One Health and food safety research in developing countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Rortana Chea at a seminar on 'Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance: One Health Perspectives', Battambang, Cambodia, 12 August 2019.
Nutritional Neuroscience: Thinking Twice about the Foods that Feed your Brain. Rachel V. Gow, PhD
This talk discusses the latest neuroscientific findings on the links between nutrition and mental health, well-being and performance. It provides evidence that specific nutrients are “brain-selective” and can act in comparable ways to pharmaceutical drugs. It also outlines the implications of the change in food production as a result of the agricultural revolution in favor of mass food production and how common nutritional insufficiencies may lead to physical and mental ill-health. The presentation discusses which foods may help optimise brain function with a focus on omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids.
"Overview: Sustainable agriculture production and diversification for healthy...ExternalEvents
"www.fao.org/about/meetings/sustainable-food-systems-nutrition-symposium
The International Symposium on Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition was jointly held by FAO and WHO in December 2016 to explore policies and programme options for shaping the food systems in ways that deliver foods for a healthy diet, focusing on concrete country experiences and challenges. This Symposium waas the first large-scale contribution under the UN Decade of Action for Nutrition 2016-2025. This presentation was part of Parallel session 1.1: Sustainable agriculture production and diversification for healthy diets"
Plant-based Eating: Enhancing Health Benefits, Minimizing Nutritional RisksRobin Allen
Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the participants will be able to:
1. Know there is no single definition of a plant-based diet.
2. Discuss health aspects of vegetarian and vegan diets and quality of evidence supporting health claims.
3. Assess nutritional adequacy/status of vegetarians and/or vegans throughout the life cycle and provide strategies for meeting dietary recommendations for vitamin B12, DHA calcium, and zinc.
One Health and food safety research in developing countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Rortana Chea at a seminar on 'Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance: One Health Perspectives', Battambang, Cambodia, 12 August 2019.
Nutritional Neuroscience: Thinking Twice about the Foods that Feed your Brain. Rachel V. Gow, PhD
This talk discusses the latest neuroscientific findings on the links between nutrition and mental health, well-being and performance. It provides evidence that specific nutrients are “brain-selective” and can act in comparable ways to pharmaceutical drugs. It also outlines the implications of the change in food production as a result of the agricultural revolution in favor of mass food production and how common nutritional insufficiencies may lead to physical and mental ill-health. The presentation discusses which foods may help optimise brain function with a focus on omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids.
"Overview: Sustainable agriculture production and diversification for healthy...ExternalEvents
"www.fao.org/about/meetings/sustainable-food-systems-nutrition-symposium
The International Symposium on Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition was jointly held by FAO and WHO in December 2016 to explore policies and programme options for shaping the food systems in ways that deliver foods for a healthy diet, focusing on concrete country experiences and challenges. This Symposium waas the first large-scale contribution under the UN Decade of Action for Nutrition 2016-2025. This presentation was part of Parallel session 1.1: Sustainable agriculture production and diversification for healthy diets"
Plant-based Eating: Enhancing Health Benefits, Minimizing Nutritional RisksRobin Allen
Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the participants will be able to:
1. Know there is no single definition of a plant-based diet.
2. Discuss health aspects of vegetarian and vegan diets and quality of evidence supporting health claims.
3. Assess nutritional adequacy/status of vegetarians and/or vegans throughout the life cycle and provide strategies for meeting dietary recommendations for vitamin B12, DHA calcium, and zinc.
IFPRI's flagship report reviews the major food policy issues, developments, and decisions of 2017, and highlights challenges and opportunities for 2018 at the global and regional levels. This year's report looks at the impacts of greater global integration—including the movement of goods, investment, people, and knowledge—and the threat of current antiglobalization pressures. Drawing on recent research, IFPRI researchers and other distinguished food policy experts consider a range of timely topics:
■ How can the global food system deliver food security for all in the face of the radical changes taking place today?
■ What is the role of trade in improving food security, nutrition, and sustainability?
■ How can international investment best contribute to local food security and better food systems in developing countries?
■ Do voluntary and involuntary migration increase or decrease food security in source countries and host countries?
■ What opportunities does greater data availability open up for improving agriculture and food security?
■ How does reform of developed-country farm support policies affect global food security?
■ How can global governance structures better address problems of food security and nutrition?
■ What major trends and events affected food security and nutrition across the globe in 2017?
The 2018 Global Food Policy Report also presents data tables and visualizations for several key food policy indicators, including country-level data on hunger, agricultural spending and research investment, and projections for future agricultural production and consumption. In addition to illustrative figures, tables, and a timeline of food policy events in 2017, the report includes the results of a global opinion poll on globalization and the current state of food policy.
Pakistan’s Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Strategy by Amna Ejaz, Research Analyst, IFPRI-Pakistan.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Join Doc Andrew to see the research that supports plant based diet recommendations. Address common misconceptions. Ask questions @DenverWWAD or join current discussions at #PlantBased, #PlantBasedRx, or #CulinaryRx.
Also, enjoy bonus learning with these topic-related, 2-minute podcasts by Dr. Andrew:
"The Plant Based Diet and How to Get Started"
https://soundcloud.com/denverwwad/healthcast-23
"Eat Your Way to the Finish Line"
https://soundcloud.com/denverwwad/healthcast-4
Andrew Freeman, MD, FACC, FACP is a cardiologist and Assistant Professor of Medicine at National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado. He is part of the leadership of both the local and national American College of Cardiology.
Dr. Freeman founded the Denver chapter of the Walk with a Doc program and is the leader of Walk with a Doc-Colorado.
Walk with a Doc-Denver is a free health improvement and community empowerment initiative. Local doctors and a team of healthcare professionals--all volunteers--host Saturday walks that include expert talks, health screenings, refreshments, and motivational giveaways. For more info visit: Denver.WalkWithADoc.org
For our seventh Future Thought Leaders presentation, in collaboration with the UC San Diego Center for Integrative Nutrition, a panel of experts will discuss the rise in the use of alternative medicine and nutritional healing to treat chronic disease and maintain general well-being.
Confirmed panelists (with more to come):
Dr. John Fagan: Executive Director of Earth Open Source Institute
Zen Honeycutt: Founder and Director of Moms Across America
Stepheni Norton: Co-owner of Dickinson Farm and Farmacy
Sheila Patel: MD, Medical Director, Chopra Center Mind Body Group
Gordon Saxe, MD, PhD: Director, UCSD Center for Integrative Nutrition and Chair of Research, Krupp Endowed Fund
Anita Wilson: Director of the Gerson Institute
A food policy is designed to influence the operation of the food system network of farms, distributors, restaurants, retailers, and consumers . It impacts on how food is produced, processed, distributed, marketed, consumed, and disposed. Implementing good food policies is crucial to achieving more equitable and sustainable food systems. This paper provides a brief introduction on food policy. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Tolulope J. Ashaolu | Sarhan M. Musa ""Food Policy: An Introduction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30133.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/food-engineering/30133/food-policy-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Learn about the Mediterranean diet, including its role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Find out how the Mediterranean diet can help protect and improve your health and increase your odds for a long life.
While obesity has been called a disease and an epidemic, it’s becoming more obvious that
it will take a multi-factorial effort to address the challenge of the overweight around the globe. And just as no one wakes up one morning 100 pounds overweight—it happens incrementally, day by day and year by year—there is no magic solution that will
suddenly stem the tide.
IFPRI's flagship report reviews the major food policy issues, developments, and decisions of 2017, and highlights challenges and opportunities for 2018 at the global and regional levels. This year's report looks at the impacts of greater global integration—including the movement of goods, investment, people, and knowledge—and the threat of current antiglobalization pressures. Drawing on recent research, IFPRI researchers and other distinguished food policy experts consider a range of timely topics:
■ How can the global food system deliver food security for all in the face of the radical changes taking place today?
■ What is the role of trade in improving food security, nutrition, and sustainability?
■ How can international investment best contribute to local food security and better food systems in developing countries?
■ Do voluntary and involuntary migration increase or decrease food security in source countries and host countries?
■ What opportunities does greater data availability open up for improving agriculture and food security?
■ How does reform of developed-country farm support policies affect global food security?
■ How can global governance structures better address problems of food security and nutrition?
■ What major trends and events affected food security and nutrition across the globe in 2017?
The 2018 Global Food Policy Report also presents data tables and visualizations for several key food policy indicators, including country-level data on hunger, agricultural spending and research investment, and projections for future agricultural production and consumption. In addition to illustrative figures, tables, and a timeline of food policy events in 2017, the report includes the results of a global opinion poll on globalization and the current state of food policy.
Pakistan’s Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Strategy by Amna Ejaz, Research Analyst, IFPRI-Pakistan.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Join Doc Andrew to see the research that supports plant based diet recommendations. Address common misconceptions. Ask questions @DenverWWAD or join current discussions at #PlantBased, #PlantBasedRx, or #CulinaryRx.
Also, enjoy bonus learning with these topic-related, 2-minute podcasts by Dr. Andrew:
"The Plant Based Diet and How to Get Started"
https://soundcloud.com/denverwwad/healthcast-23
"Eat Your Way to the Finish Line"
https://soundcloud.com/denverwwad/healthcast-4
Andrew Freeman, MD, FACC, FACP is a cardiologist and Assistant Professor of Medicine at National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado. He is part of the leadership of both the local and national American College of Cardiology.
Dr. Freeman founded the Denver chapter of the Walk with a Doc program and is the leader of Walk with a Doc-Colorado.
Walk with a Doc-Denver is a free health improvement and community empowerment initiative. Local doctors and a team of healthcare professionals--all volunteers--host Saturday walks that include expert talks, health screenings, refreshments, and motivational giveaways. For more info visit: Denver.WalkWithADoc.org
For our seventh Future Thought Leaders presentation, in collaboration with the UC San Diego Center for Integrative Nutrition, a panel of experts will discuss the rise in the use of alternative medicine and nutritional healing to treat chronic disease and maintain general well-being.
Confirmed panelists (with more to come):
Dr. John Fagan: Executive Director of Earth Open Source Institute
Zen Honeycutt: Founder and Director of Moms Across America
Stepheni Norton: Co-owner of Dickinson Farm and Farmacy
Sheila Patel: MD, Medical Director, Chopra Center Mind Body Group
Gordon Saxe, MD, PhD: Director, UCSD Center for Integrative Nutrition and Chair of Research, Krupp Endowed Fund
Anita Wilson: Director of the Gerson Institute
A food policy is designed to influence the operation of the food system network of farms, distributors, restaurants, retailers, and consumers . It impacts on how food is produced, processed, distributed, marketed, consumed, and disposed. Implementing good food policies is crucial to achieving more equitable and sustainable food systems. This paper provides a brief introduction on food policy. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Tolulope J. Ashaolu | Sarhan M. Musa ""Food Policy: An Introduction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30133.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/food-engineering/30133/food-policy-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Learn about the Mediterranean diet, including its role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Find out how the Mediterranean diet can help protect and improve your health and increase your odds for a long life.
While obesity has been called a disease and an epidemic, it’s becoming more obvious that
it will take a multi-factorial effort to address the challenge of the overweight around the globe. And just as no one wakes up one morning 100 pounds overweight—it happens incrementally, day by day and year by year—there is no magic solution that will
suddenly stem the tide.
Research of different economic models and their viability to help improve foo...Calvin Korponai
The paper was written with the purpose to help eradicate the food desert in East Gainesville, in parternship with the Greater-Gainesville Food System Coalition, which is 1)a grassroots coalition of diverse local stakeholders who are working to improve our local food system for our larger community, 2) cooperative space where people representing different sectors of the food system can come together to collaborate, and 3) to focus on Food Access, Policy, and Economic Development
This presentation is the result of René Mikkelsen and my work in the course, Health Campaigns. The goal with the campaign is to promote healthy eating in the United States (San Diego), and we chose a positive perspective to ensure a high level of message reception
They Point to More Effective Weight Loss Strategies!RENGAN SRINIVASAN
Overeating Isn't the Primary Cause of Obesity, According to Scientists - They Point to More Effective Weight Loss Strategies!
Obesity in Adults: Facts and Figures.
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity.
The starch insulin model isn't new; it dates back to the mid-nineteenth century.
Solving the Toxic Food System in America through Systemic Thinking Bianca Esposito
During my Fall 2016 semester of college, I worked with a team of classmates in my Critical Issues in Organizations course to propose a solution to improve the toxic food system by increasing the demand of healthy food. In order to achieve our mission, we plan on altering food marketing strategies through product, placement, promotion, and price.
Obesity In America
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. Obesity and
Public Heath:
The Social Environment
of Food Choice
Image source: https://uxdesign.cc/are-you-being-nudged-60046975ef86
2. The McGovern Report and
the Rise of Obesity in the U.S.
• Until about the 1970s, hunger and malnourishment were
bigger public health concerns in the U.S. than overweight
and obesity.
• The 1977 McGovern report, issued by the Senate Select
Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, released the
first federal dietary guidelines in U.S. history and warned
that recent changes in American dietary habits posed a
great threat to public health. The report suggested that an
improved diet would cut healthcare costs significantly by
reducing the incidence and severity of chronic diet-related
illness and disease.
• In particular, the report warned, “The American diet has
become increasingly rich—rich in meat, and other sources
of saturated fat and cholesterol, and in sugar.” It called for
largescale changes in diet to improve overall health, which
immediately put meat, milk, and diary producers, as well
as sugar and salt lobbies, on the defensive.
3. The Food Industry Response
• Under pressure from the food
industry, the McGovern report was
revised so that it no longer
recommended decreased
consumption of meat and eggs and
instead encouraged consumption of
products with reduced saturated fats.
• Perhaps more importantly, the food
industry succeeded in disbanding the
select committee, moving federal
nutrition guidance under the
jurisdiction of the Committee on
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry,
which is strongly loyal to the interests
of food producers.
Above, the Cattlemen’s Association, representing the meat
industry, stated its objections to the McGovern report.
4. The “Low Fat” / “Fat Free”
Craze of the 1980s
• In the 1980s, the food industry flipped
nutrition advice to “eat less fat” and turned it
into a marketing tool, creating scores of new
processed foods advertised as “low fat” or “fat
free” and therefore offered as “healthy”
alternatives to other junk foods.
• In order to make “low fat” or “fat free” foods
palatable, food processors added lots of sugar,
an industry transition that fueled consumer
taste for sweetness and, with it, rising rates of
overweight and obesity, even (or especially)
among consumers seeking to reduce fat intake
to lose weight.
• In reality, of course, dietary fat is necessary
for the human body. Body fat cannot be
reduced by only reducing the amount of
dietary fat one consumes. Calories, especially
calories from added sugars, are central to
processes of weight gain and weight loss.
5. After four decades of this trend, about 70 percent of the U.S. population
is currently overweight or obese.
6.
7. The Costs of the Obesity “Epidemic”
In addition to the individual health risks
associated with obesity—namely Type II
diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease,
liver disease, stroke, and certain cancers—there
are societal costs associated with rising rates of
obesity as well. These include higher
insurance costs, lost worker productivity due to
illness or disability, and decreased military
readiness, as nearly one-third of Americans of
military age are physically unfit to serve.
Image source: https://www.endocrineweb.com/professional/obesity/obesity-cancer-evidence-grows-supporting-link
8. Choice Architecture*
• Consumers “can be greatly influenced by
small changes in context” (pg. 639). This
means that the ways that options are
presented to a consumer are likely to
influence the choices they make by “focusing
the attention of users in a particular
direction” (pg. 640).
• This context (e.g. the ways items are
arranged in a store) can be understood as
choice architecture. The people who make
decisions about how to present various
options are choice architects. A key premise
of the concept of choice architecture is that
“there is no such thing as a ‘neutral’ design”
(pg. 640). Every design increases the
likelihood of a particular outcome. *“Selections from Nudge”
by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein
Image source: https://online.jessup.edu/blog/business/choice-architecture/
9. Which of these register displays is more likely to encourage a
consumer to buy an apple? A candy bar?
10. Libertarian Paternalism
• Thaler and Sunstein advance a “movement” they term libertarian paternalism,
which aims to “steer people’s choices in directions that will improve their lives”
while still allowing them to make other choices if they want to do so “because
[those other] choices are not blocked, fenced off, or significantly burdensome”
(pg. 641). Libertarian paternalism aims to guide decision-making rather than
command or direct it.
• Drawing on social science research, the authors argue that “in many cases,
individuals make pretty bad decisions—decisions they would not have made if
they had paid full attention and possessed completed information, unlimited
cognitive abilities, and complete self-control” (pg. 641). In general, people tend to
do what they have done before (maintain the status quo) or make the choice that is
suggested to them (the default option). For example, although a consumer can
request water and fruit instead of soda and fries with a fast food kid’s meal, if soda
and fries are the default option, then that is what most people will get.
11. “Nudges”
• Thaler and Sunstein advocate the use of “nudges”—“any aspect of
choice architecture that alters people’s behavior in a predictable way
without forbidding any options or significantly changing their
economic incentives” (pg. 642).
• Policies such as age restrictions (21+) or upcharges (a higher price) on
items like soda exceed the realm of mere “nudging” because those
policies measurably change a consumers’ options or the cost of
making a particular choice.
• Easy ways to nudge consumers toward healthier food choices include
putting those choices at eye-level, near the cash register, or at the
beginning of a buffet or cafeteria line.
12. Which of these floor layouts is more likely to nudge a consumer to purchase bottled
water rather than a sugary beverage?
Image source: https://jamesclear.com/choice-architecture
13. How does this display nudge consumers to buy water rather than a carbonated soft drink?
14. The Scenario: You are the Director of Food Services for a large school
system.
You are the choice architect, the person who determines how the food choices
will be presented to the students.
Options:
1. Arrange the food to make the students best off, all things considered.
2. Choose the food order at random.
3. Try to arrange the food to get the kids to pick the same food they would
choose on their own.
4. Maximize the sales of the items from the suppliers that are willing to offer the
largest bribes.
5. Maximize profits, period.
School cafeterias can encourage children subconsciously to make healthier
food choices. How? What are the benefits of “nudging”?
Adapted from Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein,
15. How does this “choice architecture” nudge students away from choosing fries
(but maybe also apples)?
16. Studies have shown that larger portion sizes encourage people to consume more. In other words,
consumers think (consciously or not) that the amount of food or drink they are served is the right
amount for them to eat. What does this chart suggest about serving sizes of soda over time? How
does this correlate to the rise of public discourse about dieting and obesity? Note that when the
obesity epidemic took off in the 1980s, 32 ounces of soda was considered a large serving.
Serving Sizes
and
Portion Control
18. Public health campaigns like this one from Los Angeles aim
to remind consumers of the importance of portion control.
Image source: http://www.choosehealthla.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/portion-control-tips-choosehealthla-1.pdf
19. Image source: https://www.motherjones.com/media/2012/06/supersize-biggest-sodas-mcdonalds-big-gulp-chart/
This image compares standard McDonald’s cup sizes in the U.S. and Japan.
What do you notice? What does this comparison suggest about the amount of soda
McDonald’s suggests is appropriate for a child? For useful context, consider that whereas the
U.S. has consistently ranked near the top of the world in rates of obesity, Japan has the longest
life expectancy, and by many measures the healthiest population, on earth.
20. What do these cartoons suggest about
government efforts to limit consumption of
junk food items like sodas and fries?
In what ways do they suggest that
government regulations are at odds with
consumer freedom (i.e. the “freedom” to
consume)?
21. What message do these ads offer about efforts of local
governments to encourage healthy eating?