Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming model that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic. An object can be defined as a data field that has unique attributes and behavior.
OOP focuses on the objects that developers want to manipulate rather than the logic required to manipulate them. This approach to programming is well-suited for programs that are large, complex and actively updated or maintained. This includes programs for manufacturing and design, as well as mobile applications; for example, OOP can be used for manufacturing system simulation software.
database management system - overview of entire dbmsvikramkagitapu
What is DBMS? Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data. A DBMS serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to create, read, update, and delete data in the databas
database management system - overview of entire dbmsvikramkagitapu
What is DBMS? Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data. A DBMS serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to create, read, update, and delete data in the databas
Data Warehouse Physical Design,Physical Data Model, Tablespaces, Integrity Constraints, ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) ,OLAP Server Architectures, MOLAP vs. ROLAP, Distributed Data Warehouse ,
Database management system full theory portion is covered. It's helpful to students who are in any management courses.all the best to all of you, this ppt might be helpful for you.Database management system full theory portion is covered. It's helpful to students who are in any management courses.all the best to all of you, this ppt might be helpful for you.Database management system full theory portion is covered. It's helpful to students who are in any management courses.all the best to all of you, this ppt might be helpful for you.Database management system full theory portion is covered. It's helpful to students who are in any management courses.all the best to all of you, this ppt might be helpful for you.
Database management system is a computer software system that has been designed to manage databases, Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access among others are examples of DBMS.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Soft computing is the use of approximate calculations to provide imprecise but usable solutions to complex computational problems. The approach enables solutions for problems that may be either unsolvable or just too time-consuming to solve with current hardware.
Advanced computer architecture includes study of instruction set design, parallel processing, bit, instruction, and data level parallelism, distributed computing, virtualization architecture, and cloud and mobile architecture. The chapter also introduces quantum computing architecture including quantum bits, quantum gates, quantum circuits and operations, and Qiskit, a toolkit for quantum computing programming and applications. Advanced architecture for AI/ML applications is also briefly discussed.
Data Warehouse Physical Design,Physical Data Model, Tablespaces, Integrity Constraints, ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) ,OLAP Server Architectures, MOLAP vs. ROLAP, Distributed Data Warehouse ,
Database management system full theory portion is covered. It's helpful to students who are in any management courses.all the best to all of you, this ppt might be helpful for you.Database management system full theory portion is covered. It's helpful to students who are in any management courses.all the best to all of you, this ppt might be helpful for you.Database management system full theory portion is covered. It's helpful to students who are in any management courses.all the best to all of you, this ppt might be helpful for you.Database management system full theory portion is covered. It's helpful to students who are in any management courses.all the best to all of you, this ppt might be helpful for you.
Database management system is a computer software system that has been designed to manage databases, Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access among others are examples of DBMS.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Soft computing is the use of approximate calculations to provide imprecise but usable solutions to complex computational problems. The approach enables solutions for problems that may be either unsolvable or just too time-consuming to solve with current hardware.
Advanced computer architecture includes study of instruction set design, parallel processing, bit, instruction, and data level parallelism, distributed computing, virtualization architecture, and cloud and mobile architecture. The chapter also introduces quantum computing architecture including quantum bits, quantum gates, quantum circuits and operations, and Qiskit, a toolkit for quantum computing programming and applications. Advanced architecture for AI/ML applications is also briefly discussed.
Gain a robust foundation of management tools, crucial skills and competitive certification. Think strategically, grow better in tough markets with IIM Kozhikode. Starts Dec 30, 2022. Flexible Payment Options. IIM Kozhikode Programme. Executive Alumni Status. Learn Leadership Skills. Real-world Case Studies. Courses: Corporate Governance, Digital Transformation, Strategic Marketing.
The internet of things is a technology that allows us to add a device to an inert object (for example: vehicles, plant electronic systems, roofs, lighting, etc.) that can measure environmental parameters, generate associated data and transmit them through a communications network.
Digital Image Processing (DIP) is a software which is used to manipulate the digital images by the use of computer system. It is also used to enhance the images, to get some important information from it. For example: Adobe Photoshop, MATLAB, etc.
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a machine learning method that empowers a specialist to learn in an intuitive environment by performing trial and error utilizing observations from its very own activities and encounters.
The client server computing works with a system of request and response. The client sends a request to the server and the server responds with the desired information. The client and server should follow a common communication protocol so they can easily interact with each other.
Matplotlib is a 2D graphics package used for Python for application development, interactive scripting, and publication-quality image generation across user interfaces and operating systems.
A distributed computer system consists of multiple software components that are on multiple computers, but run as a single system. The computers that are in a distributed system can be physically close together and connected by a local network, or they can be geographically distant and connected by a wide area network.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.
It is a part of Java programming language. It is an advanced technology or advance version of Java specially designed to develop web-based, network-centric or enterprise applications. It includes the concepts like Servlet, JSP, JDBC, RMI, Socket programming, etc. It is a specialization in specific domain.
Network Security protects your network and data from breaches, intrusions and other threats. ... Network Security involves access control, virus and antivirus software, application security, network analytics, types of network-related security (endpoint, web, wireless), firewalls, VPN encryption and more.
Knowing what's inside and how it works will help you design, develop, and implement applications better, faster, cheaper, more efficient, and easier to use because you will be able to make informed decisions instead of guestimating and assuming.
Dynamic programming is both a mathematical optimization method and a computer programming method. The method was developed by Richard Bellman in the 1950s and has found applications in numerous fields, from aerospace engineering to economics.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
1. Nadar Saraswathi College Arts and Science, Theni.
OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
TOPIC: Design classes
BY.,
G.NIBIYA.,II-MSC(IT)
2. Data management system
Introduction:
A database management system (or DBMS) is essentially nothing more than a computerized
data-keeping system. Users of the system are given facilities to perform several kinds of
operations on such a system for either manipulation of the data in the database or the
management of the database structure itself. Database Management Systems (DBMSs) are
categorized according to their data structures or types.
3. Types
There are several types of databases that can be used on a mainframe to exploit z/OS®: inverted
list, hierarchic, network, or relational.
Mainframe sites tend to use a hierarchical model when the data structure (not data values) of
the data needed for an application is relatively static. For example, a Bill of Material (BOM)
database structure always has a high level assembly part number, and several levels of
components with subcomponents. The structure usually has a component forecast, cost, and
pricing data, and so on. The structure of the data for a BOM application rarely changes, and new
data elements (not values) are rarely identified. An application normally starts at the top with
the assembly part number, and goes down to the detail components.
4. What structures exist in a relational database?
Database
A database is a logical grouping of data. It contains a set of related table spaces and index
spaces. Typically, a database contains all the data that is associated with one application or
with a group of related applications. You could have a payroll database or an inventory
database, for example.
5. table
A table is a logical structure made up of rows and columns. Rows have no fixed order, so if you retrieve data
you might need to sort the data. The order of the columns is the order specified when the table was
created by the database administrator. At the intersection of every column and row is a specific data item
called a value, or, more precisely, an atomic value. A table is named with a high-level qualifier of the
owner's user ID followed by the table name, for example TEST.DEPT or PROD.DEPT. There are three
types of tables:
• A base table that is created and holds persistent data
• A temporary table that stores intermediate query results
• A results table that is returned when you query tables.
6. index
An index is an ordered set of pointers to rows of a table. Unlike the rows of a table that are not in a specific
order, an index must always be maintained in order by DB2®. An index is used for two purposes:
• For performance, to retrieve data values more quickly
• For uniqueness.
By creating an index on an employee's name, you can retrieve data more quickly for that employee than by
scanning the entire table. Also, by creating a unique index on an employee number, DB2 will enforce the
uniqueness of each value. A unique index is the only way DB2 can enforce uniqueness.
Creating an index automatically creates the index space, the data set that contains the index.
7. keys
A key is one or more columns that are identified as such in the creation of a table or index, or in the definition of
referential integrity.
Primary key
A table can only have one primary key because it defines the entity. There are two requirements for a primary key:
1. It must have a value, that is, it cannot be null.
2. It must be unique, that is, it must have a unique index defined on it.
8. Unique key
We already know that a primary key must be unique, but it is possible to have more than one unique key in a table. In our
EMP table example, the employee number is defined as the primary key and is therefore unique. If we also had
a social security value in our table, hopefully that value would be unique. To guarantee this, you could create a
unique index on the social security column.
Foreign key
A foreign key is a key that is specified in a referential integrity constraint to make its existence dependent on a primary or
unique key (parent key) in another table.
9. Data organization access control
What is data access control?
Data access control is a technique used to regulate employees access to files in an organization.
It involves leveraging the principle of least privilege (POLP), i.e., managing employees' access
rights based on their roles in the organization, and defining and limiting what data they have
access to.
10. Types of data access control
Organizations have to select a data access control policy that will best meet their requirements.
There are four types of access control systems set apart by how the permissions are assigned to
users.
11. Mandatory access control (MAC):
This access model makes use of a central authority to assign access rights to all employees. The
administrator classifies system resources and users based on their risk level and access
requirements. The access to resources is based on the privileges that the user possesses.
The MAC model provides a high level of data protection and is used by government agencies to
secure highly classified information. While it provides a high level of protection, the MAC model
is difficult to set up and use, which is why it is usually used along with other access models like
discretionary access control (DAC).
12. Discretionary access control (DAC):
In a DAC model, the data owner decides who is eligible to access their data. The owner sets
policies that determine who is authorized to access the resource, which gives this model more
flexibility and makes it perfect for small to medium-sized organizations. Also, this model is the
least restrictive, as the owner has complete control over their files. The lack of a central
authority makes this model hard to manage, as the ACL of each file has to be checked in case of
any discrepancy.
13. Role-based access control (RBAC):
The RBAC model is the most widely used control mechanism, as it aligns with the role and needs
of every individual in the organization. It uses the principle of least privilege (POLP) to assign
privileges based on the needs of an individual's role in the organization. Any user attempting to
access data outside their scope is restricted.
14. Distributed database
A distributed database is basically a database that is not limited to one system, it is spread over
different sites, i.e, on multiple computers or over a network of computers. A distributed
database system is located on various sites that don’t share physical components. This may be
required when a particular database needs to be accessed by various users globally. It needs to
be managed such that for the users it looks like one single database.
15. types
1. Homogeneous Database:
In a homogeneous database, all different sites store database identically. The operating system,
database management system, and the data structures used – all are the same at all sites.
Hence, they’re easy to manage.
16. 2. Heterogeneous Database:
In a heterogeneous distributed database, different sites can use different schema and software
that can lead to problems in query processing and transactions. Also, a particular site might be
completely unaware of the other sites. Different computers may use a different operating
system, different database application. They may even use different data models for the
database. Hence, translations are required for different sites to communicate.
17. Distributed Data Storage :
There are 2 ways in which data can be stored on different sites. These are:
1. Replication –
In this approach, the entire relationship is stored redundantly at 2 or more sites. If the entire
database is available at all sites, it is a fully redundant database. Hence, in replication, systems
maintain copies of data.
18. This is advantageous as it increases the availability of data at different sites. Also, now query
requests can be processed in parallel.
However, it has certain disadvantages as well. Data needs to be constantly updated. Any change
made at one site needs to be recorded at every site that relation is stored or else it may lead to
inconsistency. This is a lot of overhead. Also, concurrency control becomes way more complex as
concurrent access now needs to be checked over a number of sites.
19. 2. Fragmentation –
In this approach, the relations are fragmented (i.e., they’re divided into smaller parts) and each
of the fragments is stored in different sites where they’re required. It must be made sure that
the fragments are such that they can be used to reconstruct the original relation (i.e, there isn’t
any loss of data).
Fragmentation is advantageous as it doesn’t create copies of data, consistency is not a problem