ntxissacsc5

1. NTXISSA Cyber Security Conference – November 10-11, 2017
@NTXISSA #NTXISSACSC5
[Session Title]
[Presenter]
[Position]
[Institution]
[Date]

3. About me
• University of North Texas Alum
• Class of 2017
• Majored in Computer Engineering
• Team Leader for Senior Design project for NASA
• President of UNT’s Club for Cyber Security
• National Cyber League
• Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition
• Goldman Sachs Analyst 2017 NAPA
• GS 2016 Summer Analyst (Intern)
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
32017-Nov-11th

4. Team IRIS
• Jacen R Kohler
• Tyler Alvarez
• Alex Fatum
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
42017-Nov-11th

5. How did I get a NASA Project?
Texas Space Grant Consortium
• Educational wing for NASA in Texas
• Open to all college students in Texas
• Other stated have equivilant programs
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
52017-Nov-11th

6. Current Situation
Internet in space uses static IPv4 addresses
Static addressing requires manually assigning addresses
Static addressing is not fault tolerant
duplicates are possible
The constantly varying propagation delays & line interfere with
traditional network handshakes
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
62017-Nov-11th

7. Current Situation
The current Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) System are
merely repeaters and amplifies and have no routing capabilities
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
72017-Nov-11th

8. The Problem
The process should be automated
aka… Dynamic Addressing
Just like your phone on a coffee shop’s wifi
A protocol like this already exists
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
82017-Nov-11th

9. How to Solve this problem
Simulate a space network, down here on Earth including…
propagation delay
line-of-sight signal blocking
adequate complexity (enough parts to be realistic)
Find a way to implement DHCP in the simulated space network
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
92017-Nov-11th

10. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
102017-Nov-11th
Adequate Complexity
•Simulate a space network on earth
•10x Raspberry Pi 3
•Mission Control Center
•3x TDRS
•TDRS5, TDRS7, &TDRS9
•3x Spacecraft
• ISS, Hubble, Orion
•3x EVA Suits

11. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
112017-Nov-11th
Adequate Complexity

12. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
122017-Nov-11th
Adequate Complexity
• Pull TLE data from CelesTrak
• Two Line Element (TLE)
• 3000 TLE data in the file that gets parsed
• Search for orbital element we need
• Extract the 6 Keplerian Elements from TLE
• 6 Keplerian elements are like an address
• Allow us to calculate time based locations
• Past, present, or future

13. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
132017-Nov-11th
Simulated Space Network
• One way link to TDRS in GeoSynchronous orbit takes
• Simulation must emulate these delays to be realistic

14. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
142017-Nov-11th
Simulated Space Network (cont.)
• Delays will be simulated using existing open source tools
designed for network testing
• tcconfig
+312.432ms
149460120
0
Hold for delay
Epoch time
received
Packet
Ingress
( distance / speed of light ) + time of insert
+312.437ms
149460120
1
+312.443ms
149460120
2
+312.449ms
149460120
3
+312.452ms
149460120
4

15. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
152017-Nov-11th
Simulated Space Network (cont.)

16. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
162017-Nov-11th
Simulated Space Network (cont.)

17. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
172017-Nov-11th
DHCP
• Discover
• Spacecraft announces its presence
• Offer
• DHCP offers several available
addresses
• Request
• Spacecraft requests an offered
addresses
• Acknowledge
• DHCP assigns requested address
• DHCP from Earth takes ~112ms
• DHCP from TDRS takes ~56ms
• 50% time savings

18. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
182017-Nov-11th
DHCP (cont.)
• Offer (predicted)
• DHCP offers only one address
• Request
• Spacecraft requests the address offered
• Acknowledge (pipelined)
• DHCP pre-empts the acknowledgement
• Traditional DHCP takes ~112ms
• Pipelined DHCP takes ~28ms
• 75% time savings
• Pipeline DHCP from TDRS takes
~12ms
• 87.5% time savings

19. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
192017-Nov-11th

20. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
202017-Nov-11th
Project Management
• Agile methodologies
• Iterative Testing
• GitHub
• Slack
• Additional paperwork
• Status Reports
• Implementation Plan
• Test Plan
• Maintenance Plan
• User Guide

21. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
212017-Nov-11th
Project Management (cont.)

22. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
222017-Nov-11th
Adequate Complexity

23. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
232017-Nov-11th
Adequate Complexity

24. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
242017-Nov-11th
0
50
100
150
1494115200 1494201600 1494288000 1494374400 1494460800 1494547200 1494633600 1494720000
DHCPHandshakeDuration(milliseconds)
Epoch Time (seconds)
ISS & HST with TDRS5, TDRS7, & TDRS9 from 2017 May 07th to
13th
Traditional DHCP from Earth Pipelined DHCP from TDRS

25. #NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
252017-Nov-11th

26. Prerequisites
TDRSs must have compute power onboard
To act as DHCP Server
To calculate orbital mechanics
We launch a new one every year or so
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
262017-Nov-11th

27. Future Work
• GeoCentric to HelioCentric Transform
• Allow for mars simulations
• Automation

31. 2017-Nov-11th
#NTTXISSACSC5
Abusing Protocols for Dynamic Addressing in Spaces
31

32. NTXISSA Cyber Security Conference – November 10-11, 2017
@NTXISSA #NTXISSACSC5
32
Thank you