3. Obesity is a widespread phenomenon.
It has doubled since 1980.
In 2008 more than 1.4 billion adults
(>20y) were overweight
Definition: abnormal or excessive fat
accumulation that may impair health.
4. Obesity is based on the BMI or Body Mass
Index
Overweight is a Body Mass Index greater
than or equal to 25, a Body Mass Index
greater than or equal to 30 is obesity.
5. The 2009 results of the German Federal
Statistics Office:
Every second German is overweight
Every sixth is actually obese.
6. Health implications are enormous
◦ Higher risk to develop a multitude of
comorbidities
Type2 diabetes mellitus
Coronary heart disease
Some cancer types
19. Most people consume more calories than
they burn.
Eating too much and exercising too little.
Many other factors
20. Age:
◦ As you get older, your body’s ability to
metabolize food slows down.
Gender:
◦ Men have a higher resting metabolic rate.
Genetics:
◦ Obesity related genes could affect how we
metabolise food or store fat.
◦ Not destined to be obese, you have a higher
risk.
21. Environmental factors:
◦ Closely related to nutrition an physical activity.
Physical activity:
◦ Active individuals require more calories than
less active ones to maintain their weight.
Illness:
◦ Hormone problems may slow down metabolism
24. The government:
◦ 2007: shocking study showed the severity of
the obesity problem in Germany
◦ 2008: German Government developed 21
initiatives to improve living in Germany
=> Initiative 14 concerns obesity
25. 14a
Health and nutrition
Living more healthily for longer
Premature mortality
(cases of death per 100,000 residents under 65) men
Reduction to 190 cases per 100,000 by 2015
14b
Premature mortality (cases of death per 100,000 residents under
65) women
Reduction to 115 cases per 100,000 by 2015
14c
Proportion of adolescents who smoke (12- to 17-year-olds)
Decrease to under 12% by 2015
14d
Proportion of adults who smoke (15 years and older)
Decrease to under 22% by 2015
14e
Proportion of obese people (adults, 18 and older)
Reduction by 2020
26.
27. 2008 -> 2020 = 12 years to reduce the
obesity rate in Germany
30 000 000 Euros
28. List of initiatives
Education on healthy eating and physical
activity;
Tougher standards on school food
programs;
Better product labeling by the food
industry;
Reduced advertising by the makers of
sweets and junk food that target children;
31. FIT instead of FAT campaign
Improving the quality of food offered in
schools and hospitals;
Encouraging children to participate in
physical activity.
32. German Politics seem to be aware of the
problem.
But if we are honest; they don’t seem to
take that much action to really adress
obesity, which is a big risk to public health…
37. CANCER
◦ Hormone related cancers such as
breast, endometrium, ovary, cervix and
testicles
◦ Also : pancreas, colon, rectum, kidney
38. GALLSTONES
◦ 3 to 5 times more often than in non-obese
people (especially women)
◦ Often painless
◦ Can cause gallstone attacks, acute
inflammation of the gall and of the pancreas
39. HIATUS HERNIA AND INFLAMMATION OF THE
OESOPHAGUS
LUNG FUNCTION – RESPIRATORY DISEASE
◦ Asthma : obesity increases risk by 50 %
◦ Obstructive sleep apnea : 50 % – 75 % are obese
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
◦ Arthritis : knee and hip
◦ Obese patients account for one-third of all joint
replacement operations
◦ Lower back pain, lower limb pain
40. REPRODUCTION
◦ Women
PCOS
Increased risk of early and late miscarriage
Gestational diabetes
Preeclampsia
Complications during labor and delivery
Slightly increased chance of bearing a child with
congenital anomalies
Correlation between increasing BMI and problems
with arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction
41. ◦ Men
BMI > 35 -> low sperm count and poor sperm
motility
Erectile dysfunction increases with increasing BMI
