NP-C8-CD8.2-The_-ing_form.pptx

1. SECTION 8.2
THE ‘-ING’ FORM
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2. GOALS OF SECTION 8.2
Identify different ways of using
the ‘-ing’ form
Compare the difference between
the infinitive and the ‘-ing’ form
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3. 1. THE ‘-
ING’ FORM
Active Passive
Present “–ing
form”
(not) asking (not) being
asked
present
progressive
“–ing form”
--- ---
perfect or past
“–ing form”
(not) having
asked
(not) having
been asked
perfect/ past
progressive
“–ing form”
--- ---
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4. EXAMPLE
S
Active Passive
Present
“–ing form”
I hate asking
people their age.
I hate being asked
my age.
present
progressive “–
ing form”
--- ---
perfect or past
“–ing form”
I’m proud of
having completed
the race.
I disliked having
been ignored.
perfect/ past
progressive
“–ing form”
--- ---
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5. 2. FUNCTIONS OF THE ‘-ING’ FORM
Gerund as Examples
Verb_ing
(Continuous Tenses)
She is playing with her children.
They were having dinner at this time yesterday.
Adjectives It is the most famous shopping mall.
She is an amazing girl.
Nouns My favorite sport is swimming. (subject complement)
Swimming is good for health. (subject)
My sister enjoys swimming. (object)
Her classmates are excellent at swimming. (object of preposition)
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6. 3. VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE ‘-ING’
FORM
Verb Examples
avoid She avoids meeting her mom.
admit The boy admitted stealing money.
consider, deny, dislike, enjoy, fancy, feel like, finish, give up,
imagine, involve, keep on, go on, carry on, mind, miss,
practice, put off, risk, etc.
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7. 4. PHRASES
FOLLOWED BY
THE ‘-ING’ FORM
Verb/ Phrase Examples
After preposition He left the restaurant without paying.
be used to/ get used to/ be
accustomed to
She got used to living in a big city.
It’s no good,
It’s no use
It’s no good trying to persuade me. You won’t succeed.
It’s no use worrying about what happened. There’s nothing you can
do about it.
It’s worth
It’s (just) not worth
It’s a nice town. It’s worth spending a few days there.
Our flight was very early in the morning, so it wasn’t worth going to
bed.
There’s no point in There’s no point in having a car if you never use it.
What’s the use/ point of What is the use/ point of having a car if you never use it?
There’s nothing worse than There’s nothing worse than feeling ill in a strange place.
can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand She can’t help laughing when she saw it.
I can’t stand waiting for buses.
have fun
have a good time
We had great fun comparing our baby photographs.
have trouble
have difficulty
have a problem
I had no trouble finding a place to stay.
People sometimes have difficulty reading my writing.
Did you have a problem getting a visa?
spend time/money
waste time/money
He spent hours trying to repair the clock.
I waste a lot of time doing nothing.
find noun/ pronoun + V_ing Men always found her extremely attractive.
go + V_ing
(sports, activities)
go sailing, go swimming, go fishing, go riding, go hiking, go surfing,
go scuba diving, go skiing, go jogging, go camping
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8. THE
INFINITIVE
VS
THE ‘-ING
FORM’
Verbs Examples
Verbs
of
perception
watch She watched him enter the building.
(I saw the complete action from start to finish.)
She watched him entering the building.
(I saw him in the middle of doing something)
see, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel, smell, catch, etc.
Adjectives It’s difficult to speak English well.
It’s difficult speaking English well.
It was pleasant to lie in the sun.
It was pleasant lying in the sun.
Verbs followed by to-infinitive and gerund (same meaning)
start
begin
It started raining.
It started to rain.
It’s starting to rain. (not usually It’s starting raining.)
continue It continues raining.
It continues to rain.
intend John intends buying a house.
John intends to buy a house.
bother Don’t bother locking the door.
Don’t bother to lock the door.
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9. THE INFINITIVE VS THE ‘-ING’ FORM (CONT.)
Verbs followed by to-infinitive and gerund (different meanings)
to-infinitive gerund (V_ing)
rememb
er
= do not forget to do something
Remember to save your work often, just in
case your computer crashes.
= have a memory of something
I remember meeting her once. It must
have been five years ago.
regret = I am sorry that I have to say
British Airways regret to announce the
cancellation of flight.
= something which happened in the
past
I have always regretted not having
studied hard at school.
go on = do something new
After discussing the economy, the president
went on to talk about foreign policy.
= continue
The president paused for a moment
and then went on talking.
try = make an effort to do something
I tried to move the table, but it was too
heavy. (so I couldn’t move it.)
= do it as an experiment
I didn’t like the way the furniture was
arranged, so I tried moving the table to
the other side of the room. (=I moved
it to see if it looked better.)
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10. STRUCTURES WITH THE ‘-ING’ FORM
1. Two actions at the same time
2. One action, then another action
3. Explaining why
4. Preposition + ‘-ing’
5. Linking words + ‘-ing’
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11. 1. Two actions at the same time
a. Last Friday night, Jim Hunt drove home from work thinking about the quiet
weekend ahead.
b. But then, travelling past Tenbury Hill, he had the strangest experience of his life.
c. Then he saw a brightly lit object flying slowly across the road.
d. He watched it coming down to land between the road and the hill to his left.
2. One action, then another action
a. Taking his camera out of the glove box, he got out of the car.
b. Having shut the car door quietly and carefully, he turned to start walking
towards the object, which was still brightly lit.
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12. 3. Explaining why
a. Being a scientist, Jim wanted to find out more about this strange thing.
b. Having refused to believe in UFOs all his life, he felt there must be some other, simple
explanation.
4. Preposition + ‘-ing’
a. Despite feeling sure that the object was not a UFO, Jim could not think what else it might be.
b. On getting nearer, he began recording comments as well as taking photos.
c. Then, suddenly, the thing took off again without making any noise at all.
5. Linking words + ‘-ing’
a. After climbing slowly to about 100 meters, the object shot away to the north-east at high
speed.
b. Before calling the police, Jim ran the last few meters to where it had been just 30 seconds
before.
c. Although expecting to find nothing there, he actually found burnt marks on the grass.
d. “Perhaps it really was a UFO,” he thought to himself while calling 999 for the police. 12

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