The document provides information on a case study of a 55-year-old male patient diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). It discusses the patient's medical history and current conditions. It then provides details on BPH, including what it is, risk factors, diagnosis, and medical and nutritional treatment options. The document concludes with an assessment of the patient's nutrition status and development of a customized diet plan and monitoring recommendations to manage his condition.
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Constipation is a common cause of painful defecation. Severe constipation includes obstipation (failure to pass stools or gas) and fecal impaction, which can progress to bowel obstruction and become life-threatening.
Constipation is a symptom with many causes. These causes are of two types: obstructed defecation and colonic slow transit (or hypo mobility). About 50 percent of people evaluated for constipation at tertiary referral hospitals have obstructed defecation. This type of constipation has mechanical and functional causes. Causes of colonic slow transit constipation include diet, hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, side effects of medications, and rarely heavy metal toxicity. Because constipation is a symptom, not a disease, effective treatment of constipation may require first determining the cause. Treatments include changes in dietary habits, laxatives, enemas, biofeedback, and in particular situations surgery may be required.
Constipation is common; in the general population rates of constipation varies from 2–30 percent. In elderly people living in care homes the rate of constipation is 50–75 percent.[4] In the United States expenditures on medications for constipation are greater than US$250 million per year.
The definition of constipation includes the following:
infrequent bowel movements (typically three times or fewer per week)
difficulty during defecation (straining during more than 25% of bowel movements or a subjective sensation of hard stools; straining in this context is a strong effort to push out stool often by holding one's breath and by pushing the respective muscles in the abdominal area hard), or
the sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation.
The Rome III criteria are widely used to diagnose chronic constipation, and are helpful in separating cases of chronic functional constipation from less-serious instances.
Another definition states that less than three bowel movements per week and straining on more than 75% of occasions represents constipation in clinical surveys.
Dumping syndrome is a set of a syndrome that can develop after gastric surgery due to rapid delivery of nutrients. Its symptoms can appear either within minutes of a meal or a few hours later. To get a detailed information on this, have a look at the attachment provided.
Early Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients is the best for helping early recovery, decreasing hospital stay and decreasing malnutrition in ICU
How? When? Formulas used? Access forms?
Life Style Modifications IN PCOD Dr. DEEPIKA KOHLI / Dr. SHARDA JAIN / Dr. J...Lifecare Centre
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)
Woman’s hormones go out of balance in PCOD.
It can cause problems with menstrual periods and ovulation, making her difficult to get pregnant
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Constipation is a common cause of painful defecation. Severe constipation includes obstipation (failure to pass stools or gas) and fecal impaction, which can progress to bowel obstruction and become life-threatening.
Constipation is a symptom with many causes. These causes are of two types: obstructed defecation and colonic slow transit (or hypo mobility). About 50 percent of people evaluated for constipation at tertiary referral hospitals have obstructed defecation. This type of constipation has mechanical and functional causes. Causes of colonic slow transit constipation include diet, hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, side effects of medications, and rarely heavy metal toxicity. Because constipation is a symptom, not a disease, effective treatment of constipation may require first determining the cause. Treatments include changes in dietary habits, laxatives, enemas, biofeedback, and in particular situations surgery may be required.
Constipation is common; in the general population rates of constipation varies from 2–30 percent. In elderly people living in care homes the rate of constipation is 50–75 percent.[4] In the United States expenditures on medications for constipation are greater than US$250 million per year.
The definition of constipation includes the following:
infrequent bowel movements (typically three times or fewer per week)
difficulty during defecation (straining during more than 25% of bowel movements or a subjective sensation of hard stools; straining in this context is a strong effort to push out stool often by holding one's breath and by pushing the respective muscles in the abdominal area hard), or
the sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation.
The Rome III criteria are widely used to diagnose chronic constipation, and are helpful in separating cases of chronic functional constipation from less-serious instances.
Another definition states that less than three bowel movements per week and straining on more than 75% of occasions represents constipation in clinical surveys.
Dumping syndrome is a set of a syndrome that can develop after gastric surgery due to rapid delivery of nutrients. Its symptoms can appear either within minutes of a meal or a few hours later. To get a detailed information on this, have a look at the attachment provided.
Early Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients is the best for helping early recovery, decreasing hospital stay and decreasing malnutrition in ICU
How? When? Formulas used? Access forms?
Life Style Modifications IN PCOD Dr. DEEPIKA KOHLI / Dr. SHARDA JAIN / Dr. J...Lifecare Centre
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)
Woman’s hormones go out of balance in PCOD.
It can cause problems with menstrual periods and ovulation, making her difficult to get pregnant
Bethany Doerfler MS, RD, LDN discusses top nutrition concerns of scleroderma patients, as well as the results of a recent medical nutrition therapy study. She also discusses strategies for healthy eating, combating GI issues, maintaining muscle, a Mediterranean diet, supplements and more.
Join Jessica Iannota, MS, RD, CSO, CDN for this exciting webinar on nutrition! Many patients and survivors wonder if there are foods and drinks that may ease side effects of treatment, even if they’re well into survivorship. In this webinar, Jessica will present the role and importance of diet and nutrition for colorectal cancer patients and survivors, and will discuss tips and tricks for how to integrate a healthy diet into your routine in a way that supports your health and potentially manage some GI side effects.
I believe pregnancy is a long and difficult process for every mum in the world. Through a better diet planning for pregnant women, they can have a healthier body to welcome their beloved baby.
Nutrition is an important part of any cancer treatment plan, especially for those individuals who are undergoing colorectal cancer treatment and have had surgery to remove part of the colon. Another important consideration for patients who have had surgery to remove part of the colon is avoiding a bowel obstruction. Knowing which foods you should and shouldn’t eat can be a helpful part of the treatment and the surgery recovery process. In this webinar, we will talk about how nutrition and avoiding bowel blockages can be helpful to you after a colorectal cancer treatment procedure and what foods to eat as we enter the holiday season.
Margaret Martin, RD, MS, LDN, CDE is a Licensed Dietitian and Nutritionist in the State of Tennessee and James D. Waller, Jr., MD present this lively session.
What Should I Eat includes information and answers to patient questions regarding diet, nutrition and scleroderma. It is presented by Bethany Doerfler, MS, RD, LDN
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It's a medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers
Diarrhea is a very common daily based issue with lots of contributing factors. The need is to determine the underlying causes, otherwise the consequences may get worsen.
Parenteral Nutrition for the oral and maxillofacial surgery patientMaxfac Center
Nutritional deficit that occurs after starvation or trauma and the various nutritional supplementation given parenterally to minimise morbidity and mortality. This topic covers the Parental Nutrition.
Mentor: Dr Saikat Saha MDS, OMFS, SIliguri, West Bengal, India
Address: MAXFAC Center for Oral and Maxillofacial and Head & Neck Surgery, Siliguri
Email : maxfacmail@gmail.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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1. NUTRITION CARE PROCESS- CASE STUDY
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH)
TEHREEM
MSC. (HONS.) HUMAN
NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
2. PATIENT OVERVIEW/BACKGROUND
55 Year old male
Lives in Kuwait
Current Medical History
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Nephrolithiasis
Food Allergy
Past Medical History
2 Submucous Resection (SMR) surgery to remove excess
tissue from enlarged turbinates
1 Tonsils removal surgery
Allergic Rhinitis
Urinary Tract Infection
Family history of allergies and diabetes
4. THE PROSTATE GLAND
The prostate is a small organ about the size of a
walnut. It lies below the bladder (where urine is
stored) and surrounds the urethra (the tube that
carries urine from the bladder). The prostate
makes a fluid that helps to nourish sperm as part
of the semen (ejaculatory fluid).
5. BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, involves enlargement of the prostate
gland.
The prostate enlargement in benign prostatic hyperplasia is not malignant
(not cancer).
BPH can impede the flow of urine.
Symptoms include frequent urge to urinate, getting up at night to urinate,
difficulty urinating and dribbling of urine.
The treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is usually reserved for patients
with significant symptoms.
Medical and surgical approaches are available to treat BPH.
6. RISK FACTORS/ PREVALANCE
BPH is extremely common. Advanced age is a risk factor for an
enlarged prostate. Half of all men over 50 develop symptoms of
benign prostatic hyperplasia, but only 10% need medical or
surgical intervention.
7. MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
A doctor or other health care professional usually can detect an enlarged
prostate by rectal examination.
The doctor also may examine the urethra, prostate, and bladder using a
cytoscope, an instrument that is inserted through the penis or with
ultrasound.
A urologist is a specialist in diseases of the urinary system, including
diagnosing and treating problems of the prostate gland.
8. MEDICAL TREATMENT
Prostate surgery has traditionally been seen as offering the most benefits for BPH but unfortunately carries the
most risks.
Medical treatment of BPH is usually reserved for men who have significant symptoms. The available medications
include:
Alpha blockers (tamsulosin (Flomax), alfuzosin (Uroxatral), and older medications such as terazosin (Hytrin),
slidosin (Rapaflo) or doxazosin (Cardura).
5-alpha reductase inhibitors (Finasteride (Proscar) and dutasteride (Avodart).
Surgery or office procedures may also be used to treat BPH, most commonly in men who have not responded
satisfactorily to medicine or those who have more severe problems, such as a complete inability to urinate.
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
Laser procedures
Microwave therapy
10. GENERAL DIETARY GUIDELINES
3 Meals 2-3 Snacks Per Day
Vitamin Supplementation. (Vitamin E & Vitamin B6)
Low Fat Diet Encourage Variety of Whole Grains, Legumes, Nuts, Fruits And Vegetables.
Counseling To Provide Ideas For Calorie Boosters.
Adequate fluid intake.
14. PATIENT MEDICATIONS
MEDICATION REASON
Avodart prevents the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the
body.
Pantomax Used for gastric ulcer and other conditions; reduces the amount of acid
produced in the stomach
Tamsulosin relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, used to improve
urination in men.
Xopra Used for treatment of gastric/duodenal ulcer
Telefast used to relieve the symptoms of hayfever (seasonal allergic rhinitis) such as
sneezing, itchy, watery or red eye.
Xynosine Used to treat runny nose and nose stuffiness.
Combivair Used to treat asthma
Urixin Used to relieve and treat symptoms of urinary tract infections
15. NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS
Estimated Energy Needs 2250 kcal/day
Estimated Protein Needs 112.5 g/day
Estimated Carbohydrate Needs 281.25 g/day
Estimated Fat Needs 50 g/day
BMR/BEE 1618
Energy requirement calculated by Harris-Benedict Formula (MBR(BEE) x Multiplication Factor:
17. LIFESTYLE
Activity Intensity Days per week Duration
Stretching/Yoga - - -
Cardio/Aerobics (Walking,
jogging, biking)
moderate 4 days 15 minutes
Strength Training
(weightlifting, pilates)
- - -
Sports or leisure low - -
Others - - -
• Used to play sports such as football in the past but not anymore.
• Health and work limits from being physically active
• Work and health are the daily stressors
• On average, gets 8 hours of sleep in weekdays and 9 hours of sleep in weekends
• Never smoked, never drank alcohol and drugs.
18. DIGESTIVE HISTORY
Heartburn Sometimes
Gas Often
Bloating Often
Stomach Pain Sometimes
Nausea/ Vomiting Rarely
Diarrhea Rarely
Constipation Often
• Experiences gas and bloating while eating cauliflower, potato and rice.
• Has bowel movement 1 times per day
19. DIET HISTORY
Limited diet due to health reasons.
Has wheat, rice, egg and milk allergy
Shops, eats and rely on mostly convenience and restaurant foods since
lives alone
From FFQ:
Bottled water: 4 glass per day
Milk Tea: 2-3 cups per day
Eats Less and no home-cooked meals; eats restaurant foods mostly.
Less vegetable and fruits intake.
Eating Style: fast eater, love to eat, eat too much, confused about food
and nutrition, poor snack choices, travel frequently, dislikes healthy food
and relies on convenience items
20. 24 HOUR RECALL
Meal Time Contents Exchange
Breakfast 9:00-9:20 am ½ C Daal Mash
1 chapati
1C Tea with Milk
• CHO
• Dairy
• Fat
Mid-day Snack 11:30-11:50 am 2 Guava • Vitamins/Miner
als
Lunch 2:00-2:30 pm ½C Chicken Karahi
2 chapatti
Raw Salad
• Protein
• CHO
• Fat
Evening Snack 5:30 pm 3 biscuits
1C Tea with Milk
• CHO
• Dairy
Dinner 8:30-9:00 pm ½C Daal Mash
2 Chapati
Green chutney
• CHO
• Dairy
• Fat
Bedtime Snack - - -
21. BIOCHEMICAL FINDINGS
Test Results Reference Range
Cholesterol 210mg/dL <200: Desirable
200-240: Borderline
>240: High risk
CHOL/HDL Ratio 5.8 0.0-4.5
LDL Cholesterol 158mg/dL <130 Desirable
130-190: Borderline
>190: High Risk
HDL Cholesterol 36mg/dL >45: Desirable
35-45: Borderline
<35: High Risk
25(OH)- Vitamin D3 15.64ng/mL <10: Deficiency
10-30: Insufficiency
30-100: Sufficiency
PSA Total 3.05ng/mL 0-4: Normal
4.1-10.0: Borderline
23. NUTRITION DIAGNOSIS
Excessive energy intake related to limited access to healthful food choices as evidenced by BMI and
frequent restaurant eating.
Inadequate Fiber and micronutrients related to limited diet as evidenced by occasional constipation and
thinning hair.
High fat intake related to taste preferences for fried food as evidenced by diet history and borderline
cholesterol.
Inadequate Vitamin D and Calcium intake related to low sun exposure as evidenced by Vitamin D
insufficiency
Food and Nutrition knowledge deficit related to no previous dietetic education/consultation as
evidenced by patient unable to identify food with allergens
25. NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION
Goals: Patient to maintain or lose weight.
Encourage fiber intake, monitor with labs
Encourage adequate whole grain, vegetables and fruits intake
Foods with allergens (wheat, rice, milk, egg, mutton, beef, peanuts, soya, orange) to be eaten on
alternate days.
Portion size control
To limit fat intake
Identify and Avoid foods that cause digestive problems.
26. RECOMMENDATIONS
Calorie Requirements: 1750-2000 kcal
Fluid Requirements: 8-10 glasses
Preferred Feeding Route: Oral
Mechanism of diet: Regular Adequate diet
Type of Diet: High fiber and low fat diet
Exercise: Spend at least 30 minutes in physical activity such as walking 2-3 times per day. Have frequent
exposure to sunlight.
27. Timings Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
Pre-Breakfast
(7:30-8:00)
Figs
Water
Water with lemon Dried raisins
Water
Water with honey
and lemon
Dried Cranberries
Water
Water Water with lemon
Breakfast
(8:30-9:00)
Apple
Boiled Egg
Chapati/bran
bread
Tea with milk
Guava
Barley Cereal/
Porridge
Goat Milk
Banana
Cake Rusk
Tea
Pear
Omelet
Chapati,bread
Coffee
Plum
Barley/corn
Porridge
Skim Milk
Apple
French Toast
Black Tea
Guava
Chickpea curry
Chapati
Tea with milk
Mid-morning
(11:00-11:30)
Seasonal Fruit Digestive biscuits Veg Sandwich Oat Honey
Crackers
Weetabix Mixed dryfruits Seasonal Fruit
Lunch
(2:00-2:30)
Chicken curry
Green pepper
tomato
Chapati (wheat)
Yogurt/ Salad
Pulses
Steamed carrots
Rice
Yogurt/ Salad
Mutton
Mix Vegetables
Chapati (barley)
Yogurt/ Salad
Fish
Mashed potatoes
Chapati (wheat)
Yogurt/ Salad
Pulses
Vegetables
Brown Rice
Yogurt/ Salad
Chicken
Vegetables
Chapati (corn)
Yogurt/ Salad
Fish
Vegetables
Chapati (wheat)
Yogurt/ Salad
Mid-Afternoon
(4:30-5:00)
Veg Sandwich
Sunflower seeds
Tea
Oat Crackers
Fruit Juice
Baked Potato
Tea
Mixed dryfruits
Apple shake
Chickpea salad
Tea
Veg cutlets
Green Tea
Salted Crackers
Kashmiri Tea
Dinner
(8:30-9:00)
Banana
Veg Soup
Chicken
Chapati (wheat)
Salad
Pea Soup
Meat
Chapati (barley)
Cake Slice
Orange
Garlic bread
Mutton
Chapati (corn)
yogurt
Mushroom Soup
Chicken
Chapati (wheat)
Salad
Kheer
Guava
Veg cutlets
Daal Mash
Chapati (barley)
Salad
Soup
Chicken
Vegetables/pulses
Chapati (corn)
Salad
Banana
Soup
Beef (lean)
vegetables
Chapati (wheat)
Salad
Bed Time
(10:00-10:15)
Herbal/ Green Tea Skim Milk Jasmine tea Skim milk with
honey
Ginger Tea Figs Skim milk with
turmeric and
honey
DIET PLAN
29. NUTRITION MONITORING
Monitor weight
Monitor Lab values
Monitor symptoms and nutrient intake
Supplement: Multi-vitamin and Vitamin D supplement
Follow up: Follow up in 7 days
30. NUTRITION EVALUATION
Follow-up Assessment
Patient has increased fiber and fruits intake, controls portion size.
Pt. has limited his fat intake, avoids fried food.
Patient reports less digestive symptoms (constipation)
Urination without discomfort.
Feels more active
