Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor to NAD+ that has shown promise in treating age-related decline in mice studies. NMN supplementation increases NAD+ levels, which decline with age. Research in mice and cells has found that NMN can improve mitochondrial function, DNA repair, weight control, endurance, brain health, heart health, energy levels and vision. NMN enters cells via a transporter and is converted to NAD+. Long-term NMN administration mitigates physiological signs of aging in mice and may provide anti-aging effects in humans.
The imbalance between free radical production and endogenous antioxidant defence may result in cellular oxidative stress, causing oxidative damage to various cellular components, such as DNA, proteins and membrane lipids. The human system employs the use of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence systems against the onslaught of free radicals and oxidative stress.
Unsurprisingly, oxidative damage has been implicated in and is believed to be a key factor causing various pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes and cancer. Free radicals can be quenched through a number of mechanisms. Antioxidants directly scavenge free radicals (e.g., via hydrogen atom transfer or electron transfer), prevent free radical formation by chelating metal ions and by interrupting the radical chain reactions of lipid peroxidation, thus retarding its progression. Enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Non-enzymatic antioxidants include vitamins A, C, and E, glutathione, alpha-lipoic acid, carotenoids, and coenzyme Q10. Other antioxidants include polyphenols, minerals (copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium), and cofactors (B-vitamins). Together, antioxidants work synergistically with each other using different mechanisms against different free radicals and stages of oxidative stress.
The benefits associated with antioxidants are numerous and diverse but it can be a minefield when choosing the appropriate antioxidant support for clients. In this hour-long webinar, Dr Nina Bailey discusses the direct and indirect benefits and actions of key antioxidants including (but not limited to) astaxanthin, alpha lipoic acid, polyphenols and co-enzyme Q10, with a focus on:
-Antioxidant sources and benefits
-Mechanisms and actions
-When to combine antioxidants for synergistic effects
-Overcoming bioavailability issues
-Targeted intervention, which antioxidant(s) and why
Antioxidants are molecules capable of reducing the causes or effects of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be caused by environmental factors, disease, infection, inflammation, aging (ROS production). The body produces some endogenous antioxidants, but dietary antioxidants may provide additional line of defense. Flavonoids & other polyphenolics, Vitamins C & E, and Carotenoids are the most common dietary antioxidants. Many herbs and botanicals also contain antioxidants.
Any molecule containing one or more unpaired electrons. These unpaired electrons readily form free radical molecules which are chemically reactive and highly unstable.
Part I-VI:Autocoids: Histamine, Antihistamine, 5-HT & 5-HT AntagonistShaikh Abusufyan
This slide deck give detail presentation on Pharmacology of Histamine, Anti-histamine, 5-HT & Anti-5HT.
For all IX video lecture of this topic click:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BYfo1EfxdCJtJDf8EjT0ffl
- For More Such Learning You Can Subscribe to My YouTube Channel.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5o-WkzmDJaF7udyAP2jtgw/featured?sub_confirmation=1
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/asacademylearningforever
Website Blog: https://itasacademy.blogspot.com/
The imbalance between free radical production and endogenous antioxidant defence may result in cellular oxidative stress, causing oxidative damage to various cellular components, such as DNA, proteins and membrane lipids. The human system employs the use of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence systems against the onslaught of free radicals and oxidative stress.
Unsurprisingly, oxidative damage has been implicated in and is believed to be a key factor causing various pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes and cancer. Free radicals can be quenched through a number of mechanisms. Antioxidants directly scavenge free radicals (e.g., via hydrogen atom transfer or electron transfer), prevent free radical formation by chelating metal ions and by interrupting the radical chain reactions of lipid peroxidation, thus retarding its progression. Enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Non-enzymatic antioxidants include vitamins A, C, and E, glutathione, alpha-lipoic acid, carotenoids, and coenzyme Q10. Other antioxidants include polyphenols, minerals (copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium), and cofactors (B-vitamins). Together, antioxidants work synergistically with each other using different mechanisms against different free radicals and stages of oxidative stress.
The benefits associated with antioxidants are numerous and diverse but it can be a minefield when choosing the appropriate antioxidant support for clients. In this hour-long webinar, Dr Nina Bailey discusses the direct and indirect benefits and actions of key antioxidants including (but not limited to) astaxanthin, alpha lipoic acid, polyphenols and co-enzyme Q10, with a focus on:
-Antioxidant sources and benefits
-Mechanisms and actions
-When to combine antioxidants for synergistic effects
-Overcoming bioavailability issues
-Targeted intervention, which antioxidant(s) and why
Antioxidants are molecules capable of reducing the causes or effects of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be caused by environmental factors, disease, infection, inflammation, aging (ROS production). The body produces some endogenous antioxidants, but dietary antioxidants may provide additional line of defense. Flavonoids & other polyphenolics, Vitamins C & E, and Carotenoids are the most common dietary antioxidants. Many herbs and botanicals also contain antioxidants.
Any molecule containing one or more unpaired electrons. These unpaired electrons readily form free radical molecules which are chemically reactive and highly unstable.
Part I-VI:Autocoids: Histamine, Antihistamine, 5-HT & 5-HT AntagonistShaikh Abusufyan
This slide deck give detail presentation on Pharmacology of Histamine, Anti-histamine, 5-HT & Anti-5HT.
For all IX video lecture of this topic click:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BYfo1EfxdCJtJDf8EjT0ffl
- For More Such Learning You Can Subscribe to My YouTube Channel.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5o-WkzmDJaF7udyAP2jtgw/featured?sub_confirmation=1
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/asacademylearningforever
Website Blog: https://itasacademy.blogspot.com/
Skin is the largest organ of the body. It assumes t a few critical physiological capacities and speaks to likewise a "social interface" between an individual and different individuals from society. This is the principle reason its age-subordinate alterations are in the front line of dermatological research and of the "anti-aging" cosmetic industry. Here we focus on a few perspectives just of skin aging, similarly as the phone and extracellular lattice segments of skin are concerned. Most very much considered instruments of skin maturing can be arranged at the post hereditary level, both epigenetic and post-translational components being included(1).
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are little molecules got from oxygen particles including free oxygen radicals, for example, superoxide (O2⋅_), hydroxyl (⋅OH), epoxy (RO2⋅), and alkoxyl (RO_) and additionally hypochlorous corrosive (HOCl), ozone (O3), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are non-radicals. These non-radicals are either oxidizing operators or effectively changed over into radicals. Nitrogen-containing oxidants, for example, nitric oxide (NO.) peroxynitrite (ONOO.), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are called receptive nitrogen species (RNS) (2).
Receptive species or free radicals incorporate responsive oxygen and nitrogen species all in all and are called receptive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS). They are discharged from macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells because of a provocative boost. RONS are profoundly receptive because of the nearness of unpaired valence shell electrons or non-static bonds, and their legitimate control is key for a proficient resistant reaction and for constraining tissue harm (3).Reactive oxygen species, synthetically responsive atoms, containing oxygen, are framed as a characteristic result of the ordinary digestion of oxygen and have huge parts in cell flagging and homeostasis.
Competitive Inhibition and various competitive inhibitors...
There role related to human body and stuffs...
Mechanisms of there action...
Various DRUGS working via these stuffs...
LINEWEAVER-BURK PLOT
Applications Of Competitive Inhibition
Sulphonamides
Methotrexate
Dicoumarol
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Statin
Allopurinol
Captopril
THERE'S SOME ANIMATIONS TOO... IN BETWEEN FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING... BUT IT AIN'T WORK FOR YA'LL... GUESS SO...
Joint Expert Glucosamine With Chondroitinbones_health
Your body uses glucosamine, a natural compound, to stimulate your cells to create one of the main building blocks of joint cartilage -- proteoglycans.
As you age, the amount of glucosamine created by your body decreases. The result? Your cartilage and bones begin to scrape against each other, your joints become damaged, and the lubricating synovial fluid in your joint spaces becomes thin and watery.
To ensure effective absorption and tissue utilization, it's highly recommended that one takes glucosamine in the sulfate form. This is the way glucosamine is found in the body.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide or nicotinamide riboside chloride which one is be...phcoker.com
Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide, is a form of vitamin B₃ found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication.
As a derivative of Nicotinamide, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Nicotinamide riboside chloride both have similar effects in many aspects, but have their own unique characteristics.
Halo1618 authentic nmn by sinclair laboratoriessinclairlabs
NMN is the short name for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. It’s a form of Vitamin B3, and occurs naturally in tiny amounts in some fruits and vegetables. It’s right there in tomatoes, avocados, cucumbers and some others. When you take NMN, it increases your body’s levels of a molecule called NAD+ which your body then uses to repair cellular damage, and increases energy levels.
Can nmn really achieve anti aging effects--phcokephcoker.com
Recent research has suggested that NMN may support cardiovascular health, energy production, cognitive health, and well as retinal and bone health. One especially interesting finding of NMN research is that it may promote DNA repair and support the activation of the SIRTUIN genes which are thought to play a role in healthy aging.
Metabolic Adaptations: The Physiology of Cold Acclimatization and Exercise in...InsideScientific
Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise: Role of NAMPT and NAD+ in Skeletal Muscle
Jonas Treebak, PhD
NAD+ is a cofactor implicated in important metabolic reactions, such as oxidative phosphorylation. One of the highest rates of mitochondrial respiration is found in contracting skeletal muscle. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is essential for skeletal muscle NAD+ synthesis. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout of Nampt (SMNKO) reduces skeletal muscle NAD+ levels by 85-90%.This leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency, poor contractility, low exercise performance, and progressive muscle degeneration. The Treebak lab generated inducible SMNKO mice (iSMNKO) and achieved a comparable depletion of NAD+. iSMNKO mice did not show altered mitochondrial respiratory capacity at rest or after exercise in isolated intact fibers. Moreover, high resolution respirometry in mitochondria isolated from iSMNKO muscle exhibited unchanged respiration and ATP synthesis, as well as normal P/O and mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, iSMNKO skeletal muscle has lower capacity for succinate-induced mitochondrial ROS production compared to the wildtype control. iSMNKO mice displayed normal VO2 at rest and during an acute bout of maximal exercise, they behaved similarly in response to prolonged voluntary wheel (VW) running, but failed to increase performance after VW training. Collectively, their data demonstrate that the role of NAD in mitochondrial function may be more nuanced than is often thought.
Cold Acclimatization – Fundamental Mechanisms and Popular Misconceptions
Alexander Bartelt, PhD
Homeotherm mammals like rodents or humans regulate their body temperature by means of thermogenesis. Below the thermoneutral zone, where basal metabolism is sufficient to maintain homeothermy, thermogenic mechanisms are activated to contribute to heat production. This adaptation to cold exposure is a phasic process with acute activation of existing stores, acquisition of extra nutrients as fuels, and finally extensive remodeling of cells, tissues, and physiology, altogether facilitating cold acclimatization. Most notably are shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis by myocytes and thermogenic adipocytes, respectively. In this seminar, Dr. Bartelt provides an overview of the phasic process of cold acclimatization, elaborates on novel, fundamental mechanisms, including his lab’s own work on the transcription factor Nfe2l1, and, finally, highlights misconceptions that are frequently found in the literature.
Neurotol, a R&D product from Venus Medicine Research
Centre in glass bottle for IV infusion in case of trauma, brain
injury, neurological surgeries and in management of ICP. One of
the major challenge associated with these indications is neurotoxic side effects resulting in sequalaes which turn out be more or equally serious complications even aft er the trauma is cured. Neurotol offers enhanced safety and efficacy over market competitor products in case of glycerol based neurotherapeutics in a clinical set up. The formulation of Neurotol contains mainly 3 ingredients viz. Mannitol, glycerol and a chemical vector RD011.
End the drug rehab revolving door today. Understand your options to help recover from any addiction issue. End band aid solutions when it comes to your health, wellness and recovery.
Skin is the largest organ of the body. It assumes t a few critical physiological capacities and speaks to likewise a "social interface" between an individual and different individuals from society. This is the principle reason its age-subordinate alterations are in the front line of dermatological research and of the "anti-aging" cosmetic industry. Here we focus on a few perspectives just of skin aging, similarly as the phone and extracellular lattice segments of skin are concerned. Most very much considered instruments of skin maturing can be arranged at the post hereditary level, both epigenetic and post-translational components being included(1).
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are little molecules got from oxygen particles including free oxygen radicals, for example, superoxide (O2⋅_), hydroxyl (⋅OH), epoxy (RO2⋅), and alkoxyl (RO_) and additionally hypochlorous corrosive (HOCl), ozone (O3), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are non-radicals. These non-radicals are either oxidizing operators or effectively changed over into radicals. Nitrogen-containing oxidants, for example, nitric oxide (NO.) peroxynitrite (ONOO.), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are called receptive nitrogen species (RNS) (2).
Receptive species or free radicals incorporate responsive oxygen and nitrogen species all in all and are called receptive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS). They are discharged from macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells because of a provocative boost. RONS are profoundly receptive because of the nearness of unpaired valence shell electrons or non-static bonds, and their legitimate control is key for a proficient resistant reaction and for constraining tissue harm (3).Reactive oxygen species, synthetically responsive atoms, containing oxygen, are framed as a characteristic result of the ordinary digestion of oxygen and have huge parts in cell flagging and homeostasis.
Competitive Inhibition and various competitive inhibitors...
There role related to human body and stuffs...
Mechanisms of there action...
Various DRUGS working via these stuffs...
LINEWEAVER-BURK PLOT
Applications Of Competitive Inhibition
Sulphonamides
Methotrexate
Dicoumarol
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Statin
Allopurinol
Captopril
THERE'S SOME ANIMATIONS TOO... IN BETWEEN FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING... BUT IT AIN'T WORK FOR YA'LL... GUESS SO...
Joint Expert Glucosamine With Chondroitinbones_health
Your body uses glucosamine, a natural compound, to stimulate your cells to create one of the main building blocks of joint cartilage -- proteoglycans.
As you age, the amount of glucosamine created by your body decreases. The result? Your cartilage and bones begin to scrape against each other, your joints become damaged, and the lubricating synovial fluid in your joint spaces becomes thin and watery.
To ensure effective absorption and tissue utilization, it's highly recommended that one takes glucosamine in the sulfate form. This is the way glucosamine is found in the body.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide or nicotinamide riboside chloride which one is be...phcoker.com
Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide, is a form of vitamin B₃ found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication.
As a derivative of Nicotinamide, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Nicotinamide riboside chloride both have similar effects in many aspects, but have their own unique characteristics.
Halo1618 authentic nmn by sinclair laboratoriessinclairlabs
NMN is the short name for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. It’s a form of Vitamin B3, and occurs naturally in tiny amounts in some fruits and vegetables. It’s right there in tomatoes, avocados, cucumbers and some others. When you take NMN, it increases your body’s levels of a molecule called NAD+ which your body then uses to repair cellular damage, and increases energy levels.
Can nmn really achieve anti aging effects--phcokephcoker.com
Recent research has suggested that NMN may support cardiovascular health, energy production, cognitive health, and well as retinal and bone health. One especially interesting finding of NMN research is that it may promote DNA repair and support the activation of the SIRTUIN genes which are thought to play a role in healthy aging.
Metabolic Adaptations: The Physiology of Cold Acclimatization and Exercise in...InsideScientific
Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise: Role of NAMPT and NAD+ in Skeletal Muscle
Jonas Treebak, PhD
NAD+ is a cofactor implicated in important metabolic reactions, such as oxidative phosphorylation. One of the highest rates of mitochondrial respiration is found in contracting skeletal muscle. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is essential for skeletal muscle NAD+ synthesis. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout of Nampt (SMNKO) reduces skeletal muscle NAD+ levels by 85-90%.This leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency, poor contractility, low exercise performance, and progressive muscle degeneration. The Treebak lab generated inducible SMNKO mice (iSMNKO) and achieved a comparable depletion of NAD+. iSMNKO mice did not show altered mitochondrial respiratory capacity at rest or after exercise in isolated intact fibers. Moreover, high resolution respirometry in mitochondria isolated from iSMNKO muscle exhibited unchanged respiration and ATP synthesis, as well as normal P/O and mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, iSMNKO skeletal muscle has lower capacity for succinate-induced mitochondrial ROS production compared to the wildtype control. iSMNKO mice displayed normal VO2 at rest and during an acute bout of maximal exercise, they behaved similarly in response to prolonged voluntary wheel (VW) running, but failed to increase performance after VW training. Collectively, their data demonstrate that the role of NAD in mitochondrial function may be more nuanced than is often thought.
Cold Acclimatization – Fundamental Mechanisms and Popular Misconceptions
Alexander Bartelt, PhD
Homeotherm mammals like rodents or humans regulate their body temperature by means of thermogenesis. Below the thermoneutral zone, where basal metabolism is sufficient to maintain homeothermy, thermogenic mechanisms are activated to contribute to heat production. This adaptation to cold exposure is a phasic process with acute activation of existing stores, acquisition of extra nutrients as fuels, and finally extensive remodeling of cells, tissues, and physiology, altogether facilitating cold acclimatization. Most notably are shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis by myocytes and thermogenic adipocytes, respectively. In this seminar, Dr. Bartelt provides an overview of the phasic process of cold acclimatization, elaborates on novel, fundamental mechanisms, including his lab’s own work on the transcription factor Nfe2l1, and, finally, highlights misconceptions that are frequently found in the literature.
Neurotol, a R&D product from Venus Medicine Research
Centre in glass bottle for IV infusion in case of trauma, brain
injury, neurological surgeries and in management of ICP. One of
the major challenge associated with these indications is neurotoxic side effects resulting in sequalaes which turn out be more or equally serious complications even aft er the trauma is cured. Neurotol offers enhanced safety and efficacy over market competitor products in case of glycerol based neurotherapeutics in a clinical set up. The formulation of Neurotol contains mainly 3 ingredients viz. Mannitol, glycerol and a chemical vector RD011.
End the drug rehab revolving door today. Understand your options to help recover from any addiction issue. End band aid solutions when it comes to your health, wellness and recovery.
Brain care with dementia focus June 4, 2023.pptxNeurocare Pro
Our braincare overview of red light therapy and how it's being used to help i treatments of brain issues. for more visit https://neurocarepro.com/brain-care-learning/
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit