Fungicide Plant Nutrient Tank Buffer - Nutrol® is ideal for use as a bio-pesticide, tank buffer and water soluble fertilizer. Nutrol® is environmentally friendly, effective and safe to use.
Identification of Antibacterial Efficacy of Flavonoids of Anaegissus rotundif...BRNSS Publication Hub
Introduction: Antibacterial efficacy of flavonoids (bound and free) of different parts (root, stem, bark, flower, and gum) of Anaegissus rotundifolia was evaluated against seven bacteria (Bacillus subtilis = Gram-positive, Escherichia coli, Raoultella planticola, Enterobactor aerogens, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens = Gram-negative bacteria). Material and Method: Flavonoids extracts of all the plant parts were found to possess strong antibacterial efficacy against these test pathogens, as revealed by zone of inhibition (ZOI [mm ± standard deviation]), activity index (AI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC [mg/ml]), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC [mg/ml]), and total activity (TA [ml/g]) of extracts against each sensitive test pathogens were also evaluated. All the pathogens were found to be sensitive against these flavonoid extracts. Result: Flavonoid extract of the root and stem showed the best activity against B. subtilis (Gram-positive bacteria), ZOI (16.50 ± 0.24 mm), AI (1.100), MIC (0.078 mg/ml), and MBC (0.157 mg/ml). Highest TA (456.410 ml/g) of gum alkaloid was found against B. subtilis (G +ve bacteria). The findings of the present study suggested the exploitation of alkaloid extracts of Anaegissus rotundifolia for future antimicrobial drugs.
ppt of fate of pesticides in environment or environmental polution by pesticidesSundaresh Kalal
Nature is blessed with wide range of organisms where it perfectly balances the food chain and the ecosystem. Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and some fungi antagonists are important biocontrol agents used against plant pathogenic bacteria which are known to produce special structures known as siderophores. Siderophores are defined as relatively low molecular weight, ferric ion specific chelating agents elaborated by bacteria and fungi growing under low iron stress (Neilands, 1981). The role of these compounds is to scavenge iron from the environment and to make the mineral. There are three main kinds of Siderophores known as hydroxamate, catecholate and carboxylate. Most organisms require iron as an essential element in a variety of metabolic and informational cellular pathways. In the aerobic environment iron exists mainly as Fe (III) and tends to form insoluble hydroxides and oxyhydroxides, making it largely unavailable to microorganisms. Therefore, they need mechanisms to solubilize Fe (III) to make it available for uptake; these mechanisms usually involve the production of siderophores.
Identification of Antibacterial Efficacy of Flavonoids of Anaegissus rotundif...BRNSS Publication Hub
Introduction: Antibacterial efficacy of flavonoids (bound and free) of different parts (root, stem, bark, flower, and gum) of Anaegissus rotundifolia was evaluated against seven bacteria (Bacillus subtilis = Gram-positive, Escherichia coli, Raoultella planticola, Enterobactor aerogens, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens = Gram-negative bacteria). Material and Method: Flavonoids extracts of all the plant parts were found to possess strong antibacterial efficacy against these test pathogens, as revealed by zone of inhibition (ZOI [mm ± standard deviation]), activity index (AI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC [mg/ml]), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC [mg/ml]), and total activity (TA [ml/g]) of extracts against each sensitive test pathogens were also evaluated. All the pathogens were found to be sensitive against these flavonoid extracts. Result: Flavonoid extract of the root and stem showed the best activity against B. subtilis (Gram-positive bacteria), ZOI (16.50 ± 0.24 mm), AI (1.100), MIC (0.078 mg/ml), and MBC (0.157 mg/ml). Highest TA (456.410 ml/g) of gum alkaloid was found against B. subtilis (G +ve bacteria). The findings of the present study suggested the exploitation of alkaloid extracts of Anaegissus rotundifolia for future antimicrobial drugs.
ppt of fate of pesticides in environment or environmental polution by pesticidesSundaresh Kalal
Nature is blessed with wide range of organisms where it perfectly balances the food chain and the ecosystem. Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and some fungi antagonists are important biocontrol agents used against plant pathogenic bacteria which are known to produce special structures known as siderophores. Siderophores are defined as relatively low molecular weight, ferric ion specific chelating agents elaborated by bacteria and fungi growing under low iron stress (Neilands, 1981). The role of these compounds is to scavenge iron from the environment and to make the mineral. There are three main kinds of Siderophores known as hydroxamate, catecholate and carboxylate. Most organisms require iron as an essential element in a variety of metabolic and informational cellular pathways. In the aerobic environment iron exists mainly as Fe (III) and tends to form insoluble hydroxides and oxyhydroxides, making it largely unavailable to microorganisms. Therefore, they need mechanisms to solubilize Fe (III) to make it available for uptake; these mechanisms usually involve the production of siderophores.
PRESENT STATUS AND PROSPECT OF BOTANICALS IN PLANT DISEASE CONTROLSamar Biswas
Botanicals have been in use for a long time for pest control. A product of species coevolution, these compounds offer many environmental advantages. However, their uses during the 20th century have been rather marginal compared with other bio control methods of pests and pathogens. Improvement in our understanding of plant allelochemical mechanisms of activity offer new prospects for using these substances in crop protection. We examine the reasons behind their limited use and the actual crop protection developments involving plant allelochemicals, namely formulations including bio pesticides of plant origin for organic or traditional agricultures, and improvement of plant resistance to pathogens through identification of genes coding for allelochemicals and stimulation of natural passive and active defenses of the plant. Commercial and regulatory aspects are discussed.
Bio efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from chickpea fields as plan...Shazia Shahzaman
Chickpea is an economically important food crop, which is subjected to infection by a host of fungal, viral and bacterial pathogens. Thirty isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from the rhizosphere of Chickpea fields. These were tested against F. oxysporum in dual culture method. Among these, four (Pf 1, Pf 3, Pf 5 and Pf
8) isolates were showed bright fluorescence under UV light were further tested. All the cultural and biochemical studies confirmed them to be P. fluorescens. The isolates also showed positive response for siderophore production and plant growth promoting activity on Chickpea cultivar Bital 98. Among these isolates Pf 3 and Pf 5 shown significant results by increasing root length and shoot length. Both the Pf 3 and Pf 5 isolates were found significantly superior than other isolates in increasing the shoot length (12.7 cm) and root length (24.5 cm) over control. The isolates Pf 3 was recorded high vigor index (3830) followed by Pf 5 (3648). The least vigor index was recorded by Pf 1 (2631).
Multidrug resistant microorganisms are globally becoming a major confrontment because of illogical use of antibiotics and this played a good role in investigation about the antibacterial compounds in plants. Thus, the present study investigate for the antibacterial effect of alcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , CommiphoramyrrhaL. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves products against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plants samples extracted by soxhlet with methanol and fractionation with and four solution ( chloroform, hexane, water and ethyl acetate) were used for investigation about antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. The results showed that methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of C. longa L. rhizomes , C. myrrha L. gums showed biological activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria, but methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of G. biloba L. leaves product didn’t show any activity as antibacterial substance. It can be concluded that the presence of secondary metabolites as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponins in the plants under study would be marked a good anti-bacterial effect.
Standardization of punica granatum explant and callus induction through micro...eSAT Journals
Abstract Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and variety name ‘Bhagwa’ is an ancient, important fruit crop in India and in subtropical countries of the world as it possess various pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. This is subjected to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv causing a huge loss of about 50-100% in production. In order to develop a disease resistant pomegranate variety, micro propagation is necessary. The different explants such as leaves, nodes, apical shoot and petals were selected. The explants were passed through surface sterilization process and found that the mortality rate was least with the apical shoots as explants when compared to other explants. Callus Initiation was done with several treatments and the percentage of callus growth was identified using one way ANOVA by which variance was tested using Fischer’s F test and LS (Least Squares) means by Duncan’s multiple range test which proved that the LS means was higher for all the explants those undergone MS + Sucrose (30g/l) + Adenine sulfate – 40mg/l + 6BAP – 5 mg/l treatment, specifically apical shoot explants showed 92% callus growth than other explants. The elimination of polyphenol exudation was successful with silver nitrate of 5 mg/l which eradicated the browning of the tissues and paved way for the regeneration of the shoots. Key Words: Bhagwa, Micropropagation, Apical shoots, Callus induction, ANOVA, Duncan’s test, Polyphenol exudation
FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE ON ADVERSE EFFECT OF USING AGRO-CHEMICALSSamar Biswas
Agrochemical , a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a generic term for the various chemical products used in agriculture. In most cases, agrichemical refers to the broad range of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. It may also include synthetic fertilizers, hormones and other chemical growth agents, and concentrated stores of raw animal manure(Wikipedia).
Chemical fertilizer as an important agro-chemical in Bangladesh was first introduced with limited use in early sixties. Its consumption has increased progressively over the last three decades. Total consumption of fertilizers increased around four folds from 0.87 million tons in 1980-81 to 3.04 million tons in 1996-97 with a growth rate of 8.36% per annum
Today is an established fact that agriculture not industry is major polluter of environment on a local , regional and global basis (Conway and Pretty, 1991).
Los días 20 y 21 de mayo de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Microorganismos beneficiosos para la agricultura y la protección de la biosfera' dentro de su programa de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia.
Pesticidal efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii L., Alli...researchagriculture
Cabbage aphid (
Brevicoryne brassicae
L.) is one of the most problematic
pests in smallholder vegetable production, causing significant yield losses in heavy
infestations. Current control strategy focuses on use of synthetic pesticides that
consequently lead to decimation of natural enemies, development of insect
resistance and resurgence and upset biodiversity. Botanical pesticides have been used
widely in smallholder farmers but not much documented literature exists on efficacy
of these products. A field trial was done to assess the efficacy of crude aqueous
extracts of
Tephrosia vogelii
,
Allium sativum
and
Solanum incanum
in controlling
Brevicoryne brassicae
in
Brassica napus
production. The trial was laid in a randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments replicated four times. The five
treatments used in the experiment were
T
.
vogelii
,
A
.
sativum
,
S
.
incanum
,
dimethoate and control. Wingless adult female aphids were inoculated three weeks
after transplanting of seedlings. Spraying and data collection were done weekly for
four weeks. Data was collected on aphid nymph and adult counts on the third leaf
from the aerial plant part of randomly selected plants from each treatment for
24 hours after the application of treatments and total plant fresh weight per each
treatment. There were significant differences (p<0.05)><0.05) on the yield of rape. It was concluded that
T. vogelii
,
S
.
incanum
and
A
.
sativum
aqueous crude extracts have some pesticidal
effects on aphid in rape
production.
Pesticidal efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii L., Allium...researchagriculture
Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) is one of the most problematic pests in smallholder vegetable production, causing significant yield losses in heavy infestations. Current control strategy focuses on use of synthetic pesticides that consequently lead to decimation of natural enemies, development of insect resistance and resurgence and upset biodiversity. Botanical pesticides have been used widely in smallholder farmers but not much documented literature exists on efficacy of these products. A field trial was done to assess the efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii, Allium sativum and Solanum incanum in controlling Brevicoryne brassicae in Brassica napus production. The trial was laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments replicated four times. The five treatments used in the experiment were T. vogelii, A. sativum, S. incanum, dimethoate and control. Wingless adult female aphids were inoculated three weeks after transplanting of seedlings. Spraying and data collection were done weekly for four weeks. Data was collected on aphid nymph and adult counts on the third leaf from the aerial plant part of randomly selected plants from each treatment for 24 hours after the application of treatments and total plant fresh weight per each treatment. There were significant differences (p<0.05)><0.05) on the yield of rape. It was concluded that T. vogelii, S. incanum and A. sativum aqueous crude extracts have some pesticidal effects on aphid in rape production.
Article Citation:
Shepherd Mudzingwa, Simbarashe Muzemu and James Chitamba.
Pesticidal efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii L., Allium sativum L. and Solanum incanum L. in controlling aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) in rape (Brassica napus L.)
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2013) 2(1): 157-163.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0040.pdf
USE OF NEEM PRODUCTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLESSamar Biswas
The main focus of the study to highlight the benefit of managing insect pests with neem products, based on the finding of several secondary sources. Insect management by neem is a house hold word but still it is not a common place event. Neem tree, Azadirachta indica; is a medicinal plant. The trees contain many chemical compounds of which neem seed contain much azadirachtin. It possess medium to broad spectrum of action against insects selectively with low mammalian toxicity. Azadirachtin seems to be an "ecdysone blocker. The interferences of the azadirachtin is too insect’s specific against chemoreceptor and endocrine control systems, by which it affect insect growth, feeding and oviposition. Those are so different from the mammalian system that no toxic effects have been found even after application of gram amounts of azadirachtin per kilogram of body weight. When the neem seed oil is correctly formulated its efficiency increases many times, without any adverse effect on our ecology and environment.
1. Non-toxic and powerful bio-pesti cide for the control of Powdery Mildew and other foliar and soil-borne
diseases.
2. Highly-concentrated, yet very gentle, water soluble ferti lizer.
3. Tank buff er and water conditi oner to prevent alkaline hydrolysis.
NIDAR is a systemic fungicide with protective and curative action, very effective in controlling diseases in Fruits, Vegetables, etc.
NIDAR highly effective fungicide against disease Scab and Powdery Mildew. But also effective against diseases like Anthracnose, Rust, etc
PRESENT STATUS AND PROSPECT OF BOTANICALS IN PLANT DISEASE CONTROLSamar Biswas
Botanicals have been in use for a long time for pest control. A product of species coevolution, these compounds offer many environmental advantages. However, their uses during the 20th century have been rather marginal compared with other bio control methods of pests and pathogens. Improvement in our understanding of plant allelochemical mechanisms of activity offer new prospects for using these substances in crop protection. We examine the reasons behind their limited use and the actual crop protection developments involving plant allelochemicals, namely formulations including bio pesticides of plant origin for organic or traditional agricultures, and improvement of plant resistance to pathogens through identification of genes coding for allelochemicals and stimulation of natural passive and active defenses of the plant. Commercial and regulatory aspects are discussed.
Bio efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from chickpea fields as plan...Shazia Shahzaman
Chickpea is an economically important food crop, which is subjected to infection by a host of fungal, viral and bacterial pathogens. Thirty isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from the rhizosphere of Chickpea fields. These were tested against F. oxysporum in dual culture method. Among these, four (Pf 1, Pf 3, Pf 5 and Pf
8) isolates were showed bright fluorescence under UV light were further tested. All the cultural and biochemical studies confirmed them to be P. fluorescens. The isolates also showed positive response for siderophore production and plant growth promoting activity on Chickpea cultivar Bital 98. Among these isolates Pf 3 and Pf 5 shown significant results by increasing root length and shoot length. Both the Pf 3 and Pf 5 isolates were found significantly superior than other isolates in increasing the shoot length (12.7 cm) and root length (24.5 cm) over control. The isolates Pf 3 was recorded high vigor index (3830) followed by Pf 5 (3648). The least vigor index was recorded by Pf 1 (2631).
Multidrug resistant microorganisms are globally becoming a major confrontment because of illogical use of antibiotics and this played a good role in investigation about the antibacterial compounds in plants. Thus, the present study investigate for the antibacterial effect of alcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , CommiphoramyrrhaL. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves products against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plants samples extracted by soxhlet with methanol and fractionation with and four solution ( chloroform, hexane, water and ethyl acetate) were used for investigation about antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. The results showed that methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of C. longa L. rhizomes , C. myrrha L. gums showed biological activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria, but methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of G. biloba L. leaves product didn’t show any activity as antibacterial substance. It can be concluded that the presence of secondary metabolites as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponins in the plants under study would be marked a good anti-bacterial effect.
Standardization of punica granatum explant and callus induction through micro...eSAT Journals
Abstract Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and variety name ‘Bhagwa’ is an ancient, important fruit crop in India and in subtropical countries of the world as it possess various pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. This is subjected to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv causing a huge loss of about 50-100% in production. In order to develop a disease resistant pomegranate variety, micro propagation is necessary. The different explants such as leaves, nodes, apical shoot and petals were selected. The explants were passed through surface sterilization process and found that the mortality rate was least with the apical shoots as explants when compared to other explants. Callus Initiation was done with several treatments and the percentage of callus growth was identified using one way ANOVA by which variance was tested using Fischer’s F test and LS (Least Squares) means by Duncan’s multiple range test which proved that the LS means was higher for all the explants those undergone MS + Sucrose (30g/l) + Adenine sulfate – 40mg/l + 6BAP – 5 mg/l treatment, specifically apical shoot explants showed 92% callus growth than other explants. The elimination of polyphenol exudation was successful with silver nitrate of 5 mg/l which eradicated the browning of the tissues and paved way for the regeneration of the shoots. Key Words: Bhagwa, Micropropagation, Apical shoots, Callus induction, ANOVA, Duncan’s test, Polyphenol exudation
FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE ON ADVERSE EFFECT OF USING AGRO-CHEMICALSSamar Biswas
Agrochemical , a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a generic term for the various chemical products used in agriculture. In most cases, agrichemical refers to the broad range of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. It may also include synthetic fertilizers, hormones and other chemical growth agents, and concentrated stores of raw animal manure(Wikipedia).
Chemical fertilizer as an important agro-chemical in Bangladesh was first introduced with limited use in early sixties. Its consumption has increased progressively over the last three decades. Total consumption of fertilizers increased around four folds from 0.87 million tons in 1980-81 to 3.04 million tons in 1996-97 with a growth rate of 8.36% per annum
Today is an established fact that agriculture not industry is major polluter of environment on a local , regional and global basis (Conway and Pretty, 1991).
Los días 20 y 21 de mayo de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Microorganismos beneficiosos para la agricultura y la protección de la biosfera' dentro de su programa de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia.
Pesticidal efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii L., Alli...researchagriculture
Cabbage aphid (
Brevicoryne brassicae
L.) is one of the most problematic
pests in smallholder vegetable production, causing significant yield losses in heavy
infestations. Current control strategy focuses on use of synthetic pesticides that
consequently lead to decimation of natural enemies, development of insect
resistance and resurgence and upset biodiversity. Botanical pesticides have been used
widely in smallholder farmers but not much documented literature exists on efficacy
of these products. A field trial was done to assess the efficacy of crude aqueous
extracts of
Tephrosia vogelii
,
Allium sativum
and
Solanum incanum
in controlling
Brevicoryne brassicae
in
Brassica napus
production. The trial was laid in a randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments replicated four times. The five
treatments used in the experiment were
T
.
vogelii
,
A
.
sativum
,
S
.
incanum
,
dimethoate and control. Wingless adult female aphids were inoculated three weeks
after transplanting of seedlings. Spraying and data collection were done weekly for
four weeks. Data was collected on aphid nymph and adult counts on the third leaf
from the aerial plant part of randomly selected plants from each treatment for
24 hours after the application of treatments and total plant fresh weight per each
treatment. There were significant differences (p<0.05)><0.05) on the yield of rape. It was concluded that
T. vogelii
,
S
.
incanum
and
A
.
sativum
aqueous crude extracts have some pesticidal
effects on aphid in rape
production.
Pesticidal efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii L., Allium...researchagriculture
Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) is one of the most problematic pests in smallholder vegetable production, causing significant yield losses in heavy infestations. Current control strategy focuses on use of synthetic pesticides that consequently lead to decimation of natural enemies, development of insect resistance and resurgence and upset biodiversity. Botanical pesticides have been used widely in smallholder farmers but not much documented literature exists on efficacy of these products. A field trial was done to assess the efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii, Allium sativum and Solanum incanum in controlling Brevicoryne brassicae in Brassica napus production. The trial was laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments replicated four times. The five treatments used in the experiment were T. vogelii, A. sativum, S. incanum, dimethoate and control. Wingless adult female aphids were inoculated three weeks after transplanting of seedlings. Spraying and data collection were done weekly for four weeks. Data was collected on aphid nymph and adult counts on the third leaf from the aerial plant part of randomly selected plants from each treatment for 24 hours after the application of treatments and total plant fresh weight per each treatment. There were significant differences (p<0.05)><0.05) on the yield of rape. It was concluded that T. vogelii, S. incanum and A. sativum aqueous crude extracts have some pesticidal effects on aphid in rape production.
Article Citation:
Shepherd Mudzingwa, Simbarashe Muzemu and James Chitamba.
Pesticidal efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii L., Allium sativum L. and Solanum incanum L. in controlling aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) in rape (Brassica napus L.)
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2013) 2(1): 157-163.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0040.pdf
USE OF NEEM PRODUCTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLESSamar Biswas
The main focus of the study to highlight the benefit of managing insect pests with neem products, based on the finding of several secondary sources. Insect management by neem is a house hold word but still it is not a common place event. Neem tree, Azadirachta indica; is a medicinal plant. The trees contain many chemical compounds of which neem seed contain much azadirachtin. It possess medium to broad spectrum of action against insects selectively with low mammalian toxicity. Azadirachtin seems to be an "ecdysone blocker. The interferences of the azadirachtin is too insect’s specific against chemoreceptor and endocrine control systems, by which it affect insect growth, feeding and oviposition. Those are so different from the mammalian system that no toxic effects have been found even after application of gram amounts of azadirachtin per kilogram of body weight. When the neem seed oil is correctly formulated its efficiency increases many times, without any adverse effect on our ecology and environment.
1. Non-toxic and powerful bio-pesti cide for the control of Powdery Mildew and other foliar and soil-borne
diseases.
2. Highly-concentrated, yet very gentle, water soluble ferti lizer.
3. Tank buff er and water conditi oner to prevent alkaline hydrolysis.
NIDAR is a systemic fungicide with protective and curative action, very effective in controlling diseases in Fruits, Vegetables, etc.
NIDAR highly effective fungicide against disease Scab and Powdery Mildew. But also effective against diseases like Anthracnose, Rust, etc
Realm® Q herbicide incorporates multiple modes of action for superior postemergence weed control in corn. This powerful herbicide offers exceptional control for hard-to-manage broadleaf weeds and grasses, including waterhemp, lambsquarters, giant ragweed and many other glyphosate- and ALS-resistant weeds.
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: GM crops now and for the future - Chris Leaverb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
Naturensbalm 2014 Catalogue - Supplying quality user friendly embalming produ...Charles Street
Safe / Environmentally Friendly / Biodegradable / Kills Bacteria and Viruses / Compliments the Traditional Funeral / Natural / Organic / Regulatory Compliant / Funeral Services Supplier
Naturensbalm is a range of safe, environmentally acceptable embalming products, developed for the funeral industry in order to provide the embalmer with a healthier working environment, at the same time safeguarding the traditional funeral.
Naturensbalm holds a range of complementary products, all of which have been rigorously tested and trialled over a number of years, the range is fully compliant with the European Union’s Biocide Products Directive (BPD).
The most reliable and effective way to make the availability of nutrients coincide with plant requirements is by controlling their release into the soil solution, using controlled release fertilizers. This is accomplished by encapsulating fertilizer granules in a polymeric coating, employing Haifa’s Multicote technology.
FEED FOCUS: Health benefits of natural feed ingredients: oregano increases ef...Milling and Grain magazine
Since the 1950s, scientists have known about the medical efficacy of certain plants. Still, they only found their way into modern livestock farming about 10 years ago. Today, they are not only found in the organic sector.
Nutrol is manufactured specifically as a low salt, water soluble, foliar and special application fungicide and plant nutrient. Its use is suggested as a supplement to a grower’s standard practice fungicide and fertilizer programs.
The target is reduced pesticide use and enhanced yield and quality. Nutrol is a highly soluble, low salt index formulation developed to supplement standard fertility practices by providing a highly available source of phosphorous and potassium.
Z.One® Soil Conditioner is a naturally occurring Clinoptilolite that has a rigid three-dimensional structure, which allows water and soil solution to move freely in and out of the pores.
Z.One® is natural, safe and non-toxic.
Z.One® for Improved Fertilizer Efficiency
• Z.One® Soil Conditioners help retain nutrients in the soil
and enhance nutrient absorption. Z.One® Soil Conditioners’
crystalline structure holds nutrients until the plant roots
seek them to satisfy needs. The nutrient release from
Z.One® Soil Conditioners is plant driven, setting up a natural
cycle of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus release.
Z.One® Soil Conditioners will recharge when an ammonium
or potassium source becomes available either naturally or
through application.
Black Castings™ are an all-natural fertilizer and soil conditioner produced by earthworms. Black Castings™ are all natural: they are not produced with animal, yard, or food waste. Children and pets can use the application area as soon as application is finished. Professionals use Black Castings™ for their lawns, gardens and nurseries, agriculture and turf, and orchards and vineyards.
Complete, Efficient Foliar Fertilizers to Keep Your
Turf & Ornamentals Vibrant! Vibrant® patented foliar fertilizer solutions are formulated with premium sources of plant nutrients, Krystal Klear® micronutrients and proprietary organic supplements. Independent university studies
show that Vibrant fertilizer solutions provide long-lasting turf color and quality, even during the height of summer stress.
Prudent® Ready concentrated fertilizer solutions are designed for foliar application on alfalfa, corn, soybeans and wheat. Prudent Ready is a blend of Prudent 44, Krystal Klear chelated micronutrients, KaPre AG and other premium components. Application of Prudent Ready has shown to benefit plant growth, cell wall strength, root development, budding and flowering, fruit set, crop quality and yield.
Prudent Ready is recommended as a supplement to a well-balanced fertilizer program.
Prudent® RX chelated micronutrients solution is formulated with Krystal Klear® chelated micronutrients, Prudent® 44 along with a proprietary blend of 18 L-amino acids. Applications of Prudent RX provide crops with the components necessary for achieving nutritional balance, which help plants overcome symptoms caused by environmental stress.
Prudent® Citrus chelated micronutrients solution is formulated with Krystal Klear®
chelated micronutrients, Prudent® 44 along with a proprietary blend of 18 L-amino
acids that help provide balanced nutrition. Prudent® Citrus provides trees with
the nutritional balance to overcome symptoms caused by environmental stress.
Prudent® 44 Gives you the Power to Grow with Faster Budding, Earlier Seed Germination & Enhanced Plant Vigor. Prudent 44 is a patented phosphite fertilizer, (15-0-0 NPK). When used as a foliar application, Prudent 44 improves seedling growth and bud formation, encourages
blossoming and fruit set, and enhances overall plant vigor.
Prudent® 42CW Gives you the Power to Grow with Faster Budding, Earlier Seed Germination & Enhanced Plant Vigor.
Prudent 42CW is a patented phosphite fertilizer, (15-0-0 NPK). When used as a foliar application, Prudent 42CW improves seedling growth and bud formation, encourages
blossoming and fruit set, and enhances overall plant vigor.
Incite foliar treatment is a blend of bio-stimulants containing naturallyoccurring and synthetic plant growth regulators and plant hormones that boost healthy, sustained growth on your crops.
Foliar Application: Incite for Agriculture A Plant Growth Regulator For Foliar Application on Field Crops, Fruits, Tree Nuts, Vegetables, Herbs & Spices
Agra-Rouse™ is a blend of bio-stimulants containing naturally-occurring and
synthetic plant growth regulators and plant hormones that give you a boost of
healthy, sustained growth on your turf, trees and ornamentals.
• PENNAMIN products can be used on agricultural crops, turf and ornamentals of all types, as well as
in greenhouse and nursery production.
• Frequent applications at lower rates are generally more effective than fewer applications at higher
rates.
• PENNAMIN products are recommended for use on all types of soils. Dilute before use to ensure
uniform coverage. Products can be applied with other liquid fertilizers or applied separately*. Soil
applications may be made by sprinkler or band application.
• PENNAMIN products accelerate and enhance foliar uptake of any component in the same tank mix.
It is suggested that rates of tank mix components be reduced until it is determined how PENNAMIN
products impact efficacy of specific fertility and disease, insect and weed control products.
• Please read complete product label before using any PENNAMIN products.
Alkaline Hydrolysis Can Cost You Time and MoneyRichard Bailey
Alkaline Hydrolysis Can Cost You Time and Money
Resulting in Poor Product Performance and the Added Cost of Manpower for Re-Sprays
Have you ever applied a pesticide and it didn’t work?
You may have thought that it was caused by applicator
error, pest resistance or the chemical itself; however, it
could very well be the pH of the water (See Figure 1)
and tank solution that caused the problem. As a result,
even though you used the right chemical for the target
pest or weed, you find yourself not knowing if a re-spray
will work any better than the first spray.
NutriSmart Patented Eco-Fertilizer Humate Granules
Easy to apply dust-free NutriSmart®-B is a patented,
environmentally friendly granular
eco-fertilizer and humate soil
amendment that fixes nitrogen
from the atmosphere, solubilizes
phosphate and unlocks potassium
from the soil.
Castilite® patented Nutrient Efficient granular fertilizers are designed for use wherever
nitrogen or phosphate applications are limited or restricted. Castilite® uses unique
microbes to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and un-lock phosphate for up to 18 weeks.
Castilite® fertilizers contain NutriSmart®, a biological eco-fertilizer and humate soil amendment.
Castilite® helps build a sustainable ecosystem by enriching the soil with organic matter and by
supporting diverse microbial populations.
Castilite
Argosy™ RF is a water soluble, environmentally safe polymer matrix composed of
inert ingredients. Argosy RF encapsulates the active ingredient in a pesticide keeping
it on the leaf even through rain events and irrigation. When tank mixed, Argosy RF
enhances wetting, adhesion, and facilitates uniform foliar distribution of the pesticide.
This increases the effect and the longevity of the chemical being applied.
KaPre® RemeD8 Patented Soil Amendment & Fertilizer Additive is designed to influence and enhance several
parameters of a healthy, productive soil ecosystem. All of the premium natural components contained in KaPre® RemeD8 – beneficial microorganisms, fermentation extracts, humic acids, organic extracts, mycorrhizae, amino acids, and more - contribute to a vigorous and sustainable ecosystem.
KaPre proCreate patented 4-in-1 fertilizer solution helps you
to grow healthier crops—with stronger root systems. How? KaPre proCreate combines the power of four proven fertilizers and soil amendments known to promote root development, improve germination, increase drought tolerance and create more fertile soil. These four products contain chelated micronutrients, enzymes, phosphite and other components critical for successful germination, stress tolerance and plant health.
• Promotes plant growth by enhancing
carbon fixation, particularly in plants
that fix carbon via the C3 pathway
• Increases plant turgidity
• Promotes rapid growth and maturing
• Increases sugar content
• Reduces the watering requirement
of the plant
• Enhances environmental tolerance
of the plant
• Promotes growth in tissues of either
juvenile or mature plants
KaPre® KelpPlus is a concentrated organic liquid solution containing sea kelp and Pennamin®‘s blend of 18 amino acids.
100% of the amino acids found in KaPre® KelpPlus are free amino acids so they are quickly available to the plant.
The amino acids found in KaPre® KelpPlus are effective chelating agents. They can chelate micronutrients tied up in the soil and make them available for plant uptake. KaPre® KelpPlus promotes vigorous rooting, plant health and stress
tolerance in crops, trees, turf and ornamentals.
KaPre® KelpPlus nourishes beneficial microorganisms and improves soil texture and vitality.
KaPre® Embella comprises a proprietary blend of
a biodegradable sequestering agent, proteins, and,
disaccharide and polysaccharide oligomers known as
useful natural growth promoting substances. It is also an efficient chelator. It makes nutrients tied up in the soil more available and helps detoxify the soil. KaPre® Embella provides nutrition for native microbial populations as well as those added to the ecosystem.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
2. 1. Non-toxic and powerful bio-pesticide for the control of
Powdery Mildew and other foliar and soil-borne
diseases
2. Highly-concentrated, yet very gentle, water soluble
fertilizer
3. Tank buffer and water conditioner to prevent alkaline
hydrolysis.
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3. • Nutrol contains over 50% P2O5 and 32% K2O, making it one of
the most concentrated water soluble fertilizers available.
• Nutrol is also very gentle—it has the lowest salt index of any
fertilizer—and will not cause phytotoxicity, even at high
concentrations.
• And since Nutrol is nitrogen-free, you can manage nitrogen
requirements independently.
• Nutrol is suitable for foliar, soil and drip irrigation
applications.
Plant Nutrient
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4. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Total Roots Dry Weight (g)
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium chloride
Potassium sulfate
Nutrol
Source: J.B. Sartain, University of Florida
Potassium
University studies show that using Nutrol as your source of potassium can increase root
development when compared to other commonly used sources of potassium.
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5. • Nutrol is a true tank buffer. Nutrol can acidify and maintain the
pH of tank solutions throughout application.
• Nutrol buffers solutions to the pH recommended for most
pesticides, insecticides and herbicides. NOTE: The pH of a 1%
aqueous solution of Nutrol is 4.5 +/- 0.3.
• Nutrol prevents alkaline hydrolysis, which can negatively impact
the performance of commonly used pesticides.
• One-percent (1%) solutions of Nutrol in the pesticide tank will
ensure optimal performance of each component.
Tank Buffer
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6. • In these experiments the researcher added incremental amounts of Nutrol to
alkaline water.
• As you will note, once the pH was at equilibrium, the pH stays in a very narrow
range.
• Typically, a 1% solution of Nutrol will buffer the pH of water within the narrow
equilibrium range.
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7. Nutrol can be used to control and eradicate powdery
mildew on Apples, Cucurbits, Grapes, Mangoes,
Peppers, Stone fruit and Tomatoes.
Nutrol is labeled for the control of several soil-borne and
foliar diseases when applied with any of the Prudent
family of fertilizers.
Crop Protection
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8. • Nutrol is the ideal “partner” product for alternation and
tank mixing with other EPA registered pesticides.
• Nutrol, when used in alternation with other labeled
fungicides, can prevent the formation of resistant
powdery mildew strains.
• Nutrol is safe for the applicator and the environment.
Powdery Mildew Crop Protection
Do NOT use Nutrol with copper fungicides or other compounds that warn against mixing with low pH products.
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9. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Control DMI Alternation w/
Nutrol
Tank Mix w/
Nutrol
%InfectedLeaves
Source: Reuveni 1995 - Gala Apples
5/16/1995
6/6/1995
0 50 100 150
Control
Sterol Inhibitors
Altem. With Nutrol
Tank mix with Nutrol
Percent Infected Leaves
Source: Reuveni et. 1988 Crop Protection
16-May2
6-Jun2
Apples
Dr. Reuveni found that using Nutrol in
a tank mix or in alternation with DMI
fungicides provided equivalent
powdery mildew suppression as DMI
applications alone.
Apples
University studies show that Nutrol
can be used in alternation or as a
tank mix with sterol inhibitors and
provide the same level of disease
suppression with less hazardous com-
pounds entering the ecosystem!
10. 0 20 40 60 80 100
Check
Nova 5X
Nutrol alt. with Captain/Nova
Percent Infected Leaves
Source: Wayne Wilcox, Cornell University
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40PowderyMildewSeverity
Source: W.D. Gubler, 2000 Cantaloupe Trials
Upper Severity
Lower Severity
Apples
This university study shows that
using Nutrol in alternation with
Nova provides equivalent disease
suppression using half the total
amount of Nova.
Cantaloupes
Dr. Gubler found that Nutrol
alternated with sulfur or Rally
provided equivalent powdery mildew
suppression as compared to Rally
alone.
11. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Control Nutrol Nutrol+Tween-20
SeverityRating(0-4)
Source: Reuveni et. al 1995 Plant Pathology Effect of a
single Spray of Nutol on Cucumber Powdery Mildew
Cucumbers
This trial by Dr. Reuveni shows the
benefit of adding a spreader/sticker
to Nutrol for better powdery mildew
suppression.
0 20 40 60 80
Check
Around 6X/yr.
Nutrol / Abound
altern.
Disease Rating
Source: Wayne Wilcox, Cornell University
% leaf area
% cluster area
Grapes
In Dr. Wilcox’s trial, Nutrol alternated
with Abound provided better powdery
mildew suppression as compared
with applications of Abound alone.
12. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
LeafInfection(%)
Source: Wayne Wilcox 2000
%
Leaves
% Area
Grapes
In this trial, Dr. Wilcox found that
applications of Nutrol and Flint gave
the best protection from powdery
mildew when compared to sulfur or
Flint alone.
0 20 40 60 80 100
Untreated
Abound 3X/Nutrol 3X
Powdery Mildew Severity
Source: W. Doug Gubler, UC Davis
Grapes
Dr. Gubler found that applications of
Abound and Nutrol in alternation
virtually eradicated all powdery
mildew symptoms.
13. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Control Nutrol+KOH Pyrifenox Alternation
SeverityRating(0-4)
Source: M. Reuveni and R. Reuveni. 1995 Crop Protection
Effect of Nutrol Applications on Grape Powdery Mildew
Grapes
In this trial, Dr. Reuveni showed that
applications of Nutrol gave
equivalent control of powdery
mildew as Pyrifenox applications on
grapes when disease pressure is low.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Control Nutrol DMI Alteration
%InfectedClusters
Source: 1997 Reuveni - Chardonnay Grapes
6/27/1997
8/1/1997
Grapes
In Dr. Reuveni’s trial, applications of
Nutrol or Nutrol alternated DMI
fungicide performed as well against
powdery mildew as DMI applications
alone.
14. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
DiseaseRating:1-4(0=nomildew)
1=1-10%2=11-25%3=26-50%
Source: Reuveni et al. 1999
Mangoes
Dr. Reuveni shows that applications
of Nutrol alternated with
Diniconazole provided equivalent
powdery mildew control as
Diniconazole applications alone.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45PowderyMildewSeverity
Source: W.D. Gubler, 2000 HoneydewTrials
Upper Severity
Lower Severity
Honeydews
Dr. Gubler found that Nutrol
alternated with sulfur or Rally
provided equivalent powdery mildew
suppression as compared to Rally
alone.
15. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Control Nutrol 7X Standard Fungicide 7X
Conidia(X103)/cm2
LeafTissue
Source: Reuveni et. al 1998 Crop Protection
Effects of Treatment on Powdery Mildew Development
(inhibition of Conidial Production)
Peppers
Dr. Reuveni found that applications
of Nutrol inhibited conidial
production as well as applications of
standard fungicides.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8MildewRating
Source: 1999 Jack May, MayCorp
Tomatoes
This trial by Dr. Jack May shows that
applications of a tank mix of Nutrol,
Manneb and a surfactant gave
similar powdery mildew control as
Maneb applications alone.
16. 0
20
40
60
80
100
Control Nutrol Myclobutanil Alternation
%InfectedLeaves
Source: Reuveni1993 - Powdery Mildew on Nectarine
Leaves
Nectarines
Dr. Reuveni found that applications
of Nutrol alternated with
Myclobutanil con-trolled powdery
mildew on the leaves of nectarine
trees as well as applications of
Myclobutanil alone.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Control Nutrol Myclobutanil Alternation
%InfectedLeaves
Source: Reuveni1993 - Powdery Mildew on Nectarine Fruits
Nectarines
Dr. Reuveni found that Nutrol
alternated with Myclobutanil
controlled powdery mildew on
nectarines statistically as well as
applications of Myclobutanil alone.
17. 0
20
40
60
80
100
Control Nutrol DMI 8d DMI 16d Alternation
%InfectedLeaves
Source: Reuveni 1994 - Powdery Mildew on
Nectarine Fruits
Nectarines
Dr. Reuveni found that applications
of Nutrol alternated with DMI
controlled powdery mildew on
nectarines slightly better than
applications of DMI alone.
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