Nomenclature-- Dentition

Chapter 4
Dentition
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Previous editions copyrighted 1977, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998.

 The arrangement of
teeth is referred to as
the dentition.
 The primary dentition
refers to the 20
deciduous teeth.
Arrangement of Teeth
2

 The secondary
dentition refers to the
32 permanent teeth.
3

 The dentition is divided into upper and lower
arches.
The teeth in the upper jaw belong to the maxillary
arch.
The teeth in the lower jaw belong to the mandibular
arch.
4

 The mandibular and maxillary arches each
compose one half of the dentition (16 teeth).
 The arches are further divided into a right and a
left half, making four quadrants, two in each
arch.
 Each quadrant consists of one fourth of the
dentition (8 teeth) and has a mirror image on the
other side of the arch and an opposing quadrant
in the opposite arch.
5

 The vertical line dividing the right and left sides
of the body is the midsagittal plane, called the
midline, or median line, of the face.
 The right and left quadrants are separated by
this vertical line, which represents the midline of
the skull when facing the patient.
6

 A permanent dentition quadrant has a central
and lateral incisor; canine; first and second
premolar; and a first, second, and third molar.
 A deciduous (primary) quadrant has five teeth:
two incisors, a canine, and a first and second
molar.
7

 The permanent teeth that replace or succeed
the deciduous teeth are called succedaneous
teeth.
 The permanent molars are nonsuccedaneous
teeth because they do not succeed or replace
deciduous teeth.
 The permanent premolars are succedaneous
teeth because they replace the deciduous
molars.
8

 A mixed dentition refers to one that comprises
some permanent teeth and some deciduous
teeth.
 If any combination of primary and secondary
teeth are in the same dentition, then a mixed
dentition is present.
9

 When identifying a specific tooth, list the
dentition, arch, quadrant, and tooth name in that
order.
 e.g., permanent [dentition], mandibular [arch], right
[quadrant], central incisor [tooth].
Naming and Coding Teeth
10

Universal System
 The Universal system uses the Arabic numerals 1
through 32 for permanent teeth and the letters A
through T for the primary teeth.
11

Universal System (Cont.)
 The number 1 is assigned
to the most posterior
molar on the upper right.
 The permanent
mandibular right third
molar.
12

Universal System (Cont.)
 The letter A is given to the
primary maxillary right
second molar, and the
letter T to the primary
mandibular right second
molar.
13

Palmer Notation System
 In the Palmer notation system, the quadrants are
determined by the intersection of a vertical and a
horizontal line.
14

Palmer Notation System (Cont.)
 Each of the four quadrants is given its own quadrant
bracket.
15

 The Palmer notation system is a diagram of the
teeth as if you were looking at a patient.
 The teeth in the right quadrant have the bracket to
their right.
• e.g., 3 (permanent maxillary right canine)
 The teeth in the left quadrant have the bracket to their
left.
• e.g., 3 (permanent maxillary left canine)
16

 The number or letter assigned to each tooth
depends on its position relative to the midline.
 The lowest number is closest to the midline and the
farther the teeth are from the midline, then the higher
is the number assigned to the tooth.
17

1. Central incisors
2. Lateral incisors
3. Canines
4. First premolars
5. Second premolars
6. First molars
7. Second molars
8. Third molars
18

 Capital letters A through E are used for primary
teeth.
19

Federation Dentaire Internationale System (FDI)
 Each tooth, deciduous or permanent, is given a
two-digit number.
 No duplicate numbers or letters are used.
 The first digit indicates the quadrant whether the
tooth is permanent or deciduous.
20

21

Federation Dentaire Internationale System (Cont.)
 Each quadrant is symbolized by a specific first digit,
and all teeth in that quadrant have the same first
digit.
 The second digit depends on the position the tooth
occupies relative to the midline.
 The lowest number is given to the tooth closest to
the midline.
22

Federation Dentaire Internationale System (Cont.)
 Deciduous teeth have their own first-digit number
identifying each specific quadrant.
 The second digit denotes the position the tooth
occupies relative to the midline.
23

24

Nomenclature-- Dentition

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