tape they would have to rewind it to the exact
spot of the tape to get the information that they needed.
That's is what caused the invention of file systems. The file system closely resembled a filing
cabinet. Just like a filing cabinet Information was stored in files or directories. These folders
could be placed in other folders thus creating hierarchy i.e. it eradicated a single directory or
folder, and this was the basis for the file hierarchy system. The reason File Systems are necessary is
because it ensures reliability in data storage and it also manages access and retrieving data much
easier and quicker. But this wasn't the end of databases, new technology kept coming into the market.
As computers grew in speed and capability the same had to be with information storage. In the
1960s, the term database management was coined in to existence. That's when two standards
emerged, the hierarchical model was by IBM's Information Management System and the other was
the Network model by Charles Bachman IDS (Integrated Data Store). With the introduction of these
two models indicated how serious business data was becoming to the world.
Then came relational database, Edgar Codd, who worked for the IBM's San Jose Research
Laboratory came up with a revolutionary database that would change the way information was
stored. He used a "A Relational Model of Data for Large
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7. Essay on Database
Project on Database Design for College Library
Index: 1. Introduction............................................................................ 3 2. Requirement Analysis
..............................................................4 3. Defining Entitiy and
Attribute...................................................5 4. Entity Relationship
Diagram......................................................6 5. Non– Technical overview of Entity Relationship
Diagram..........7 6. User Applications...................................................................... 7 7. ER...show
more content...
SQL Queries to retrieve data .........................................................29–37
11.Factors that influence Physical Database Design.............................38
Introduction :
Generally Institutions are mature and different systems are employed by the libraries to manage
their resources in an efficient manner but still many libraries remain unconvinced and show
reluctance to employ and switch over to new systems. Library management refers to the issues
involved in managing the resources available in library such as classification of material, book
processing, Journals.
My plan in implementing database design for college library will bring out technical advantages
that are lacking in present system in maintaining Library.I will analyse the limitations of existing
manual system employed by a college library and will mainly focus on the solution to provide a
centralised repository
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8. Essay on Databases
Databases in My Organization
Abstract
Databases have been in use since the early days of computing programs. An Information Technology
services company, such as Getronics, not only utilizes databases for information and record
management, it earns revenue by providing database management services. Getronics uses Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 as its database software. The clients that contract Getronics for Information
Technology services rely and depend on the accuracy and currency of the database information that
is stored. Databases will continue to exist and expand as more companies become more of aware of
the importance of record and data management.
Databases have been in use...show more content...
An incident management system tracks end user requests, problems, and changes that are recorded
by a service desk, or help desk team. The application relies on over 300 tables that contain
individual pieces of information the build an end user's request. Each table is linked by a common,
unique identifier, commonly known as primary key. This unique identifier exists in all tables and
links the records together. However, even though the backend application is complex, to a help desk
technician, the information is presented in the incident management system in an organized,
presentable manner. The help desk technician does not have to search the 300 or more tables to
locate a specific piece of information.
Another database that is used by Getronics is the human resources database that is linked to the SAP
application. This database contains all of Getronics' employee information including such private
details like social security number and mother's maiden name. This database is secured database that
can not be accessed by any employee. In fact, not even the database administrator can see the text
that is stored in the records for the employees. The data is encrypted. Since Human Resource
databases typically contain financial and personnel information, it is important that the data is
secured. The encryption provides security for the private and confidential
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9. Database Research Essay
Introduction In order to obtain peer reviewed research articles related to the impact of the
psychological contract on job satisfaction in community mental health care workers it is
important to review research that has been completed in a variety of researchers and in different
settings. The databases that were selected to locate peer reviewed articles for this paper where
Academic Search Complete and ProQuest Psychology. Tutorials were available for each of these
databases and ProQuest was used to learn how to navigate through the data base since it was not a
familiar data base to this author. ProQuest is a database that offers a variety of options in
completing a search. A researcher can select to do a basic search, an...show more content...
Results of the analysis were similar to other research findings in other studies in different settings
and although measures can be developed for different levels of employees, the psychological
contract is different to each employee in relation to how the employee perceives his job and
develops his own psychological contract (Cable, 2010). Limitations that could be identified in the
study were the small sample size that included only managers, was conducted only in New Zealand
and therefore may not be able to be generalized to other countries (Cable, 2010). Results and
discussion suggests that future research could expand the understanding on how the fulfillment of
the psychological contract could impact an individual employee's attitudes and behaviors (Cable,
2010). After a search in ProQuest the article Transformational Leadership and Public Service
Motivation: Driving Individual and Organizational Performance, was selected for review to
determine if the content is relevant to research topic. An empirical research method in which the
authors reviewed a vast amount of past research was used to explore ways in which managers can
use positive motivation to improve public service employee and organizational performance as well
as give recommendations to assist managers to implement motivational values in a variety of
management settings (Paarlberg, L., Lavigna, B.,
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