The document proposes a camera-based system to detect abnormal driving behaviors such as impairment from alcohol, drowsiness, distraction, or medical conditions. It would use facial and body movement analysis to identify issues and trigger warning stages involving seat vibration, on-screen messages, and emergency contact notifications. The system aims to reduce accidents by addressing factors like alcohol, drowsiness, distraction and medical issues. It would integrate with existing driver alert technologies and could standardize across transportation industries with government support. Challenges include privacy, camera placement, and cost effectiveness.

1. NISSAN DESIGN COMPETITION
WATCHING FOR SAFETY
Thiara Ortiz, Daniel Tellez, Jesus Loera

2. The Problem
 In 2014, 31% of all traffic-related deaths involved alcohol impairment
Corresponds to 9,967 deaths in the United States
(CDC, 2016)
 2.5% of all annual fatal crashes correspond with drowsy driving
(NHTSA, n.d.)
 From results of a survey of 72 epileptic car drivers, 25% had experienced one or
more automobile accidents ascribed to a seizure while driving
(US National Library of Medicine, 1991)
 Conducted a survey and found 70% of individuals admit to dozing off while driving
(Our Research)

3. The Solution
 Utilizing a camera to detect abnormal behavior
 Innovate a creative system to manage abnormal driving behaviors
 Reducing accidents and fatalities

4. What are Abnormal Driving Behaviors?
 Driving Under the Influence
 Drowsy Driving
 Distracted
 Medically Impaired

5. Watching for Safety Breakdown
http://image.made-in-
china.com/2f0j00ASRaiqlWngcj/520
tvl-HD-Mini-IR-Camera-with-
360deg-Rotated-Stand-90deg-view-
angle-8-IR-lights-5m-Audo-control-
940nm-invisible-IR-light-.jpg
http://nissannews.com/en-
US/nissan/usa/releases/video-report-nissan-driver-
attention-alert-helps-combat-drowsy-driving-with-
innovative-system
http://www.technobezz
.com/files/uploads/201
4/05/btapfr1.jpg
http://www.joyfulsavings.
com/uploads/2/2/6/8/226
87100/7799073.png?368

6. Watching for Safety Experience
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
• Chime 3x
• Light seat vibration
• Display Rest
Notification
• Increase Vibration
Intensity of the seat
• Ask driver if they would
like to connect with
Emergency Contact
(verbal or push
response)
• Display on meter cluster
• Notify Emergency
Contact via Text
Message
• Tell Driver to pull over
and park vehicle
(audible and displayed)
Click Here for Complete Flow Chart
Camera Detect Abnormal Behavior
Addresses the needs of individuals with
hearing and speaking impairments

7. The Solution Cont.
Predicted Capabilities
 Function with high accuracy in different lighting levels
 Utilize key facial and bodily movements to determine
abnormal driving behaviors
 Integrate with pre-existing Driving Attention Alert (DAA)
System for audible warnings
 Continuous flags triggers additional Stage events
Constraints
 Privacy
 Limited Locations to Place Camera
 Field of View
https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/178777-facebooks-facial-recognition-software-is-now-as-
accurate-as-the-human-brain-but-what-now

8. The Solution Cont.
RF Camera Location
40 Degrees Horizontally
Field of View
95% of all drivers
20 Degrees Vertically

9. Feasibility
Current State of Art Equipment
 Market Products: FOVIO $700 -$1,200 per unit
Features Available:
Drowsy and Distracted Detection
Infrared for lowlight facial recognition
Lacking Features:
No Detections for Drunk Driving and Impairments
No Direct Connection to Bluetooth or DAA
 Alternative Market Products:
Valeo, Sony, Panasonic (~$200 for IR camera, majority of the cost would be D&D)
 Does not impact the performance of the vehicle
 Cost Effectiveness is unable to determined without a Request for Quote (RFQ)

10. Innovation that Excites
(Revenue)
 Acquiring new customers
 First automobile provider with this all encompassing
feature
 Cost is compensated through packaging with Nissan Safety
Shield Technology bundle
 Standardizing throughout the public transportation
industry also compensates cost
HUGE DEMAND

11. Innovation that Excites
(Differentiation)
 Usability by a variety of individuals (sound, vibration)
~ 7.6 million people experienced difficulty hearing
(US Census Bureau, 2015)
 Caters to individuals with pre-existing health conditions
who have continuously been overlooked
 Working closely with research centers to incorporate
individuals with facial abnormalities

12. Sustainability
 Protection against unforeseen medical emergency
 Barrier against texting and driving
 Combats distractions while driving
 Improves Self Awareness
 Integration over new product development
Nissan Safety Shield Technologies
 No new materials have to be developed to
implement system (Software Based Development)

13. Next Steps
Milestones Est. Time Allotted Action Items Notes
Source (RFQ) 4 - 6 Months Quote Suppliers,
Select best choice
Determine Efficiency
Multiple Suppliers
Large Range of $
Design Reviews 2 Months Proposed Design and
Estimated Cost
Prototype 4 – 6 Months Finalize Software and
Physical Integration
Test and Trials 6 – 12 Months Develop Test and Test
Designs
Manufacturing Ramp
Up
2 – 4 Months
Total Time: 1.5 years-
2.5 years
Launch
Universally Applied 1yr – beyond Reduce Costs
** Assuming the Installation will originally occur on Midsized Sedans *estimates provided by
Katie Andersen

14. Questions?

15. Citations
1. Epilepsy and driving: A survey of automobile accidents attributed to seizure.
[Abstract]. (1991, June). US National Library of Medicine. Retrieved November 4,
2016, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1762211
2. United States, United States Census Bureau. (2015, July/August). Nearly 1 in 5 People
Have a Disability in the U.S., Census Bureau Reports. Retrieved November 5, 2016,
from https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/miscellaneous/cb12-
134.html
3. United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, April 14). Impaired
Driving: Get the Facts. Retrieved November 2, 2016, from
http://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/impaired_driving/impaired-
drv_factsheet.html
4. United States, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (n.d.). Research on
Drowsy Driving. Retrieved November 2, 2016, from
http://www.nhtsa.gov/Driving-Safety/Drowsy-Driving/scope–of–the–problem

16. Appendix
1. Survey Findings
2. Determining Location of Camera
3. Full Flow Chart Diagram
4. Number of Cell Phones
5. Creating an Industry Standard
6. Sunglasses
7. Bluetooth Reliability

17. Survey Findings

18. Survey Findings Cont.

19. Determining Location of Camera
 Solution 1
Allows for easy view of the driver; however, this would require the camera to adjust if the rear view mirror is
adjusted.
 Solution 2
Immediate front view of the driver; however, it would lead to difficulties as a result of turning the wheel,
adjusting the seat, or incorporating a different driving style
 Solution 3
Contacted FOVIO who produces similar devices. Their technician showed us how the system was currently
installed in the car. Although similar, we chose to put it in the pillar for optimal view of all driver types (located
on next slide).

20. Determining Location of Camera

21. Flow Chart
• Conditions
• Action
• Termination
Camera Monitors
Driver & Detects
Abnormal Behavior
Stage 1 Alert
Activated
• Chime 3x
• Light seat
vibration
• Display Rest
Notification
Deactivate
Stage 1 Alert
Stage 2 Alert
Activated
• Increase
Vibration
Intensity of the
seat
• Ask driver if
they would like
to connect with
Emergency
Contact
• Display on
Flags
Stop
Flags
Continue
& DAA
Deactivate
Stage 1 Alert
Stage 2 Alert
Activated
• Increase
Vibration
Intensity of the
seat
• Ask driver if
they would like
to connect with
Emergency
Contact
• Display on
• Contact
Individual &
Provide
Location via
Message
• Continue to
Monitor
Continue to
Monitor
(short Period)
Flags Stop
Flags Continue
Stage 3 Alert
Activated
• Notify
Emergency
Contact via Text
Message
• Tell Driver to pull
over and park
vehicle (audible
and displayed)
Deactive when
vehicle is
Parked
Deactivate
Alerts
No
Response
& Flags
Responds
NO
Responds
YES

22. Flow Chart Cont.
Camera Monitors
Driver & Detects
Abnormal Behavior
Stage 1 Alert
Activated
• Chime 3x
• Light seat
vibration
• Display Rest
Notification
Deactivate
Stage 1 Alert
Stage 2 Alert
Activated
• Increase
Vibration
Intensity of the
seat
• Ask driver if
they would like
to connect with
Emergency
Contact
• Display on
• Contact
Individual &
Provide
Location via
Message
• Continue to
Monitor
Continue to
Monitor
(short Period)
Flags Stop
Flags Continue
Stage 3 Alert
Activated
• Notify
Emergency
Contact via Text
Message
• Tell Driver to pull
over and park
vehicle (audible
and displayed)
Deactive when
vehicle is
Parked
Deactivate
Alerts
Flags
Stop
Flags
Continue
& DAA
No
Response
& Flags
Responds
NO
Responds
YES

23. Number of Cell Phones

24. Creating an Industry Standard
 Integrating our system with government, education, and public transportation
vehicles
http://www.nhtsa.gov/About-NHTSA/Press-Releases/2014/NHTSA-Announces-Final-Rule-Requiring-Rear-Visibility-
Technology

25. Sunglasses
http://www.eyelighting.com/_CE/pagecontent/Images/Lamp%20Technology%20Education/quality%20of%20a%20light%20source.jpg
Be able to determine whether the driver is bobbing their head
Reduced Accuracy can be improved in the detailed design phase

26. Bluetooth Reliability
Adaptive Frequency

27. Safety Shield Technology
 Predictive Forward Collision Warning (PFCW)
 Forward Emergency Breaking (FEB)
 Blind Spot Warning (BSW)
 Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA)
 RearView Monitor (RM)
 Around View Monitor (AVM)
 Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC)
 Driver Attention Alert (DAA)
 Moving Object Detection (MOD)
 Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
 Parking Sonars