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NGINX for Application 
Delivery & Acceleration 
Introduced by Andrew Alexeev 
Presented by Owen Garrett 
Nginx, Inc.
About this webinar 
NGINX is an HTTP request and load balancing server that powers many of the 
world's busiest websites. Learn why NGINX is such a popular choice, and see how it 
improves the capacity of web applications through HTTP intelligence and caching.
Why is page speed important? 
• We used to talk about the ‘N second rule’: 
– 10-second rule (Jakob Nielsen, March 1997) 
– 8-second rule (Zona Research, June 2001) 
– 4-second rule (Jupiter Research, June 2006) 
– 3-second rule (PhocusWright, March 2010)
… then Google changed the game 
“We want you to be able to get 
from one page to another as 
quickly as you turn the page on 
a book” 
Urs Hölzle, Google
The costs of poor performance 
• Google: search enhancements cost 0.5s page load 
– Ad CTR dropped 20% 
• Amazon: Artificially increased page load by 100ms 
– Customer revenue dropped 1% 
• Walmart, Yahoo, Shopzilla, Edmunds, Mozilla… 
– All reported similar effects on revenue 
• Google Pagerank – Page Speed affects Page Rank 
– Time to First Byte is what appears to count
What can you do?
INTRODUCING NGINX…
What is NGINX? 
Internet 
Proxy 
Caching, Load Balancing… HTTP traffic 
N 
Web Server 
Serve content from disk 
Application Server 
FastCGI, uWSGI, Passenger… 
Application Acceleration 
SSL and SPDY termination 
Performance Monitoring 
High Availability 
Advanced Features: Bandwidth Management 
Content-based Routing 
Request Manipulation 
Response Rewriting 
Authentication 
Video Delivery 
Mail Proxy 
GeoLocation
NGINX Accelerates 
143,000,000 
Websites
22% 
Top 1 million websites 37% 
Top 1,000 websites
Three steps to a faster website 
Offload HTTP “Heavy Lifting” 
Cache common responses 
Compress data to reduce bandwidth
What is the challenge with HTTP? 
Hundreds of concurrent 
connections… 
require hundreds of heavyweight 
threads or processes… 
competing for limited 
CPU and memory 
Client-side: 
Slow network 
Multiple connections 
HTTP Keepalives 
Server-side: 
Limited concurrency
Let’s try an example… 
• Client opens 8 connections, 4 requests in each (32 req) 
• Average request processing time is <10ms (single core) 
• Average client write is 80ms, average read 160ms 
250ms 
r w 
250ms 
r w 
250ms 
r w 
250ms 60 seconds or more… 
r w 
Idle keepalive x 8 
• One client can occupy 8 concurrency slots for 60+ seconds
NGINX architecture 
Hundreds of concurrent 
connections… 
handed by a small number of 
multiplexing processes,… 
typically one process 
per core
NGINX transforms application performance 
• NGINX has almost-unlimited concurrency 
– Transforms worst-case traffic to best-case 
– Maximizes application utilization 
Internet 
N Slow, high-concurrency 
internet-side traffic 
Fast, efficient 
local-side traffic
2. Cache common responses 
GET /logo.png 
GET /logo.png 
N 
Hybrid on-disk and 
in-memory cache
What about dynamic content? 
• Some content appears to be uncacheable 
– Use client-side or server-side page assembly 
– Use cache keys 
– Use cache purging 
– Use fast cache times
3. Compress data to reduce bandwidth 
• Reduce bandwidth requirements per client 
– Content Compression reduces text and HTML 
• Typically about 70% reduction 
– Image resampling reduces JPEG size
Three steps to a faster website 
Offload HTTP “Heavy Lifting” 
Cache common responses 
Compress data to reduce bandwidth
Closing thoughts 
• 37% of the busiest websites use NGINX 
– In most situations, it’s a drop-in extension 
• Check out the blogs on nginx.com 
• Future webinars: nginx.com/webinars 
Try NGINX F/OSS (nginx.org) or NGINX Plus (nginx.com)

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NGINX for Application Delivery & Acceleration

  • 1. NGINX for Application Delivery & Acceleration Introduced by Andrew Alexeev Presented by Owen Garrett Nginx, Inc.
  • 2. About this webinar NGINX is an HTTP request and load balancing server that powers many of the world's busiest websites. Learn why NGINX is such a popular choice, and see how it improves the capacity of web applications through HTTP intelligence and caching.
  • 3. Why is page speed important? • We used to talk about the ‘N second rule’: – 10-second rule (Jakob Nielsen, March 1997) – 8-second rule (Zona Research, June 2001) – 4-second rule (Jupiter Research, June 2006) – 3-second rule (PhocusWright, March 2010)
  • 4. … then Google changed the game “We want you to be able to get from one page to another as quickly as you turn the page on a book” Urs Hölzle, Google
  • 5. The costs of poor performance • Google: search enhancements cost 0.5s page load – Ad CTR dropped 20% • Amazon: Artificially increased page load by 100ms – Customer revenue dropped 1% • Walmart, Yahoo, Shopzilla, Edmunds, Mozilla… – All reported similar effects on revenue • Google Pagerank – Page Speed affects Page Rank – Time to First Byte is what appears to count
  • 8. What is NGINX? Internet Proxy Caching, Load Balancing… HTTP traffic N Web Server Serve content from disk Application Server FastCGI, uWSGI, Passenger… Application Acceleration SSL and SPDY termination Performance Monitoring High Availability Advanced Features: Bandwidth Management Content-based Routing Request Manipulation Response Rewriting Authentication Video Delivery Mail Proxy GeoLocation
  • 10. 22% Top 1 million websites 37% Top 1,000 websites
  • 11. Three steps to a faster website Offload HTTP “Heavy Lifting” Cache common responses Compress data to reduce bandwidth
  • 12. What is the challenge with HTTP? Hundreds of concurrent connections… require hundreds of heavyweight threads or processes… competing for limited CPU and memory Client-side: Slow network Multiple connections HTTP Keepalives Server-side: Limited concurrency
  • 13. Let’s try an example… • Client opens 8 connections, 4 requests in each (32 req) • Average request processing time is <10ms (single core) • Average client write is 80ms, average read 160ms 250ms r w 250ms r w 250ms r w 250ms 60 seconds or more… r w Idle keepalive x 8 • One client can occupy 8 concurrency slots for 60+ seconds
  • 14. NGINX architecture Hundreds of concurrent connections… handed by a small number of multiplexing processes,… typically one process per core
  • 15. NGINX transforms application performance • NGINX has almost-unlimited concurrency – Transforms worst-case traffic to best-case – Maximizes application utilization Internet N Slow, high-concurrency internet-side traffic Fast, efficient local-side traffic
  • 16. 2. Cache common responses GET /logo.png GET /logo.png N Hybrid on-disk and in-memory cache
  • 17. What about dynamic content? • Some content appears to be uncacheable – Use client-side or server-side page assembly – Use cache keys – Use cache purging – Use fast cache times
  • 18. 3. Compress data to reduce bandwidth • Reduce bandwidth requirements per client – Content Compression reduces text and HTML • Typically about 70% reduction – Image resampling reduces JPEG size
  • 19. Three steps to a faster website Offload HTTP “Heavy Lifting” Cache common responses Compress data to reduce bandwidth
  • 20. Closing thoughts • 37% of the busiest websites use NGINX – In most situations, it’s a drop-in extension • Check out the blogs on nginx.com • Future webinars: nginx.com/webinars Try NGINX F/OSS (nginx.org) or NGINX Plus (nginx.com)

Editor's Notes

  1. Story starts with a single guy, Igor Sysoev What was originally a tool for managing concurrency hos evolved into a Web Application Accelerator Not because of vision but user driven innovation
  2. http://www.strangeloopnetworks.com/assets/images/infographic2.jpg http://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/articles/the-google-gospel-of-speed-urs-hoelzle.html http://moz.com/blog/how-website-speed-actually-impacts-search-ranking What does performance really mean to you? Revenue Ad CTR Employee and partner satisfaction What devices do your users use? What network conditions are they under?
  3. Many options: CDN, page structure, google pagespeed/yahoo yslow What does performance Fundamental problem – if your application infrastructure is slow or overloaded, you’re stuck!
  4. Top 37% These tend to be successful websites, generating revenue and featuring well in google search results
  5. http://gabenell.blogspot.co.uk/2010/11/connection-keep-alive-timeouts-for.html
  6. siege -c 320 -t 30s -d 10 -H "Connection: Keep-Alive" http://apache-int:80/10k.html <- max out concurrency slots in apache ab -t 10 http://apache-int:80/10k.html <- try to get a few resources siege -c 300 -t 60s -d 10 -H "Connection: Keep-Alive" http://apache-int:8080/10k.html ab -t 10 http://apache-int:8080/10k.html tc qdisc add dev eth1 root netem delay 2ms
  7. Top 37% These tend to be successful websites, generating revenue and featuring well in google search results