Nutritional fact, Intoxication and Therapeutic Aspects of Pennisetum sps (Bajara): A Review In the modern era, various illnesses have been managed or treated in Africa and other parts of the world using plants as a source of medication. An estimated 80% of the world's population uses herbal plants to cure and control serious illnesses, according to a WHO report . Apart from traditional drugs, herbal foods are currently under focus for the treatment of obesity, Mets, T2DM, and NAFLD. Grains such as oats, quinoa, and barley are reported to have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects on humans and rats pearl millet (Pennisstum glaucum) is a multifunctional cereal crop which belongs to the Poaceae family. It is generally referred to in various local Indian languages as bajra, bajri, sajje, kambu, kamban, sajjalu, etc. It is widely used for food and forages . Pearl millet is the third largest major crop after rice and wheat. Excess acidity in the stomach following food consumption is the most important explanation for stomach ulcers. Generally, pearl millet is suggested for stomach ulcer treatment, because it is one of the very few grains that alkalizes the stomach and prevents stomach ulcers or decreases the effect of ulcers Pearl millet helps to keep blood sugar levels stable for a long time in diabetic patients. It is also helpful for diabetes patients because it has a comparatively small glycaemic index that helps steadily digest and contain glucose at a slower pace than other foods. The amylase activity of pearl millet is very high, about 10 times than that of wheat. Generally pearl millet is classified as a low-glycaemic index (GI) food because of its high fibre and protein content. Lignin and phytonutrients are good antioxidants in pearl millets that prevent cardiovascular diseases. Pearl millet is also considered healthy for heart protection. There have been high levels of magnesium present in pearl millet, which regulates blood pressure and alleviates heart stress. It has rich magnesium that decreases the incidence of respiratory symptoms in asthma patients and is also helpful in preventing migraine attacks. Pearl millet has high phosphorus content which is very important for bone growth and development as well as for the production of ATP, the body’s energy currency. As millets are known to reduce the risk of cancer, it is expected that pearl millet will have the same effect potentially due to its high content in magnesium and phylate compound. The greatest obstacle facing people who wish to lose weight is to regulate their con- sumption of calories. Pearl millet will support the weight loss process because the fibre content is high. Celiac disease is a disorder in which a person could not endure even a little gluten in the diet. Since millet is gluten-free, it is great for people with celiac disease Pearl millet is widely recommended for people with elevated cholesterol levels. It comprises a phytoc

1. Nutritional fact, Intoxication and
Therapeutic Aspects of Pennisetum sps
(Bajara): A Review
Presented By
Dr. Gunmala Gugalia
Associate Professor
Department of Botany
Sangam University, Bhilwara

2. Introduction
 In the modern era, various illnesses have been
managed or treated in Africa and other parts of the
world using plants as a source of medication.
 An estimated 80% of the world's population uses
herbal plants to cure and control serious illnesses,
according to a WHO report .
 Apart from traditional drugs, herbal foods are
currently under focus for the treatment of obesity,
Mets, T2DM, and NAFLD.
 Grains such as oats, quinoa, and barley are reported to
have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-
inflammatory effects on humans and rats

3. continue
• Millet is a grain that is utilized as a traditional food for
many populations in various countries worldwide,
particularly in arid and semi-arid areas, including Saudi
Arabia, India and in Rajasthan .
• In addition, millet grains have higher antioxidants and
potential than flaxseeds, quinoa, and chia seeds .
• Nutritionally, millet contains more nutrients than rice
or wheat [24].
• Millet contains lysine, methionine, and threonine
higher by 40%, 30%, and 20%, respectively, than corn.
• It also contains a considerable number of insoluble
fibers.

4. Cont.
• Millete Pennisetum is commonly known as
fountain grasses,
• it is a perennial and annual plant.
• It is primarily found in hot climate regions.
• It have many species
• P.alopecuroides- Chinese or foxtail fountain grass
• P. purpureum-Napier/elephant grass
• P. clandestinum- kikuyu grass
• P. glaucum- Pearl millet-
• P. orientale - White fountain grass
• P. pedicellatum - kyas or flaccid grass

5. Research Methodology
• Through an extensive review of scholarly
literature found in a number of databases,
including Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science,
Springer, PubMed, Taylor and Francis, and
Google Scholar, the significant information
about Pennisetum species was discovered.
• Furthermore, data collection and evaluation
were done using Ph.D. theses.

6. Taxonomy of Pennisetum
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Div. Tracheophytes
• Sub-Div.-Angiosperm
• Class- Monocotyledonae
• Order- Poales
• family: Poaceae
• Genus: Pennisetum

7. Pearl Millet (Pennisstum glaucum)
 pearl millet (Pennisstum glaucum) is a
multifunctional cereal crop which belongs to
the Poaceae family.
It is generally referred to in various local
Indian languages as bajra, bajri, sajje, kambu,
kamban, sajjalu, etc.
It is widely used for food and forages . Pearl
millet is the third largest major crop after rice
and wheat.

8. Nutritional Value of Pearl millet with other
Millets

9. Pearl Millet in the Human Disease
Management System
Nutrient in Pearl Millet
• Pearl millet has many
nutritional benefits as a result
of its rich structure of minerals
and proteins.
• It has high protein content,
and it comprises several
significant minerals such as
magnesium, phosphorus, zinc,
etc.
• It also provides vital amino
acids and vitamins that add to
a variety of human treatments
Pearl Millet in Variuos ailment
Management

10. Pearl Millet :The pharmacological properties
• Excess acidity in the stomach following food
consumption is the most important
explanation for stomach ulcers.
• Generally, pearl millet is suggested for
stomach ulcer treatment, because it is one of
the very few grains that alkalizes the stomach
and prevents stomach ulcers or decreases the
effect of ulcers

11. Cont.
• Pearl millet helps to keep blood sugar levels
stable for a long time in diabetic patients.
• It is also helpful for diabetes patients because it
has a comparatively small glycaemic index that
helps steadily digest and contain glucose at a
slower pace than other foods.
• The amylase activity of pearl millet is very high,
about 10 times than that of wheat.
• Generally pearl millet is classified as a low-
glycaemic index (GI) food because of its high fibre
and protein content.

12. Cont.
• Lignin and phytonutrients are good antioxidants in pearl
millets that prevent cardiovascular diseases.
• Pearl millet is also considered healthy for heart protection.
There have been high levels of magnesium present in pearl
millet, which regulates blood pressure and alleviates heart
stress.
• It has rich magnesium that decreases the incidence of
respiratory symptoms in asthma patients and is also helpful in
preventing migraine attacks.
• Pearl millet has high phosphorus content which is very
important for bone growth and development as well as for
the production of ATP, the body’s energy currency.

13. Cont.
• As millets are known to reduce the risk of cancer,
it is expected that pearl millet will have the same
effect potentially due to its high content in
magnesium and phylate compound.
• The greatest obstacle facing people who wish to
lose weight is to regulate their con- sumption of
calories. Pearl millet will support the weight loss
process because the fibre content is high.
• Celiac disease is a disorder in which a person
could not endure even a little gluten in the diet.
Since millet is gluten-free, it is great for people
with celiac disease

14. Cont.
• Pearl millet is widely recommended for people with
elevated cholesterol levels. It comprises a
phytochemical known as phytic acid that is estimated
to influence the metabolism of cholesterol and balance
the cholesterol in the body.
• Amino acids are important to our body’s smooth
activity . Pearl millet is among the few foods that
contain all the amino acids that are essential. Sadly,
much of these amino acids are destroyed during the
cooking process, as they cannot survive high
temperatures because of their hypo-allergic properties.
It is easier to eat these amino acids in a low cooked
form in order to retain as many as possible

15. Cont.
• Excessive bile secretion of our intestines also
worsens the state of gallstones .
• Pearl millet is safe to use in the diets of
babies, lactating women, the elderly, and the
convalescent

16. Other Utilization of The Pennisetum
Species
• Products made from Pennisetum species include antidotes,
cholera grain medicines, pulmonary bran medicines,
painkillers, vermifuges, leprosy grain medicines, genital
diseases grain medicines, stimulant bran medicines, grain
food, and general grain drink (venomous stings, bites, etc.).
• Goods made from Pennisetum species include fuel and
lighting products, floral products for construction materials,
dyes, stains, and inks, as well as items for the home, the
domestic, and the individual.

17. Conclusion and prospective future
• They have the potential to be employed as an
alternative to contemporary medications.
• Numerous degenerative disorders have been
connected to oxidative stress.
• The medicinal herbs of the genus Pennisetum were
widely employed in complementary medicine due to
their advantageous therapeutic effects.
• This is because they contain a variety of bioactive
phytochemicals, including flavonoids, terpenes, and
phenolics, which have strong antioxidant properties
and can thus guard against a number of degenerative
diseases.

18. References
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[9] NINNutritive Value of Indian Foods, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 2003 ed gopalan and deosthale.
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