The document summarizes a lecture on vital signs, including an overview of temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and pain. It discusses normal ranges and sites for measuring core and surface body temperature in adults and newborns. Factors that can influence temperature are also outlined.

1. Today’s Lecture  Vital Signs Overview/Context  Temperature  Pulse  Blood Pressure  Respiratory Rate  Oxygen Saturation  Pain  Assignment

2. T ° Body Temp hypothalamus -> thermoregulation Core Temp temp of the deep tissues of the body Surface Temp temp of the surface of the body

3. T ° Sites Core Rectum Tympanic Membrane Oesophagus Pulmonary artery Urinary bladder Surface Skin Axillae Oral

4. Equipment Glass/plastic/tympanic thermometer Alcohol swab if required Time required varies Pen, vital sign record sheet

5. T ° Process Tollefson 2007 pp226-228

6. T ° Process  Explanation  Equipment & Environment  Standard Precautions  Previous Activity?  Site  Equipment  Document  Compare

7. T ° Process http://latnet.biz/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/mercury_thermometer.jpg http://www.michigan.gov/images/mdch/Thermometer_broken_Final_217161_7.jpg

9. Effects on T ° Developmental state Circadian rhythms Hormones Stress Environment Nervous System Impairment Medications/Illicit Substances Genetic

10. Circulatory impairment Integumentary impairment Infection Exercise Altered cognitive states Altered nutrition Smoking Drinking hot or cold food/fluid Effects on T°

11. Normal Ranges Adapted from Wotton (2009) 35.5 – 36.5°C Older adult : Oral 36 – 37.2°C 36 - 37.5°C 36 - 37.5°C 35.5 - 36.5°C Adult: Oral Tympanic Rectal Axilla 35.5°-37.5°C Newborn:

12. Figure 31-1 Crisp & Taylor 2009

13. Abnormal T ° Febrile Pyrexia Hyperpyrexia Hypothermia

14. To ↓ T ° ↓ Environmental T ° Electric Fan Ice Chips/Cool Drinks Tepid Shower/Sponge Cotton Clothing/Linen Antipyretic Medication

15. Today’s Lecture  Vital Signs Overview/Context  Temperature  Pulse  Blood Pressure  Respiratory Rate  Oxygen Saturation  Pain  Assignment