Is is a project proposal by which the antimicrobial and antioxidant property of Phyllanthus acidus will be explored that will open a new door for the innovation of new medicine.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
ABSTRACT- Bael (Aegle marmelos) fruit is one of the blessings from nature for the mankind which is packed with enormous medicinal advantag-es. Its medicinal properties have been described in the ancient medical treatise in Sanskrit, Charaka Samhita. All parts of this tree from stem, bark, root; leaves and fruit at all stages of maturity have medicinal value and have been used as medicine for a long time. Many antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, flavones, isoflavones, coumarin, anthocyanin, lignans, catechins and isocatechins are found in the fruit pulp (Maity and Hansda, 2009). This plant has tremendous uses listed in Ayurvedic and Unani and Siddha Systems of medicine. This plant is having great potential to cure the disease like diabetes, cholesterol, peptic ulcer, inflammation, diarrhoea, and dysentery, anticancer, cardio protective, anti bacterial, anti fungal, radio protective, anti pyretic, analgesic, constipation, respiratory infection, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, wound healing and many more. The present re-view summarizes the scientific information of various aspects of Aegle marmelos plant used in traditional system of medicine for variety of purpose and its commercial importance. Key Words: Bael, Medicine, Antioxidants, Flavonoids, Lignans, Catechins
Phytochemical Screening, Proximate and Elemental Analyses of Senna siamea (La...Premier Publishers
Senna siamea has been used by various ethnicities in Nigeria for the treatment of various ailments including syphilis, herpes, swine fever, typhoid fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, menstrual pain, among others. In this study, the leaves of Senna siamea were collected and made to undergo proximate, phytochemical and elemental analyses. Result for the proximate analysis revealed 7.43 % moisture content, 20.62 % ash content, 3.00 % lipid content, 21.88 % protein content, 13.00 % crude fibre content and 34.07 % carbohydrate content. Phytochemical screening results indicated high presence of terpenoids, tannins and volatile oils; moderate presence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides; low presence of saponins, steroids, flavonoids and general glycosides. Quantitative elemental analysis revealed the presence of iron, magnesium and calcium in appreciable amounts of 11.03 %, 10.83 % and 3.08 % respectively. The secondary metabolites contained in S. siamea leaves are hugely responsible for its use in the afore-mentioned treatments and the appreciable amounts of vital minerals suggest they could be processed and inculcated in animal feeds.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Turmeric consists of the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa and contains curcumin, which is responsible for turmeric's bright yellow color and pharmacological effects. Curcumin has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-protozoal, and anti-viral effects. It may help treat digestion issues, circulation problems, cough, menstrual problems, and skin disorders. Turmeric is also used for diabetes, arthritis, anemia, wounds, and more when applied locally or taken internally.
1. Ocimum tenuiflorum is a sacred plant in Hinduism believed to be a manifestation of the goddess Lakshmi. It is considered very beneficial for health and is used in religious rituals.
2. Traditionally, all parts of the plant have been used as medicine to treat many conditions. Modern research also shows it has properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-stress and more.
3. The plant can be propagated through tissue culture methods like using nodal segments, which allows for rapid and large-scale production in a uniform manner. Studies have optimized such methods for Ocimum tenuiflorum and other basil species.
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...SriramNagarajan19
Murraya koenigii, family Rutaceae, commonly known as Curry leaf plant is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma.The plant shows varied pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal,hypoglycemic,antiobese,antipyretic,hepatoprotective etc., The plant is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids containing mahanimbine as a major alkaloidal constituent in its major proportion which was proved by mayer’s alkaloidal test. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves of the plant were screened for antimicrobial activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.The antimicrobial activity was tested by diffusion assay method in which cup plate method was chosen. The study shows that aqueous and ethanolic root and leaf extracts possess remarkable antimicrobial activity when compared with standard cephalosporin. Thus,Murraya Koenigii shows tremendous antimicrobial activity with root and leaf extracts.
Is is a project proposal by which the antimicrobial and antioxidant property of Phyllanthus acidus will be explored that will open a new door for the innovation of new medicine.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
ABSTRACT- Bael (Aegle marmelos) fruit is one of the blessings from nature for the mankind which is packed with enormous medicinal advantag-es. Its medicinal properties have been described in the ancient medical treatise in Sanskrit, Charaka Samhita. All parts of this tree from stem, bark, root; leaves and fruit at all stages of maturity have medicinal value and have been used as medicine for a long time. Many antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, flavones, isoflavones, coumarin, anthocyanin, lignans, catechins and isocatechins are found in the fruit pulp (Maity and Hansda, 2009). This plant has tremendous uses listed in Ayurvedic and Unani and Siddha Systems of medicine. This plant is having great potential to cure the disease like diabetes, cholesterol, peptic ulcer, inflammation, diarrhoea, and dysentery, anticancer, cardio protective, anti bacterial, anti fungal, radio protective, anti pyretic, analgesic, constipation, respiratory infection, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, wound healing and many more. The present re-view summarizes the scientific information of various aspects of Aegle marmelos plant used in traditional system of medicine for variety of purpose and its commercial importance. Key Words: Bael, Medicine, Antioxidants, Flavonoids, Lignans, Catechins
Phytochemical Screening, Proximate and Elemental Analyses of Senna siamea (La...Premier Publishers
Senna siamea has been used by various ethnicities in Nigeria for the treatment of various ailments including syphilis, herpes, swine fever, typhoid fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, menstrual pain, among others. In this study, the leaves of Senna siamea were collected and made to undergo proximate, phytochemical and elemental analyses. Result for the proximate analysis revealed 7.43 % moisture content, 20.62 % ash content, 3.00 % lipid content, 21.88 % protein content, 13.00 % crude fibre content and 34.07 % carbohydrate content. Phytochemical screening results indicated high presence of terpenoids, tannins and volatile oils; moderate presence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides; low presence of saponins, steroids, flavonoids and general glycosides. Quantitative elemental analysis revealed the presence of iron, magnesium and calcium in appreciable amounts of 11.03 %, 10.83 % and 3.08 % respectively. The secondary metabolites contained in S. siamea leaves are hugely responsible for its use in the afore-mentioned treatments and the appreciable amounts of vital minerals suggest they could be processed and inculcated in animal feeds.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Turmeric consists of the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa and contains curcumin, which is responsible for turmeric's bright yellow color and pharmacological effects. Curcumin has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-protozoal, and anti-viral effects. It may help treat digestion issues, circulation problems, cough, menstrual problems, and skin disorders. Turmeric is also used for diabetes, arthritis, anemia, wounds, and more when applied locally or taken internally.
1. Ocimum tenuiflorum is a sacred plant in Hinduism believed to be a manifestation of the goddess Lakshmi. It is considered very beneficial for health and is used in religious rituals.
2. Traditionally, all parts of the plant have been used as medicine to treat many conditions. Modern research also shows it has properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-stress and more.
3. The plant can be propagated through tissue culture methods like using nodal segments, which allows for rapid and large-scale production in a uniform manner. Studies have optimized such methods for Ocimum tenuiflorum and other basil species.
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...SriramNagarajan19
Murraya koenigii, family Rutaceae, commonly known as Curry leaf plant is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma.The plant shows varied pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal,hypoglycemic,antiobese,antipyretic,hepatoprotective etc., The plant is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids containing mahanimbine as a major alkaloidal constituent in its major proportion which was proved by mayer’s alkaloidal test. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves of the plant were screened for antimicrobial activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.The antimicrobial activity was tested by diffusion assay method in which cup plate method was chosen. The study shows that aqueous and ethanolic root and leaf extracts possess remarkable antimicrobial activity when compared with standard cephalosporin. Thus,Murraya Koenigii shows tremendous antimicrobial activity with root and leaf extracts.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Jasminum Officinaleiosrjce
Jasminum officinale used as a urinary anti-infective in folk medicine. To validate this use, the in
vitro anti-bacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of different parts( flowers, stems plus leaves and roots) of
J.officinale growing in local gardens was evaluated against four reference bacteria by broth dilution assay and
agar diffusion assay. The MIC value of the ethanolic extracts of flowers and stems plus leaves against all
bacteria was 2 mg/mL and the MIC value of roots against S. aureus, E.faecalis and E. coli was 4 mg/mL and
the MIC value of roots against P. aeruginosa was 2 mg/mL. In agar diffusion assay, the ethanolic extracts of all
parts of the plant showed considerable activity against all bacteria.
Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Terminalia arjuna bark ethanol extractOpen Access Research Paper
Stem bark of the plant Terminalia arjuna were extracted in 50% ethanol to evaluate for centrally acting analgesic potential using formalin, hot plate and peripheral pharmacological actions using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. The extract of the plant were found to have significant (p<0.01) analgesic activity at the oral dose of 250 & 500 mg/kg body weight, in the tested models. In hot plate test, at both dose levels (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), T. arjuna extract showed significant (p<0.001) increased latency period than the control group. In acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin test T. arjuna also showed reduced number of writhes than the control group at two dose levels which are significant (p<0.05) compared to control. The results obtained support the use of stem bark of T.arjuna in painful conditions acting both centrally and peripherally.
Antioxidant properties of some leafy and non leafy vegetables in west africaAkinbobola Akinwemoye
The document presents a seminar on the antioxidant properties of leafy and non-leafy vegetables. It discusses how oxidation produces free radicals that can damage tissues, and how plants contain natural antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress. Several vegetables are then examined, including bitter leaf, fluted pumpkin, basil, baobab, jute mallow, mushrooms, peppers, and carrots. The antioxidants in these plants help prevent diseases caused by reactive oxygen species. Consuming vegetables can improve health and well-being while reducing dependence on synthetic antioxidants.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antibacterial activities of extracts from the leaves of Sesamum indicum (sesame). Ethanol and aqueous extracts of sesame leaves were tested against four pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) using different concentrations. The ethanol extract strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli and mildly inhibited K. pneumoniae and S. typhii. However, it did not inhibit S. aureus. The aqueous extract did not inhibit any of the bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract was also determined.
This document presents the results of a study analyzing the phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from different parts of Rheum ribes L. Qualitative tests showed the presence of phenolics and tannins in all parts tested. Quantitatively, the macerated flowers extract had the highest total phenolic and tannin contents. In antioxidant assays, the macerated flowers extract showed the strongest ABTS radical scavenging and ferric reducing activity, while the macerated leaves and Soxhlet radix extracts exhibited the strongest DPPH scavenging and cupric reducing activity respectively. The Soxhlet young shoots extracts displayed the highest anticholinesterase activity. All extracts showed low anti-urease
Terminalia avicennioides is an important medicinal plant used to manage many pathological
conditions among most inhabitants of rural communities in Nigeria and many other African countries. It
belongs to family Combretaceae and found commonly growing in the savannah region of West Africa. The
parts of the plant mostly used for medicinal purpose are root and stem barks extracts, which are rich sources
of phytochemicals such as anthraquinone, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenes among others. In folk
medicine, there are claims that the plant has been used to cure various diseases such as dental caries, skin
infections, sore and ulcer, syphilis, bloody sputum, ringworm infection, gastrointestinal helminthes and several
others. In this review, we have tried to provide bases for most of these claims at the instance of the results of
modern investigations on the biological activities of the plant extract. The possibility of employing the plant
extract in the field of green chemistry for probable application in biomedical industries was also discussed.
Keywords: Terminalia avicennioides, uses, phytochemicals, biological activities, nanoparticles
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Xanthosoma sa...Uploadworld
Xanthosoma sagittifolium is widely used in the folkloric treatment system of Bangladesh for the treatment of different diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic and antiinflammatory potentiality of methanol extract of Xanthosoma sagittifolium in mice.
This document describes a study evaluating the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of Xanthosoma sagittifolium. In the tail immersion test for analgesic activity, the plant extract at 200 mg/kg body weight showed the highest reaction time of 8.25 seconds after 120 minutes, compared to 4 seconds for the control. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the plant extract at 200 μg/ml produced significant pain inhibition of 84.48%. For anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, the highest inhibition of 74.77% was found for the plant extract at a dose of 200μg/ml after 120 minutes. The results
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Crude Extracts o...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically-active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. As a result of paucity of knowledge and folkloric claim on the leaves effectiveness in infectious disease treatments, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and lignans present in the crude Sesame radiatum leaves extracts. Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms and Yeast using Agar diffusion method. The GC-MS phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of carboxylic acids and phenolic groups in essential oils especially some of the most potent antioxidants like Sesamol, Sesamolin and Sesamin. Both the methanolic and ethanolic extracts have broad spectrum antimicrobial effect against all the tested micro-organisms except Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, while the aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae except on Candida albicans. The result confirmed the folkloric claims of the antimicrobial effectiveness of locally consumed Sesame leaves extracts especially against bacterial and common skin infection in many areas of the Country (Nigeria).
The document discusses a study examining the anti-inflammatory effects of Chrysopogon zizanioides hydroalcoholic extract. The study analyzed the extract using albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays. The results showed that the extract inhibited inflammation in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 101 μg/ml in the albumin denaturation assay and 156.2 μg/ml in the proteinase inhibition assay. This provides evidence that C. zizanioides possesses anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. zizanioides extract and statistically analyze the results.
This document discusses a study examining the anti-inflammatory effects of Chrysopogon zizanioides extract. The study tested the extract at various concentrations in albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays. The results showed the extract strongly inhibited inflammation at 500 μg/ml, with an IC50 value of 101 μg/ml in the albumin denaturation assay and 156.2 μg/ml in the proteinase inhibition assay. This provides evidence that C. zizanioides possesses anti-inflammatory activity.
This document summarizes research on 15 medicinal plants that have anti-ulcer properties. It discusses the botanical name, common name, family, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of each plant based on literature. Some of the plants described are Aloe vera, Butea frondosa, Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Cissus quadrangularis, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Leucas lavandulifolia, Mangifera indica, Morus alba and Ocimum sanctum. The study aims to review commonly used anti-ulcer plants and their reported activities to identify potential sources for natural anti-ulcer drugs with fewer
Evening primrose oil possesses promising anti-inflammatory properties in rats. When rats were pretreated with 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg of evening primrose oil before being injected with carrageenan to induce paw edema, it decreased inflammatory markers like nitric oxide and increased antioxidant levels like glutathione and total antioxidant capacity in paw exudates. The study suggests that evening primrose oil, particularly the gamma-linolenic acid component, has anti-inflammatory effects worth further investigation.
This document discusses the potential health benefits of adding moringa to functional foods and how it could help combat diseases like COVID-19. It notes that moringa is a versatile plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicines due to its high nutritional value and presence of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. Studies show moringa may help treat and prevent conditions like diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and infections by inhibiting pathogens, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Specifically, compounds in moringa like myricetin have shown antiviral effects against coronaviruses, indicating it warrants further research for its potential role in treating or preventing COVID-19.
Cucurbits are edible crops, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. They are climbers with reserves in roots and are distributed mainly in tropical zones. They are mostly moist vines and are distributed in both the eastern and western hemispheres. The member of this family are excellent fruit crops having most of the essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals required for the good health of humans. All parts of the Cucurbitaceae plants (leaf, stem, root or tuber, fruit and seeds) are used in the traditional system of medicine. Wide research is going on to search a new active compound and to analyze their medicinal properties. The present review of Cucurbitaceae family deals with the very large amount of updated information of scientific research and report in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology. In this study, we have documented some of the important plants viz., Mukia maderaspatana, Solena amplexicaulis, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus lanatus, Coccinia indica, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa acutangula, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Corallocarpus epigaeus, Luffa cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes dioica and Kedrostis foetidissima.
Phytochemical, cytotoxic, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-microbial investigati...IOSR Journals
Zizyphus rugosa Lam. (Family: Rhamnaceae), locally known as “Bon Boroi” or as “Jongli Boroi” in Bangladesh generally found as a herb on the hills in bunches on thorny branches of the Zizyphus rugosa trees. Its bark and wood are used medicinally for dysentery in China, India, Laos, Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Phytochemical screening of the Leaf extract of Zizyphus rugosa Lam showed different phytoconstituents including carbohydrates (monosaccharides, reducing and mixed-reducing sugars), alkaloid, glycosides, steroids, tannins and saponin. No flavonoid was detected. In DPPH and NO radical scavenging methods, IC50 was moderately satisfactory. IC50 was found 179.713μg/ml and 769.909μg/ml respectively compare with the reference ascorbic acid (15.707μg/ml and 82.642μg/ml respectively). In LPO (Lipid peroxidation) assay the Leaf fraction extract showed moderate inhibition potentiality (IC50 402.835μg/ml) in comparison to standard drug BHT (IC50 32.94μg/ml). In CUPRAC assays, the fraction was found to possess low Total antioxidant content, good flavonoid, and moderate amounts of phenolics, tannin and alkaloid content. The Leaf fraction extract was found to show good toxicity to Brine Shrimp nauplii, (LC50 212.402μg/ml & LC90 10715.91μg/ml) compare with the reference anticancer drug vincristine sulphate (LC50 2.47μg/ml & LC90 42μg/ml). In the antimicrobial study the fraction showed moderate activity against only one bacterium (Shiggla sonni) while the standard drug Chloramphenicol showed very good zone of inhibition against all five types (Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Shiggla sonni, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella grb) of bacteria. These findings provide scientific basis for the use of Zizyphus rugosa Lam. leaf ethanolic extract in traditional medicine in the treatment of aforementioned diseases. The plant also possesses moderate antimicrobial activity, good cytotoxic and good to moderate antioxidant activity.
Phytochemical Analysis of the Ayurvedic Formulation, Triphala and its Constit...ijtsrd
‘Triphala’ is a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation, consisting of equal parts of three medicinal fruits namely, Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Terminalia bellerica Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz. In India, it is considered the most versatile of all herbal formulations. ‘Triphala’ is found to be very effective in helping to control weight gain, chronic constipation, chronic degenerative conditions, conjunctivitis and progressive myopia. It also cures early stages of glaucoma and cataracts. In the present study, the aqueous and methanolic extracts of dried fruits and leaves of the constituent plants, individually and in equiproportional combinations were subjected to preliminary phytochemical studies. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, proteins, sugars and phenolic compounds. Combination extracts gave better results than individual aqueous and methanol extracts. Leaf extracts individual and combination were found to be equally effective as fruit extracts. Considering the availability and cost factor, leaves may be a cheaper substitute in favor of fruits. Lakshmi M "Phytochemical Analysis of the Ayurvedic Formulation, 'Triphala' and its Constituents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59851.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/59851/phytochemical-analysis-of-the-ayurvedic-formulation--triphala-and-its-constituents/lakshmi-m
Phytotherapeutics and Endodontics - A ReviewQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : Over the years, Phytomedicine has been gaining attention worldwide. It has been used in dentistry as anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, analgesic, sedative and also as endodontic irrigant. The herbal alternatives for endodontic usage might prove to be advantageous. This review focuses on various natural drugs and products as well as their therapeutic applications when used as phytomedicine in endodontics.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Jasminum Officinaleiosrjce
Jasminum officinale used as a urinary anti-infective in folk medicine. To validate this use, the in
vitro anti-bacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of different parts( flowers, stems plus leaves and roots) of
J.officinale growing in local gardens was evaluated against four reference bacteria by broth dilution assay and
agar diffusion assay. The MIC value of the ethanolic extracts of flowers and stems plus leaves against all
bacteria was 2 mg/mL and the MIC value of roots against S. aureus, E.faecalis and E. coli was 4 mg/mL and
the MIC value of roots against P. aeruginosa was 2 mg/mL. In agar diffusion assay, the ethanolic extracts of all
parts of the plant showed considerable activity against all bacteria.
Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Terminalia arjuna bark ethanol extractOpen Access Research Paper
Stem bark of the plant Terminalia arjuna were extracted in 50% ethanol to evaluate for centrally acting analgesic potential using formalin, hot plate and peripheral pharmacological actions using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. The extract of the plant were found to have significant (p<0.01) analgesic activity at the oral dose of 250 & 500 mg/kg body weight, in the tested models. In hot plate test, at both dose levels (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), T. arjuna extract showed significant (p<0.001) increased latency period than the control group. In acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin test T. arjuna also showed reduced number of writhes than the control group at two dose levels which are significant (p<0.05) compared to control. The results obtained support the use of stem bark of T.arjuna in painful conditions acting both centrally and peripherally.
Antioxidant properties of some leafy and non leafy vegetables in west africaAkinbobola Akinwemoye
The document presents a seminar on the antioxidant properties of leafy and non-leafy vegetables. It discusses how oxidation produces free radicals that can damage tissues, and how plants contain natural antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress. Several vegetables are then examined, including bitter leaf, fluted pumpkin, basil, baobab, jute mallow, mushrooms, peppers, and carrots. The antioxidants in these plants help prevent diseases caused by reactive oxygen species. Consuming vegetables can improve health and well-being while reducing dependence on synthetic antioxidants.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antibacterial activities of extracts from the leaves of Sesamum indicum (sesame). Ethanol and aqueous extracts of sesame leaves were tested against four pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) using different concentrations. The ethanol extract strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli and mildly inhibited K. pneumoniae and S. typhii. However, it did not inhibit S. aureus. The aqueous extract did not inhibit any of the bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract was also determined.
This document presents the results of a study analyzing the phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from different parts of Rheum ribes L. Qualitative tests showed the presence of phenolics and tannins in all parts tested. Quantitatively, the macerated flowers extract had the highest total phenolic and tannin contents. In antioxidant assays, the macerated flowers extract showed the strongest ABTS radical scavenging and ferric reducing activity, while the macerated leaves and Soxhlet radix extracts exhibited the strongest DPPH scavenging and cupric reducing activity respectively. The Soxhlet young shoots extracts displayed the highest anticholinesterase activity. All extracts showed low anti-urease
Terminalia avicennioides is an important medicinal plant used to manage many pathological
conditions among most inhabitants of rural communities in Nigeria and many other African countries. It
belongs to family Combretaceae and found commonly growing in the savannah region of West Africa. The
parts of the plant mostly used for medicinal purpose are root and stem barks extracts, which are rich sources
of phytochemicals such as anthraquinone, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenes among others. In folk
medicine, there are claims that the plant has been used to cure various diseases such as dental caries, skin
infections, sore and ulcer, syphilis, bloody sputum, ringworm infection, gastrointestinal helminthes and several
others. In this review, we have tried to provide bases for most of these claims at the instance of the results of
modern investigations on the biological activities of the plant extract. The possibility of employing the plant
extract in the field of green chemistry for probable application in biomedical industries was also discussed.
Keywords: Terminalia avicennioides, uses, phytochemicals, biological activities, nanoparticles
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Xanthosoma sa...Uploadworld
Xanthosoma sagittifolium is widely used in the folkloric treatment system of Bangladesh for the treatment of different diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic and antiinflammatory potentiality of methanol extract of Xanthosoma sagittifolium in mice.
This document describes a study evaluating the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of Xanthosoma sagittifolium. In the tail immersion test for analgesic activity, the plant extract at 200 mg/kg body weight showed the highest reaction time of 8.25 seconds after 120 minutes, compared to 4 seconds for the control. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the plant extract at 200 μg/ml produced significant pain inhibition of 84.48%. For anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, the highest inhibition of 74.77% was found for the plant extract at a dose of 200μg/ml after 120 minutes. The results
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Crude Extracts o...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically-active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. As a result of paucity of knowledge and folkloric claim on the leaves effectiveness in infectious disease treatments, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and lignans present in the crude Sesame radiatum leaves extracts. Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms and Yeast using Agar diffusion method. The GC-MS phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of carboxylic acids and phenolic groups in essential oils especially some of the most potent antioxidants like Sesamol, Sesamolin and Sesamin. Both the methanolic and ethanolic extracts have broad spectrum antimicrobial effect against all the tested micro-organisms except Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, while the aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae except on Candida albicans. The result confirmed the folkloric claims of the antimicrobial effectiveness of locally consumed Sesame leaves extracts especially against bacterial and common skin infection in many areas of the Country (Nigeria).
The document discusses a study examining the anti-inflammatory effects of Chrysopogon zizanioides hydroalcoholic extract. The study analyzed the extract using albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays. The results showed that the extract inhibited inflammation in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 101 μg/ml in the albumin denaturation assay and 156.2 μg/ml in the proteinase inhibition assay. This provides evidence that C. zizanioides possesses anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. zizanioides extract and statistically analyze the results.
This document discusses a study examining the anti-inflammatory effects of Chrysopogon zizanioides extract. The study tested the extract at various concentrations in albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays. The results showed the extract strongly inhibited inflammation at 500 μg/ml, with an IC50 value of 101 μg/ml in the albumin denaturation assay and 156.2 μg/ml in the proteinase inhibition assay. This provides evidence that C. zizanioides possesses anti-inflammatory activity.
This document summarizes research on 15 medicinal plants that have anti-ulcer properties. It discusses the botanical name, common name, family, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of each plant based on literature. Some of the plants described are Aloe vera, Butea frondosa, Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Cissus quadrangularis, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Leucas lavandulifolia, Mangifera indica, Morus alba and Ocimum sanctum. The study aims to review commonly used anti-ulcer plants and their reported activities to identify potential sources for natural anti-ulcer drugs with fewer
Evening primrose oil possesses promising anti-inflammatory properties in rats. When rats were pretreated with 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg of evening primrose oil before being injected with carrageenan to induce paw edema, it decreased inflammatory markers like nitric oxide and increased antioxidant levels like glutathione and total antioxidant capacity in paw exudates. The study suggests that evening primrose oil, particularly the gamma-linolenic acid component, has anti-inflammatory effects worth further investigation.
This document discusses the potential health benefits of adding moringa to functional foods and how it could help combat diseases like COVID-19. It notes that moringa is a versatile plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicines due to its high nutritional value and presence of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. Studies show moringa may help treat and prevent conditions like diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and infections by inhibiting pathogens, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Specifically, compounds in moringa like myricetin have shown antiviral effects against coronaviruses, indicating it warrants further research for its potential role in treating or preventing COVID-19.
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Phytochemical Analysis of the Ayurvedic Formulation, Triphala and its Constit...ijtsrd
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Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Scent Leave
1. NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF
SCENT LEAVE (Ocimum gratissimum)
BY
JIMOH ABDULAZEEZ
2020/HSLT/MCB/015
BEING A RESEARCH SEMINAR SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY (SLT)
MICROBIOLOGY OPTION, SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES, KOGI
STATE POLYTECHNIC, LOKOJA.
2. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The plant Ocimum gratissimum (scent leave) is one of those plants widely
known and used for both medicinal and nutritional purposes.
It is a perennial plant that is widely distributed in the tropics of Africa and
Asia.
It belongs to the family lamiaceae and it is the most abundant of the genus
Ocimum.
The common names of the plant are scent leave,
The plant belong to the genus of Ocimum Lamiaceae (basil) and a species of
Ocimum gratissimum (lauraceous African).
3. ORIGIN AND HABITAT
Ocimum gratissimum also known as clove basil, African basil and in
Hawaii as wild basil, is a species of Ocimum.
It is a native to African, Madagascar, southern Asia and the Bismarck
Archipelago and neutralized in Polynesia, Hawaii, Mexico, Panama,
West Indies, Brazil and Bolivia.
It can also be found cultivated as an ornamental and hedge plant in home
gardens (Orwa et al, 2009; PROSEA, 2018; Useful tropical plants,
2018).
5. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Economic importances of Ocimum gratissimum are numerous; some of which are stated below;
Maintenance of the eyes
Improves heart function
Lower blood sugar e.t.c.
6. TRADITIONAL USES
In traditional medicine, the leaves have been used as;
A general tonic and anti diarrheal agent
For the treatment of conjunctivitis by instilling directly into the eyes;
The leaf oil when mixed with alcohol is applied as a lotion for skin infection and
taken internally for bronchitis.
The plant has a wide application in the traditional system of medicine to cure
various ailments.
The plant produces essential oil with antibiotics, antibacterial, anti-diarrheal, anti-
diabetic, anti- carcinogenic, insecticidal, anti- mutagenic and anti-urolithiatic
properties
7. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF Ocimum
gratissimum
Presently there is an increasing interest worldwide in herbal medicines
accompanied by increased laboratory investigation into the
pharmacological properties of the bioactive ingredients and their ability to
treat various diseases (Muller, et al, 2004).
Sofowora reported that the leaves extracts of Ocimum gratissimum plant
are used by different tribes for different purposes in West Africa and
Nigeria (Sofowora, 2018).
The pharmacological activities of Ocimum gratissimum have been
reported by various researchers, including; antioxidant activity
(Akinmoladun, et al, 2017) antibacterial activity (Nakamura et al, 2019;
Melo et al, 2019) antifungal activity (Lima, et al, 2019) anti-diarrhea
activity (Sofowora, 2018; Ezekwesili, et al, 2014).
8. ANTI MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY
Obaseik- Ebor (2019) and his colleagues investigated the anti-mutagenic activity of
O. gratissimum leaves extract along with other three edible Vegetables plants O.
gratissimum showed inhibitory activity against S. typhimurium (Obaseiki et al, 2019)
9. EFFECTS ON NERVOUS SYSTEM
Freire and his colleagues studied the effect of the eugenol, a type of essential oils
isolated from O. gratissimum on the central nervous system (CNS) by evaluating
The open- field and rota- rod tests; sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital
(PBS, 40mg/kg, intra – peritoneally, 1-p)
Anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by both pentylenetetrazole (
PTZ;85mg/kg. S.c)
Maximal electroshock (MES, 50ma,0.11s) (Monga et al, 2017).
It was reported that the essential oils effectively increased the sleeping duration
and protected the animals against tonic seizures induced by electroshock.
10. ANTI- CONVULSANT ACTIVITY
The experimental models used to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity,
MES and PTZ tests, are assumed to identify anticonvulsant drugs effective
against generalized tonic clonic partial seizures, and generalized clonic
seizures respectively.
The anticonvulsant activity observed in the essential oil from
O.gratissimum extracted in the spring could be also related to the higher
amount of sesquiterpenes.
11. ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY
Extracts from the leaves of O. gratissimum were investigated for their phytochemical
constituent and for anti-oxidant activity.
Test for tannins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were positive in
both methanolic and aqueous extracts.
The methanolic extract of O. gratissimum had a DPPH scavenging activity of 84.6% at
250ug/ml and a reductive potential of 0.77 at 100ug/ml.
These values were comparable with those of garlic acid, 91.4% at 250ug/ml and
ascorbic acid 0.79 at 60ug/ml as standard for DPPH scavenging activity and reductive
potential, respectively.
These findings suggest the rich phyochemical content of O. gratissimum and it’s good
antioxidant activity (Akinomoladun et al, 2007)
12. EFFECT ON GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT
Madeira and his colleagues reported that; the essential oil of O. gratissimum relaxed the
smooth muscle of the small intestine by its direct effect on the smooth muscle of the ileum
which may underline the therapeutic effect of the plant and is consistent with the popular
use of the plant to treat gastrointestinal disorder (Madeira et al, 2012).
13. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
Ocimum gratissimum leaves contain phytochemicals such as
flavonoid, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponins. The
presence of alkaloids suggest it’s antimicrobial effect.
The presence of flavonoids and saponins serve as an anti-
inflammatory and anti-microbial agent respectively.
The plant containing all these phytochemicals shows that it is
highly medicinal and good for human consumption.
14. RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
• The plant should be cultivated in residential compounds
and schools where it can be easily collected for use.
• It should be used as remedy to cure some illness and
diseases such as malaria, diabetics and pharmaceutical
drugs.
• More research should be carried out on the root and stem of
the plant to determine its mineral content.