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Normalizati
on
“
⊷ Group Members
2
1. P.P.P.Madhushani
2. G.G.A.R.U.Gunasekara
3. N.H.B.Pethiyagoda
4. Ayesha Vidyani
Normalization
⊷ Database Normalization is a technique of organizing
the data in the database. Normalization is a systematic
approach of decomposing tables to eliminate data
redundancy(repetition) and undesirable characteristics
like Insertion, Update and Deletion Anamolies. It is a
multi-step process that puts data into tabular form,
removing duplicated data from the relation tables.
Normalization is used for mainly two purposes,
⊷ Eliminating redundant (useless) data.
⊷ Ensuring data dependencies make sense i.e. data is
logically stored.
3
“
Data Redundancy occurs when the same data is entered
in to two or more fields of a database.
4
Difference Between Duplication and Redundancy
Data Duplication occurs when an exact copy of a
piece of data is created.
“
5
Aims of Normalization
Problems
Without
Normalization
6
There are 3 problems
that can occur without
Normalization
7
⊷ 1. Insert Anomaly
⊷ 2. Delete Anomaly
⊷ 3. Update Anomaly
Stages of Normalization
8
⊷ First Normal Form
⊷ Second Normal Form
⊷ Third Normal Form
⊷ BCNF
⊷ Fourth Normal Form
First Normal Form
9
A table is in it’s first normal form if
it contains no repeating attributes
or groups of attributes.
10
11
Second Normal Form
12
A table is in the second normal
form AND no column that is not
part of the primary key is
dependant only a portion of the
Primary Key.
13
14
Third Normal Form
15
A table is in the third normal
form if it is in the second
normal form. And there are
no non-key columns
dependant on other non-key
columns that could not act
as the primary key.
16
17
Thank You
18

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Normalization

  • 2. “ ⊷ Group Members 2 1. P.P.P.Madhushani 2. G.G.A.R.U.Gunasekara 3. N.H.B.Pethiyagoda 4. Ayesha Vidyani
  • 3. Normalization ⊷ Database Normalization is a technique of organizing the data in the database. Normalization is a systematic approach of decomposing tables to eliminate data redundancy(repetition) and undesirable characteristics like Insertion, Update and Deletion Anamolies. It is a multi-step process that puts data into tabular form, removing duplicated data from the relation tables. Normalization is used for mainly two purposes, ⊷ Eliminating redundant (useless) data. ⊷ Ensuring data dependencies make sense i.e. data is logically stored. 3
  • 4. “ Data Redundancy occurs when the same data is entered in to two or more fields of a database. 4 Difference Between Duplication and Redundancy Data Duplication occurs when an exact copy of a piece of data is created.
  • 7. There are 3 problems that can occur without Normalization 7 ⊷ 1. Insert Anomaly ⊷ 2. Delete Anomaly ⊷ 3. Update Anomaly
  • 8. Stages of Normalization 8 ⊷ First Normal Form ⊷ Second Normal Form ⊷ Third Normal Form ⊷ BCNF ⊷ Fourth Normal Form
  • 9. First Normal Form 9 A table is in it’s first normal form if it contains no repeating attributes or groups of attributes.
  • 10. 10
  • 11. 11
  • 12. Second Normal Form 12 A table is in the second normal form AND no column that is not part of the primary key is dependant only a portion of the Primary Key.
  • 13. 13
  • 14. 14
  • 15. Third Normal Form 15 A table is in the third normal form if it is in the second normal form. And there are no non-key columns dependant on other non-key columns that could not act as the primary key.
  • 16. 16
  • 17. 17