Nietzsche presentation
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Classical sociology viewed social order as achieved through shared moral values and social structures. Nietzsche disagreed with this view and saw sociological relations as structured by competing wills and shifting power dynamics rather than shared values. Nietzsche's anti-sociology rejected the classical sociological project of analyzing social structures and institutions, instead focusing on the exceptional individual. He saw modern sociology as measuring only the "dead residues" of society rather than addressing deeper questions of individual fate and morality.
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3) Thinkers like Foucault and Mannheim examine how knowledge and power are intertwined, with ideologies serving to maintain the power of ruling classes by appearing neutral and objective while still being socially constructed.
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2. The book interprets Nietzsche's philosophy through the lens of an "existentialism of self-dissolution" rather than focusing on cosmological aspects.
3. Klossowski's reading privileges Nietzsche's experience of the eternal return in Sils Maria in 1881 as providing access to intensities of experience beyond knowledge and communication. However
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THE QUESTION OF CULTURAL IDENTITY
Stuart Hall
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION: IDENTITY IN QUESTION 274
1 .I Three concepts of identity 275
1.2 The character of change in late-modernity 277
1.3 What is at stake in the question of identities? 279
2 THE B1RTl-l AND DEATH OF THE MODERN SUBJECT 281
2.1 De-centring the subject 285
3 NATIONAL CULTURES AS 'IMAGINED COMMUNITIES' 291
3.1 Narrating the nation: an imagined community 292
3.2 Deconstructing the 'national culture': identity and difference 296
4 GLOBALIZATION 299
4.1 Tirne-space compression and identity 300
4.2 Towards the global post-modern? 302
5 THE GLOBAL, THE LOCAL AND THE RETURN OF ETHNICITY 304
5.1 'The Rest' in 'the West' 306
5.2 The dialectic of identities . 307
6 FUNDAMENTALISM, QIASPORA AND HYBRlDlTY 31 0
REFERENCES 314
L'
READINGS
Reading A: Global culture 31 7
Reading B: A global sense of place 320
Reading C: Diaspora cultures 322
Reading D: Between holy text and moral void 323
INTRODUCTION: IDENTITY IN
QUESTION
The question of 'identity' is being vigorousIy debated in social theory.
In essence, the argument is that the old identities which stabilized the
social world for so long are in decline, giving rise to new identities and
fragmenting the modern individual as a unified subject. T h s so-called
'crisis of identity' is seen as part of a wider process of change which is
dislocating t h e central structures and processes of modern societies and
undermining the frameworks which gave individnals stab19 anchorage
in t h e social world.
The aim of t h i s chapter is to explore some of these questions about
cultural identity in late-modernity and to assess whether a 'crisis of
identities' exists, what it consists of, and in which directions it is
moving, The chapter addresses such questions as: What do we mean by
a 'crisis of identity? What recent developments in modern societies
have precipitated it? What form does it take? What are its potential
consequences? The fist part of this chapter (Sections 1-21 deals with
shifts in the concepts of identity and the subject. The second part
[Sections 3-61 develops this argument with respect to cultural Identities7
- those aspects of our identities which arise from our 'belonging' to
distinctive ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious and, above all, national
cultures,
Several of the chapters in this volume approach their cenbd concern
fiom a number of Werent positions, fkaming it within a debate, as if
between different protagonists. This chapter works somewhat
differently. It is written from a position basically sympathetic to the
claim that modern identities are being 'de-centred'; that is, dislocated oi
fragmented. Its aim is to explore this claim, t o see what it entails, to :
qualify it, and to discuss what may be its Iikely consequences. In the
course of the argument, this chapter m o d s e s the claim by introducing .:,
certain complexities and examining some contradictory.
Final Essay on Nietzsche final draft
The document summarizes Nietzsche's theory on the origins and evolution of morality as presented in his work "Genealogy of Morals". According to Nietzsche, the concepts of "good", "bad", and "evil" originated as terms used by ruling noble classes to describe social status rather than moral concepts. Over time, the meanings evolved. The arrival of the priestly caste introduced the concept of the soul and changed "bad" to imply maliciousness. The priestly caste also led a "slave revolt" that inverted aristocratic morality by claiming the poor and suffering were good in the eyes of God. This new morality was born from resentment of the noble classes' freedom of expression. N
CAROLE S. VANCE Social Construction Theory Problems in t.docx
CAROLE S. VANCE
"Social Construction Theory: Problems in the
History of Sexuality"
from A. van Kooten Nierkerk and T. Van Der Meer (eds),
Homosexuality, Which Homosexuality? (Amsterdam: An Dekker,
1 989): 13-34.
Social construction theory in the field of sexual-
ity proposed an extremely outrageous idea. It
suggested that one of the last remaining out-
posts of the "natural" in our thinking was fluid
and changeable, the product of human action
and history rather than the invariant result of
the body, biology or an innate sex drive.
Empirical and theoretical work on history of
sexuality has grown dramatically in the last
twenty years, for which social construction
approaches plus the invigorating questions
raised by social movements like feminism and
lesbian and gay liberation are largely responsi-
ble. Indeed, the links between social construc-
tion theory and gay activism run very deep.
Efforts to transform society inevitably raised
questions about the past and the future, as they
also called into question prevailing ideological
frameworks for examining the "facts" about
sex and gender.
This attempt to historicize sexuality has pro-
duced an innovative body of work to which
historians, anthropologists, sociologists, and
others have contributed in an unusual inter-
disciplinary conversation. Social construction
theory has become the influential, some charge
orthodox, framework in the new sex history. Its
advantages (lest you've forgotton) can be imme-
diately recognized through comparison with
contemporary mainstream literature in sexol-
ogy and biomedicine, seemingly archaic king-
doms in which the body and its imperatives still
rule.
The very real advantages of social construc-
tion theory, however, and the enthusiasm it has
generated make it all the more neccessary to
identify and explore current problems in social
construction. In doing so, this paper attempts to
differentiate between problems which are gen-
erated by common misunderstandings of social
construction theory - and thus which are more
easily resolved - and intellectual problems
embedded in the social construction framework
for which no quick and easy solution can be
found.
TRUE CONFESSIONS OF A SOCIAL
CONSTRUCTIONIST
In the sometimes heated debates that have gone
on about essentialism and social construction,
the word "essentialist", to some ears, sounds
increasingly pejorative - a dirty word, a con-
temptuous put-down, a characterization of
being hopelessly out of date. Yet we need to
start this discussion by recognizing that we have
all been brought up to think about sexuality in
essentialist ways.
Essentialism can take several forms in the
study of sexuality: a belief that human behavior
is "natural", predetermined by genetic, biolog-
ical, or physiological mechanisms and thus not
subject to change; or the notion that human
behaviors which show some similarity in form
are the same, an expression of an underl ...
CAROLE S. VANCE Social Construction Theory Problems in t
CAROLE S. VANCE
"Social Construction Theory: Problems in the
History of Sexuality"
from A. van Kooten Nierkerk and T. Van Der Meer (eds),
Homosexuality, Which Homosexuality? (Amsterdam: An Dekker,
1 989): 13-34.
Social construction theory in the field of sexual-
ity proposed an extremely outrageous idea. It
suggested that one of the last remaining out-
posts of the "natural" in our thinking was fluid
and changeable, the product of human action
and history rather than the invariant result of
the body, biology or an innate sex drive.
Empirical and theoretical work on history of
sexuality has grown dramatically in the last
twenty years, for which social construction
approaches plus the invigorating questions
raised by social movements like feminism and
lesbian and gay liberation are largely responsi-
ble. Indeed, the links between social construc-
tion theory and gay activism run very deep.
Efforts to transform society inevitably raised
questions about the past and the future, as they
also called into question prevailing ideological
frameworks for examining the "facts" about
sex and gender.
This attempt to historicize sexuality has pro-
duced an innovative body of work to which
historians, anthropologists, sociologists, and
others have contributed in an unusual inter-
disciplinary conversation. Social construction
theory has become the influential, some charge
orthodox, framework in the new sex history. Its
advantages (lest you've forgotton) can be imme-
diately recognized through comparison with
contemporary mainstream literature in sexol-
ogy and biomedicine, seemingly archaic king-
doms in which the body and its imperatives still
rule.
The very real advantages of social construc-
tion theory, however, and the enthusiasm it has
generated make it all the more neccessary to
identify and explore current problems in social
construction. In doing so, this paper attempts to
differentiate between problems which are gen-
erated by common misunderstandings of social
construction theory - and thus which are more
easily resolved - and intellectual problems
embedded in the social construction framework
for which no quick and easy solution can be
found.
TRUE CONFESSIONS OF A SOCIAL
CONSTRUCTIONIST
In the sometimes heated debates that have gone
on about essentialism and social construction,
the word "essentialist", to some ears, sounds
increasingly pejorative - a dirty word, a con-
temptuous put-down, a characterization of
being hopelessly out of date. Yet we need to
start this discussion by recognizing that we have
all been brought up to think about sexuality in
essentialist ways.
Essentialism can take several forms in the
study of sexuality: a belief that human behavior
is "natural", predetermined by genetic, biolog-
ical, or physiological mechanisms and thus not
subject to change; or the notion that human
behaviors which show some similarity in form
are the same, an expression of an underl ...
Henri Lefebvre. Critique of everyday life. Alev Sonmez
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Early anthropologist
This document provides an overview of key theoretical perspectives in cultural anthropology, including: Marxism, which views societies through economic relations; Durkheim's view of society as a thing in itself with interdependent parts; Weber's multivariate approach; early theories of cultural evolution, diffusion, historical particularism, functionalism, and structural-functionalism; positivist theories of materialism and structuralism; symbolic and postmodern anthropologies; and different Christian perspectives on engaging with anthropological theory.
Sweat and Brains - Formatting Corrected 5.8
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Uti index-papers-e-poststructuralism01
The document provides an overview of poststructuralism and analyzes some of its key thinkers and concepts. It discusses:
1) Poststructuralism emerged in the 1960s as an evolution of structuralism, claiming that language and discourse shape human understanding rather than reflecting external realities.
2) Major poststructuralist thinkers like Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida are analyzed, showing how their ideas drew from Marxism, Darwinism, and psychoanalysis in denying absolutes and universal truths.
3) Foucault is discussed in depth, highlighting his views that discourse constructs reality, sexuality is socially constructed, and power is exercised through knowledge and institutions like Christianity.
4
Uti index-papers-e-poststructuralism01
1) The document discusses poststructuralism and its similarities to Marxism, Darwinism, and psychoanalysis. It analyzes the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault.
2) Foucault believed that discourse determines reality rather than language reflecting an underlying truth. He saw knowledge and power as intertwined and sought to challenge prevailing power structures.
3) Foucault analyzed sexuality as a social construct rather than natural fact. He criticized Christianity's view of sexuality and original sin. He also rationalized homosexuality and sought to establish new relationships based on friendship.
4) The document examines how Foucault was strongly influenced by Marxism in seeing discourse and power structures as
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This document provides a summary and analysis of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. It argues that while Victor Frankenstein is typically seen as promoting an immoral and exclusionary form of science, the novel also imagines the Creature engaging in scientific pursuits in a social and ethical manner. Through observations of the De Lacey family, the Creature adopts an empirical methodology to understand human emotions and social problems like poverty. However, the Creature is ultimately excluded from participating in science due to human prejudice. The essay aims to explore the scientific aspects of the Creature's experience and how Shelley envisioned more inclusive forms of scientific participation and community.
Innovation as history making. ontological design and the disclosure of the new
The document discusses innovation and related concepts from several perspectives. It covers innovation theory from scholars like Joseph Schumpeter, open innovation concepts from Henry Chesbrough, and discussions of knowledge and learning from thinkers like Donald Schon and Chris Argyris. Additionally, it references the work of philosophers like Michel Foucault and theorists of complex systems like Haridimos Tsoukas. The document aims to provide a comprehensive overview of discourses related to innovation from various fields.
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CAROLE S. VANCE Social Construction Theory Problems in t.docx
CAROLE S. VANCE Social Construction Theory Problems in t.docx
CAROLE S. VANCE Social Construction Theory Problems in t
CAROLE S. VANCE Social Construction Theory Problems in t
Henri Lefebvre. Critique of everyday life. Alev Sonmez
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Development Unbound: Utopistic non-linearity in social projections
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Nietzsche presentation
- 1. Nietzsche Question #5 Maia Szulik 10/23/13
- 2. How would you define "classical" sociology? What, according to Nietzsche, was the project of "classical" sociology? How does he differ in orientation? In this answer define the "anti-sociology" of Nietzsche.
- 3. Classical Sociology- My interpretation “Classic” because – established ideas, timeless, can still be applied “Old” sociological ideas that are being “reinvented” to fit modern world Premise: moral order is achieved by social structure
- 4. Classical Sociology – Nietzsche’s role 437: “had no interest in social structure.” 437: “Nietzsche’s views present a serious challenge to classical sociology…sociological relations are structured not by shared values but by clashing wills that strive to exhaust themselves within dynamic, shifting force fields” 437: “there are no moral phenomena at all, but only moral interpretation…” 442: “Classical sociology tended to equate modernity with the emergence of relativity autonomous and self-interested individuals.” 442: “By contrast, Nietzsche argued that the modern age had developed an “ethic of utility” that was destroying the “sovereign” individual.”
- 5. Antisociology 450: “Nietzsche is glaringly absent from sociological discourse.” – Robert J. Antonio 450: “Inclusion of Nietzsche among the founders would enhance the discipline’s historical sense as it rethinks its foundations and practices.” 451: “Nietzsche regarded sociology as little other than a banal attempt to measure the “dead” social residues of the modern era, and he despised “founding fathers” such as Comte and Spencer…Was chiefly concerned with the fate of the (exceptional) individual), not in studying how doomed (and from his perspective– worthless) modern democracies might be made to work.”