A presentation about obsessive-compulsive disorder along with symptoms, causes, symptoms, and treatment

1. Obsessive
Compulsive
Disorder
Presented by:
• Bisma Imran- 36
• Samra- 28
• Laiba-26
• Seema Saboor-50
Presented to:
Ms. Arooj Arshad

2. T able of Contents
Diag nosis &
treatment
M edia and OCD
A bout OCD
T ypes of OCD
Causes &
symptoms Conc lusion

3. A bout
OCD
Introduction

4. Introduc tion
● Commonly known as OCD
● Characterized by obsessional thoughts and
compulsive rituals
● OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by
intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness,
apprehension, fear or worry; by repetitive
behaviors aimed at reducing the associated
anxiety; or by a combination of such obsessions
and compulsions
Credit: Photo by Nik Shuliahin on Unsplash

5. ● Repetitive, intrusive thoughts, ideas or impulses that are
recognized as a foreign or repugnant o the individual
● They are voluntary, seemingly uncontrollable thoughts, images or
impulses that occur over and over again in the mind
Obsessions

6. ● Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors that are senseless and are not
connected in a realistic way with what they are meant to produce
or prevent
● The individuals usually recognizes the senselessness of the
behaviors, although they do relieve tension
Compulsion

7. E nerg y c onsumption in OCD

8. PE T sc an of OCD patient

9. ● 80% cases before the age of 18
● Higher in males than females
● But the age of onset is younger in females than males
● It is common in Latin America, Africa, Europe at 2-3 times than
those in Asia and Oceania
E pidemiolog y

10. M ain types of OCD
Cleaning &
contamination
Symmetry
&arrangement
Unacceptable
& taboo
thoughts
Doubt & harm

11. B OU T T H E DIS OR DE R
S Y M PT O
CA U S E S

12. CA U S E S
B IOL OG IC
FA CT OR S
COG N IT IV E
CA U S E
E N E T IC
E N V IR ON M E
N T A L CA U S E
A N OT H E R
CON DIT ION
DE PR E S S ION ,A G

13. B IOL OG ICA L
CA U S E
Ocd is a brain disorder that is caused by incorrect information processing
OCD disrupts communication between the frontal cortex and another part of the brain known as the
ventral striatum. OCD disrupts communication between the frontal cortex and another part of the
brain known as the ventral striatum.
GENETICS CAUSE
Ocd is partially genetics About 25% of OCD sufferers have an immediate
family member with the disorder.
EXAMPLE
Twin studies have indicated that if one twin has OCD, the other is more likely to
have OCD when the twins are identical, rather than fraternal. Overall, studies of twins with OCD
estimate that genetics contributes approximately 45-65% of the risk for developing the disorder.

14. ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSE
Environmental factors such as stress, trauma, or even
bacteria may also play a role in causing OCD.
PANDAS
A rare subtype of childhood OCD that occurs when strep bacteria causes an
immune reaction
ALEXITHYMIA
Difficulty identifying and naming emotions, also played a role in how
many OCD symptoms someone experienced and how severe they were.
COGNITIVE CAUSE
OCD starts when people misinterpret their own thoughts.

15. DEPRESSION
Depression is also sometimes thought to cause OCD.
ANOTHER MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION
Chances of developing OCD might be higher if
you live with an anxiety disorder, eating disorder.
AGE
OCD is most common in older teens and young adults, though people of all ages except
infants can have it.
PREGNANCY
Hormone shifts during pregnancy may trigger OCD in some people.

16. Y M POT OM S
COM M ON OB S E S S ION S
 Fear of g erms and dirt
 ex treme need for order
 fear of hurting y ourself
 fear of embarrassment
 fear of ev il or hostile thoug hts

17. COM M ON COM PL U S ION S
Order
Counting
Chec king
Washing or
c leaning

18. R outine
Collec ting
or hoarding

19. Types of OCD patients
 Those who worry about germs or sickness.
 Feeling incomplete when items are not in order.
 Seeking reassurance that they are not bad people.
 A compulsion to buy multiples of the same items.
*.Having behavioral tics:
 Throat-clearing
 Blinking
 Twitching

20. Diag nosis
o The patient has obsession.
o The patient does compulsive behaviors.
o The obsession and compulsion get in the way of
important activities.
A mental healthcare provider will ask the patient about the
types of symtoms he experienced and how much time they
take up each day.
A trained therapist look for three things:

21. T reatment
psycho-Therapy
Medication

22. T herapies

23. T herapies:
It is a component of CBT therapy. Exposure therapy gradually exposes an individual to
the feared situation or objects such as dirt, in a safe, controlled environment.
Exposure and response prevention:
Cognitive behavior Therapy:
Therapy focuses on changing aspects of the behavior that are disfunctional and
maintaing the anxiety state.

24. ● Antidepressants approved by U.S
Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)
● Clomipramine
● Fluoxetine
● Fluvoxamine
● Paraxetine
● Sertraline
M edic ation

25. ● Psychiatric hospitalization
● Residential treatment
● Transcranial magnetic stimulation
● Electroconvulsant therapy(ECT)
● Deep brain stimulation
Other T reatment Options

26. ● Modeling
● Thought stopping
● Cognitive behavior therapy
Psyc holog ic al treatments

27. ● Everyday conversation, social media, and self-diagnosis by
those who don’t truly possess the disorder all play a part.
They’re not the only guilty parties, though.
● Movies and television shows contribute to the above by
perpetuating stereotypes and painting OCD as a condition
that is funny, quirky, and entertaining enough to make
waves in the Nielsen ratings.
● One of the most accurate accounts comes from the movie
The Aviator, a biographical drama directed by Martin
Scorsese.
H ow OCD Is Portrayed In M ovies & T V
S how s

28. T here are other ex amples of mov ies
w here the time c onsuming and
irrationality of c ompulsions are
portray ed reasonably . One of these is A s
G ood as it G ets, a film that stars J ac k
N ic holson as M elv in U dall, an author
dealing w ith OCD

29. Women and men are affected at equal
rates and 19 years of age is the average for
symptoms of OCD first appearing.
“
”

30. This is a complex and debilitating
disorder, affecting around 1-2% of
people.
We’re all ‘a little OCD’
Not really. people with OCD experience
intensely negative, combined with a chronic
feeling of doubt or danger.
People w ith OCD w ash their hands non
stop
Not possible. People with OCD find
it difficult to dismiss their anxiety
and unpleasant thoughts.
T hey just need to be more
relax ed
Not necessarily. To quell an obsessive thought or
anxiety, people with OCD will often repeat an
action – their compulsions.
People w ith OCD just hav e to learn to liv e w ith
it
There is no reason for anyone to ‘put up’ with OCD
if it is having a detriment on their daily life.
It’s about being obsessiv ely tidy or
c lean
M yths vs R eality

31. David Beckham
World-renowned
soccer player
Katy Perry
Singer,songwriter
Howard Hughes
American magnate
Leonardo DiCaprio
Oscar Award winning actor
Lena Dunham
Actress and writer
Howard Stern
Longtime shock-jock
and radio icon
Fiona Apple
Recording artist
and writer
Justin Timberlake
Pop icon
Howie Mandel
9 Famous People and Celebrities With OCD

32. Conc lusion
s
● It has been seen in this research that in Pakistani
society OCD is one of the major mental health
problems prevailing in females.
● In Pakistan, society is not very much supportive
towards mental health problems so instead of
recovery, relapse rate is high.
● Severe problems are faced by married females in our
society.
● Due to lack of awareness regarding OCD, females are
being exploited by other people of the society (in-
laws, family, friends etc) and are unable to do job or
unable to live a normal married life with specific to
Pakistani culture.