Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to NOT Final Senior Design Project
NOT Final Senior Design Project
- 1. Utilization of Biosolids: SoilFertilization & Energy Production Devon Beesley, Patrick Cusack, Parker Raymond & Graham Walker Clemson University, Clemson, SC - November 19, 2019
- 2. ● Introduction ○ Background ○Rationale ○ Objectives ○ Approaches ● Literature review ● Materials and methods ● Results ○ Land application ○ Gasification ● Take home messages ● Acknowledgements Outline
- 3.
- 4. Introduction ● Human wastewill always be produced ● Typical treatment processes ○ Primary treatment: solid separation by sedimentation and filtration ○ Secondary treatment: reduction of BOD by microorganisms ○ Tertiary treatment: removal of excess pollutants and nutrients ● Main products ○ Treated water ○ Biosolids ● Definitions ○ Sewage sludge: pre-treated solid waste ○ Biosolids: post-treated solid waste Sewage Treatment Plants
- 5.
- 6. Clemson University WWTP ●Biosolids ○ Exit secondary digester as 2-3% solid ○ Exit dewatering press at 18% solid ○ Sent to the Anderson County landfill (Subtitle-D, Class III) ● Historical masses produced ○ 2017: 745.08 tons ○ 2018: 871.49 tons ○ 2019: 646.98 tons (as of 9/13/19) ● Future ○ Amount produced is projected to increase in the coming years, as the university plans to increase enrollment and open the new College of Business Aerial View of Clemson University Wastewater Treatment Plant Introduction
- 7. Biosolids ● Beneficial components ○Organic compounds (C) ○ Macronutrients ○ Micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn) ● Negative components ○ Praestol Polymer ○ Excess nutrients (C, N, P) ○ Heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn) ○ Endocrine disruptors (e.g., androgens, estrogens) ○ Pathogens (e.g., E. coli, C. jejuni, V. cholerae) ○ Pesticides (e.g., organophosphates, organochlorines) ○ Toxic organic compounds ○ Detergents ○ Salts ○ Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAs) ● Potential Uses ○ Land application ○ Gasification ○ Incineration ○ Composting ○ Landfill Introduction Biosolids
- 8. Polymer Introduction ● PraestolTM K274 FLX FLOCCULANT ○ Created by Solenis ○ Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects ○ Cannot be inhaled ○ Should not be allowed to enter drains, water courses or soil
- 9. Rationale The CU WWTPcurrently produces more than 700 tons of dewatered biosolids per year. Unfortunately, these nutrient-dense materials are currently being sent to the Anderson county landfill. Alternative uses of the biosolids produced from the CU WWTP must be developed to make Clemson University more environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. Introduction
- 10. Objective The objective ofthis project is to design a viable pathway to utilize all of the biosolids coming from the Clemson University wastewater treatment facility. Introduction
- 11. Approaches Task 1. Toreview information regarding land application, gasification and the related regulations Task 2. To determine fecal coliform concentrations by sampling the biosolids produced at the CU WWTP Task 3. To reduce the fecal coliform concentration with a process to significantly reduce pathogens (PSRP) Task 4. To use an environmentally friendly starch based polymer Task 5. To determine land(s) on which biosolids can be applied, type(s) of vegetation grown on that land, and area of that land Task 6. To calculate the volume of biosolids that will be applied to the land(s). Task 7. To design a gasification process for Clemson University for energy utilization. Task 8. To model gasification of biosolids with SuperPro. Task 9. To perform a cost analysis of land application and gasification Introduction
- 12.
- 13.
- 14. Literature Review Carbon CycleHydrolysis Complex organic C→ C6H12O6 Aerobic respiration C6H12O6 + O2→CO2 Carbon fixation CO2→ C6H12O6 Carbon assimilation C6H12O6→ complex organic C Anaerobic respiration C6H12O6 + NO3- →CO2 Fermentation C H O → reduced
- 15. Literature Review Microbial NitrogenCycle Nitrogen fixation N2→ NH3 / NH4 + Nitrification NH4 + → NO3 - Assimilative reduction NO3 - → NH4 + Denitrification Glucose + NO3 - → N2 + CO2 Hydrolysis (ammonification, mineralization) Organic N → NH4 + / NH3 Nitrogen assimilation Amino acids → protein → cell mass NH4 + → C5H7O2N
- 16. Literature Review Phosphorus Cycle Mineralization OrganicP→ PO4 3- Assimilation PO43- → Organic P
- 17. Literature Review Elemental Cycles ● Naturallyeach cycle is a closed loop system ○ Elements recycled efficiently ● Landfilling causes process to operate as an open loop system ○ Prevents the elements from recycling efficiently
- 18. Literature Review: LandApplication
- 19. Permitting ● National PollutantDischarge Elimination System (NPDES) permit ○ Required for wastewater treatment facilities ○ Basic requirements ■ Topographical map of wastewater treatment plant ■ Population of humans who contribute to the wastewater ■ Facility’s design maximum flow ■ Process flow diagram ■ Location and flow rate of effluent wastewater Literature Review: Land Application
- 20. Permitting ● SC Departmentof Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) permit ○ Required to land apply biosolids in South Carolina ○ Requirements ■ Qualitative ● Continuous or intermittent application ● Location of application size ■ Quantitative ● Biosolid concentrations of Kjeldahl N, inorganic N, ammonia N, P and K ● Biosolid pollutant concentrations: As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn ● Effluent pH, temperature, cyanide concentration, total phenols, residual chlorine, oil & grease concentrations, and fecal coliform levels ● Average daily volume (gpd) applied to site ● Area of the application site ● Design TSS removal (percent) ● 5-day BOD test Literature Review: Land Application
- 21. Regulations ● Maximum allowableheavy metal concentrations for land applied biosolids Literature Review: Land Application
- 22. Regulations Literature Review: LandApplication ● Regulation 61-9: Water Pollution Control Limits ○ Biosolids cannot be applied to land… ■ If likely negatively affect threatened/endangered species under section 4 of Endangered Species Act ■ If runoff into a wetland or other waters of SC ■ Within 10 meters of a body of water of SC ■ At a rate larger than agronomic rate for the biosolids (for agricultural fields)
- 23. ● Part 503of the Clean Water Act (CWA) ● Pathogens ○ Classification of biosolids: Class A or Class B ■ Class A: contain pathogen concentrations below detectable limits ■ Class B: contain maximum of 1-2 million MPN per 4 gram per dry weight, or 100 mL per wet weight basis, of fecal coliforms ● Pathogen concentration must be reduced before land application ○ Processes to significantly reduce pathogens (PSRPs) ■ Aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, air drying, composting, lime stabilization ○ Processes to further reduce pathogens (PFRPs) ■ Composting, heat drying, heat treatment, thermophilic aerobic digestion, beta ray irradiation, gamma ray irradiation, pasteurization Literature Review: Land Application Regulations
- 24. Literature Review: LandApplication Regulations ● Indicator species according to Part 503 of CWA Fecal coliforms (ex. E. coli) Salmonella sp. Enteric viruses (ex. Poliovirus sp.) Viable helminth ova (ex. Ascaris lumbricoides)
- 25. ● 40 CFRPart 503 of CWA ● Vectors: organisms or objects that transfer pathogens ○ Required to accomplish one of ten options mentioned in Part 503 to achieve vector attraction reduction (VAR) ○ Preventative strategies ■ Reduce mass of volatile solids by a minimum of 38% ■ Additional anaerobic or aerobic digestion in a bench-scale unit ■ Meet specific oxygen uptake rate for aerobically treated biosolids ■ Use aerobic processes at greater than 40℃ for 14 days or longer ■ Add alkaline materials to raise the pH under specified conditions ■ Reduce moisture content of biosolids with unstabilized solids to at least 90% Literature Review: Land Application Regulations
- 26. Literature Review: LandApplication Additional Constraints ● No regulations to control the application of these compounds ○ Pharmaceuticals ○ Hormone disruptors ○ Microplastics ○ PFAS ○ Patented polymer flocculant ● Site restrictions ○ Animals can not be grazed on the land until 30 days after land application ○ Humans cannot access site for 30 days
- 27.
- 28. ● Input ○ Biomass ○Air ● Outputs ○ Producer gas ○ Ash and high temp biochar ○ Impurities ● Processes ○ Drying ○ Pyrolysis ○ Combustion/Cracking ○ Reduction ● Partial combustion Literature Review: Gasification Process Overview
- 29. Process Overview Literature Review:Gasification
- 30.
- 31. ● Updraft gasification ○Counter-current flow ○ Low particulate content of outgoing gas ● Downdraft gasification ○ Co-current flow ○ Possibly carbon negative ● Fluidized gasification ○ Higher fuel throughput than fixed bed but less than entrained flow ○ Fuel must be highly reactive ● Entrained flow gasification ○ Fuel slurry ○ More slag and no tars in gas production Literature Review: Gasification Types of Gasification
- 32. Literature Review: Gasification Feedstocks Woodchips Coke Biosolids Pellets CoalSlurry
- 33. ● Outlet Gas ○Fine particulates ○ Aromatics ○ Nitrogen gas & carbon dioxide ○ Combustible gases ■ Carbon monoxide, hydrogen gas, methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene ○ High CO and N2 content Literature Review: Gasification Products ● Solids ○ Char ○ Biochar ○ Activated carbon ○ Ash ● Impurities ○ Tars ○ Sulfur and nitrogen compounds ○ Hydrogen halides ○ Trace metals
- 34. Literature Review: Gasification SolidProduction ● Biochar (High Heat) ○ Low porosity ■ Crystalline structure ■ Stores carbon if added to soil ● Ash ○ Created from high heat ○ Powder form ○ C, H, O, and N completely removed ○ Minerals remain ■ Na, Ca, K, e.g.
- 35. ● Easy andcost effective ● Energy dense and consistent compounds ● Pretreatment ○ Select Feedstock ○ Filtrate ○ Store ○ Dry to 10-15% water content ○ Crush to consistency ● Pelletization ○ Die and roller compress ○ Lignin and resins act as binding agent ○ Binding agent addition ● Post treatment ○ Cooled and stored Literature Review: Gasification Pelletization
- 36. ● Systems thatproduce electricity ○ Internal combustion engines ■ Cars and other motor vehicles ○ Diesel engines ■ Two stage combustion with Hydrogen gas ○ Dual fuel mode ■ Hybrid vehicles ○ Combined heat and power systems ■ Gasification ■ Gas turbines Literature Review: Gasification Energy Production
- 37.
- 38. Dewatering & Dryingof Biosolids
- 39. ● Environmental Impact ○Friendly Starch Polymer Materials and Methods
- 40. Solar Dryer formHuber Materials and Methods ● Greenhouse set up ● Utilizes solar heat ● Dimensions: 40ft by 60ft
- 41. Land Application ofBiosolids
- 42. Overview Materials ● Biosolid storagetanks ● Simpson farm pasturelands ● Terragator or other equipment capable of spreading ● Dryer (add specific name) ● Starch based polymer Methods ● Determine acceptable lands based on SC DHEC regulations ● Take soil samples of land to determine nutrient concentrations ● Calculate acceptable biosolid volume to be land applied based on nutrient concentrations in the soil & biosolids, size of land, and agronomic rate of crop ● Heat the biosolids to ____ ℃ for ____ days Materials and Methods: Land Application
- 43. Options for PSRP/PFRP Materialsand Methods: Land Application ● Lime stabilization ○ Class B ○ Con: socially unsustainable because it adds a smell ● Anaerobic Digestion ○ Class B ○ Con: reverting to a previous process ■ Revision of entire system would be required ● Drying ○ Class A ○ Con: energy intensive
- 44. Gasification of Biosolids forEnergy Production
- 45. ● Clemson UniversityPelletizer ○ California Pellet Mill CL Type 3 ○ Creates cylindrical pellets ■ Length is 2.5 times the diameter ○ Produces 30-200 pounds of pellets per hour ○ Energy input ■ 3-phase ■ 60 Hz ■ 230-460 volt current Clemson University Pelletizer Materials and Methods: Gasification
- 46. ● All PowerLabs ● PP20 Power Pallet ○ Feedstock holding tank ■ Feedstock is 15-30% moisture on dry basis ○ Pyrolysis chamber ○ Combustion, cracking, and reduction zone ○ Ash collector ○ Cyclone (fine particles) ○ Filter (tar gases) ○ Internal combustion engine ○ Generator ○ Automatization of system ● Produces 1 kWh from 1.2 kg feedstocks Materials and Methods: Gasification Clemson University Gasifier
- 47. Governing Equations Materials andMethods: Gasification We don’t use two of these equations
- 48. Design Equations ● mG=mass of pellet before gasification ● mp= mass of solid before pelletization ● mb= mass of biosolids ● mwc= mass of woodchips ● mwater= mass of water ● ⍴T= total density ● ⍴water= density of water ● ⍴wc= density of woodchips Materials and Methods: Gasification
- 49.
- 50. Results Process Flow Diagram Update PFD toinclude the other considerations for PSRP/PFRPs
- 51.
- 52. Results: Land Application InitialTesting Monitoring Microbes Update the decision making process to have two different processes instead of a sequential single process
- 53. Fecal Coliform Tests ●Two replicates of biosolid samples Dewatered Sludge Secondary Sludge Primary Sludge Fecal Coliform (MPN/g dry wt) Primary Digester 597,000,000 Secondary Digester 1,720,000 Dewatered Sludge 10,600,000 ● Do not meet Class B classification ○ 10.6 million MPN > 0.5 million MPN Results: Land Application
- 54. Soil Sampling Area Materialsand Methods: Land Application Simpson Farm Pendleton, SC Lot 29 (fertilizer) Lot 23 (no fertilizer)
- 55. Soil Testing Soil pH P (lbs/A) K (lbs/A) Ca (lbs/A) Mg (lbs/A) Zn (lbs/A) Mn (lbs/A) Cu (lbs/A) B (lbs/A) Na (lbs/A) NO3-N (lbs/A) Lot 23 (no fertilizer) 5.763.67 302 920 279 3.50 32 0.467 0.60 10 1.67 Lot 29 (fertilizer) 5.98 24.6 125 1454 373 5.31 39.8 1.68 0.456 16.4 32.9 Results: Land Application
- 56. Step 2: Dryerand Pelletizer Results: Land Application
- 57. Drying System ● Incomingbiosolids at 872 tons of 18% dry weight ● Solar dryer used a combination of convection, conduction, and radiation to heat ○ Greenhouse effect allows for heat to be retained ○ Dries the solids from 18% to 65% dry weight ● Conventional dryer then uses electrical energy to produce heat ○ Dries the solids from 65% to 95% dry weight ● Products ○ 165 tons of solids ○ 706 tons of water Take into account water recycled from press. Entering Water Mass (Tons) Retained Water Mass (Tons) Lost Water Mass (Tons) Press 7848.00 715.04 7132.96 Solar Dryer 715.04 84.52 630.52 Conventional Dryer 84.52 8.26 76.26 Results: Land Application
- 58. Model: Dryer Change screenshot Results:Land Application
- 59. Pelletizer ● Inputs basedon 2018 numbers ○ Solids: 165 tons with 10% lignin content ○ Wood chips: 83 tons with 25% lignin content ● Product ○ Pellets with density of 651 kg/m3 with 15% lignin content and 83% solid Put in the results of the wood chips Results: Land Application
- 60. Model: Pelletizer Place compositionof wood chips and biosolids. Change screenshot. Results: Land Application
- 61. Applying Biosolids Results: LandApplication
- 62. Storage Tank Calculations forstorage tank dimensions ● Amount of biosolids produced in 2018 = 1,742,980 lb ● Density of biosolids = 45.01 lb/ft3 ● Volume of biosolids produced per year Choose mass of biosolids produced = 1,000,000 lbs V = m / ρ V = (1,000,000 lbs) / (45.01 lb/ft3) V = 22,217.29 ft3 ● Storage tank dimensions Choose radius = 25 ft V = π * r2 * h 22,217.29 ft3 = π * (25 ft)2 * h h = 11.32 ft V = 23,561.9 ft3 r = 25 ft h = 12 ft Tank Aerial view of CU WWTP Need to revise these calculations Results: Land Application
- 63. Calculation for amountof biosolids land applied ● 103.65 acres of rotational cropping further than 10 m of body of water) ● Biosolids application (app.) rate on hay: 2-5 dry tons of biosolids/acre Rate of Application (103.65 acres) / (4 rotational fields) = 25.9 acres/field Acreage Biosolids application rate (dry tons/acre) Number of applications per year Tons of biosolids 25.9 7.5 1 194.25 25.9 12.5 1 323.75 25.9 31 1 802.90 25.9 3.5 3 90.65 1,411.55 Results: Land Application
- 64. Take Home Messages Pros& Cons of Land Application ● Pros ○ Addition of organic matter ○ Increase in macro and microporosity ■ Increases infiltration rate ■ Increases water holding capacity ■ Decreases rate of runoff ○ Addition of vital nutrients ■ Phosphorus ■ Nitrogen ● Cons ○ Nutrients could leach into groundwater or runoff into bodies of water after extreme weather events ○ Addition of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and microplastics into soil
- 65.
- 66. Gasification Flow model Results:Gasification
- 67. Gasifier ● Feedstock ○ Densityof feedstock: 651 kg/m3 ○ Volume of feedstock: 345 m3 ● Batches ○ Volume of vessel: 0.33 m3 ○ Number of batches: 1046 cycles ○ Batches per day: 3 cycles/day ● Recycling waste ○ Solar dryer ■ Water vapor inlet to pyrolysis chamber ○ Heat to secondary dryer ■ High moisture content fuel ○ Electricity to power dryer and pelletizer Results: Gasification
- 68. Gasifier This is notthe final screenshot for this Results: Gasification
- 69. Model: Gasifier Change thescreenshot Results: Gasification
- 70. Gasification: Engine ● Incomingproducer gases: TABLE ○ 10.5% H2 with enthalpy of combustion 141,584 kJ/kg ○ 8.7% CO with enthalpy of combustion 10,100 kJ/kg ○ 1.6% CH4 with enthalpy of combustion 55,514 kJ/kg ○ 0.7% C2H4 with enthalpy of combustion 50,285 kJ/kg ○ 0.2% C2H6. with enthalpy of combustion 51,895 kJ/kg Include Screenshot for this and the generator? Results: Gasification
- 71. Gasification: Generator ● Energyis produced 187,000 kWh TABLE ○ H2 39.33 kWh/kg ○ CO 2.81 kWh/kg ○ CH4 15.42 kWh/kg ○ C2H4 13.97 kWh/kg ○ C2H6. 14.42 kWh/kg ● Enough energy for 14 houses in South Carolina a year If we can get $0.08 for 1 kWh, then its 11,490 money dollars Results: Gasification
- 72. Take Home Messages Pros& Cons of Gasification ● Pros ○ Contributes to a closed loop system ■ A carbon negative process ○ Successfully turns a waste material into an energy source ■ 187,000 kWh ■ Creates a clean gas ■ Create electricity from an item currently discarded ○ Production of high heat biochar ■ Soil remediation ● PFAS reduction ■ Carbon storage ○ Production of ash ● Cons ○ Increased workload ■ Biochar, ash, additional personnel ○ Production of impurities ■ Tar gas ○ High levels of waste heat ■ Thermodynamically unfavorable ○ Inconsistent biosolids flow ■ Unable to utilize all biosolids at peak flow ● Would need to use additional processes ○ Regulations and handling ■ EPA Emissions permitting ■ Record keeping ■ OSHA worker health safety
- 73. ● Cost ○ Solardryer capital cost ○ Solar dryer operating cost ○ Conventional dryer capital cost ○ Conventional dryer operating cost ○ 2 paid operators ○ Gasification operating cost ○ Pelletizer operating cost ○ Mixing before pelletization operating cost Results Economic Analysis ● Money Gained ○ $11,490 from gasifier ○ $20,000 for no more landfill ● Money payback time Make this look pretty and finish numbers Estimate the costs of the drying system if the company does not respond
- 74.
- 75. Take Home Messages Recommendation ●Replace current polymer for starch polymer ● Look at the system from an overall perspective What do we put here? Do we even have a recomendation?
- 76. Sustainability Capstone Design LawsResearch Education ● Reduces landfillspace ● Produces electricity ● Produces natural fertilizers pharmaceuticals microplastics hormone disruptors governmental regulations presentation ● Humans excrete waste ● Proper disposal and treatment of human wastewater is necessary for public and environmental health ● Gasification ● Land application ● Pelletization Take Home Messages
- 77. ● Clemson University ●Dr. Christophe Darnault, Associate Professor ● Ms. Jazmine Taylor, Lecturer ● Dr. Tom O. Owino, Associate Professor ● Dr. Caye Drapcho, Associate Professor ● Tony Putnam, Clemson University Executive Director of Utility Services and Energy Management ● Matthew Garrison, Clemson University Waste Treatment Superintendent ● Harry Kirby, Clemson University Environmental ComplianceEngineer ● David “Buddy” Haines, Project Assistant and Composting Operations Manager ● Billy Bolger, Project Engineer ● Holly Elmore, CEO and Founder of Elemental Impact ● Doris Wilson, Chief Operator of City of ClemsonWWTP on Cochran Rd. ● Russell A. Hardy, CF, Forest Manager at Clemson Experimental Forest ● Garland M. Veasey, Director Research Farm Service, USDA NIFA Screener ● Matthew J. Fisher, Manager, Simpson Station ● Wayne King, ERTH Products CEO, Advisory Board Member of Elemental Impact, & former President of the U.S. Composting Council ● Kathy Kellogg Johnson, Kellogg Garden Products Chair and Chief Sustainability Officer ● Dr. Thomas Dodd, Exam Development Engineer & previous Senior Application Engineer ● Dr. Terry Walker, Professor ● Dr. Rui Xiao, Lecturer Acknowledgments
- 78. Don’t waste yourwaste!
- 79.
Editor's Notes
- #2 Devon
- #3 Devon
- #4 Devon
- #5 Parker Biological processes to remove dissolved and suspended solids
- #6 Parker There are aerobic digesters, but it used to be anaerobic digesters
- #7 Patrick
- #8 Patrick
- #9 Parker
- #10 Parker
- #11 Graham
- #12 Graham
- #13 Patrick “As you will soon see, our project relates humans, technology and sustainability”
- #14 Patrick
- #15 Devon
- #16 Devon
- #17 Devon
- #18 Devon (Nitrogen Fixation increased by humans) Source: http://gembapadawan.blogspot.com/2012/01/how-to-reverse-2nd-law-of.html
- #19 Devon
- #20 Patrick
- #21 Patrick (pronounced chel-del) Kjeldahl N (TKN) is the sum of nitrogen bound in organic substances, nitrogen in ammonia (NH3-N) and in ammonium (NH4+-N)
- #22 Patrick
- #23 Patrick
- #24 Graham https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-12/documents/plain-english-guide-part503-biosolids-rule.pdf
- #25 Graham Helminth ova = parasitic worms Need to put in paper https://www.bbc.com/news/health-13639241 https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/171212 https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Polio-Virion-Infection.aspx https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322340.php
- #26 Graham Need to cite in paper https://www.tellerreport.com/news/2019-08-31---these-bugs-are-mass-murderers--why-flies-and-mosquitoes-are-the-most-harmful-insects-for-man-.B14BtVwHr.html
- #27 Devon
- #28 Devon
- #29 Parker
- #30 Parker Need to fix font colors
- #31 Parker
- #32 Graham
- #33 Graham
- #34 Graham Biochar is NOT a product, it’s an intermediate step and ash is a “waste” product - according to Buddy
- #35 Graham Do we need to include this slide? c,Hon are not completely removed
- #36 Parker 10-15% water content water content
- #37 Graham Do we need this slide? Diesel engines 2 stage combustion with Hydrogen gas Dual fuel mode Hybrid vehicles Add picture of engine Edit slide
- #38 Graham
- #39 Graham
- #40 Parker
- #41 Devon
- #42 Graham
- #43 Patrick
- #44 Devon
- #45 Graham
- #46 Parker
- #47 Parker NEW PICTURE (need) Find a diagram, blueprint of where components are located Calculate efficiency for the energy calculation so we can compare a fuel/feedstocks that the audience is familiar with
- #48 Graham Total energy = rate of sensible energy from dry product gas + the chemical energy of dry product gas HHVss is the higher heating value of sewage sludge and Fdss is the dry sewage sludge feed rate
- #49 Devon
- #50 Devon
- #51 Devon
- #52 Devon
- #53 Devon
- #54 Devon
- #55 Patrick
- #56 Devon
- #57 Parker After the biosolids are considered class B Need to split up drying and pelletizing
- #58 Parker This slide starts the gasification process so we need to change the title (Step 5, if that's what we agree on) and include the location on the PFD Add a picture of a dryer For the next few slides Picture Highlight the process that we are at in the PFD Ensure that the fonts are the same throughout “Fill in” the empty space
- #59 Parker For the final, we need to include numbers for each input and output Change the label of S-104 to whatever it is
- #60 Parker
- #61 Parker
- #62 Patrick
- #63 Patrick
- #64 Patrick Calculation assumes that nitrogen & phosphorus concentrations on Simpson Farms is not already too high Need to contact Simpson Farm people and get specific tract of land with slope, soil types, etc. Need to make sure that the land we choose meets all requirements on slide 16
- #65 Devon
- #66 Patrick
- #67 Graham
- #68 Graham Should we suggest
- #69 Graham Should we suggest
- #70 Graham Ash/Impurities is difficult to read Delete moderator stream
- #71 Graham Figure of the engine
- #72 Graham Change the font so that the commas and periods can be seen Apply energy to university building? Mention how we use this power to power the pelletization process
- #73 Parker (Give numbers) (Does it cost a lot?) (we would utilize in dryer/pelletizer)
- #74 Devon Replace slide with venn diagram or include good picture Separate the two processes
- #75 Devon Highlight the key findings,
- #76 Devon Replace slide with venn diagram or include good picture Separate the two processes
- #77 Devon
- #78 Devon
- #79 Patrick At least one figure is something that we design; include elements from “our work”; add text boxes https://newsstand.clemson.edu/student-affairs-blog-clemsonlife-live-mas-awards-and-podcasts/
- #80 Patrick
- #81 Patrick
- #82 Patrick