K2-1 Bidrar dagens arbetsliv till en ökning eller minskning av de socioekonomiska skillnaderna i hälsan / Does current working life increase or decrease socioeconomic inequalities in health
Prof. Mika Kivimäki
University College London, Helsingfors universitet, Arbetshälsoinstitutet
University College London; University of Helsinki; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
Locus of control and job status as mediators of employees’ perception of down...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that assessed how employees' perceptions of downsizing relate to their organizational commitment, and whether locus of control and job status mediate this relationship. The study surveyed 604 employees from Nigerian government establishments. It found a significant positive relationship between perception of downsizing and commitment. Locus of control also significantly influenced perception of downsizing, but job status did not. Locus of control significantly mediated the relationship between perception of downsizing and commitment, but job status did not mediate this relationship. The study concluded that employees' perception of downsizing relates to their commitment, and locus of control mediates this relationship.
Measuring the Impact of Injury to Enhance Recovery, Pam Garton, Managing Dire...ArthritisNT
The document discusses measuring the impact of injury to enhance recovery. It introduces the biopsychosocial model for understanding patient illness and recovery. It then describes Abilita's biopsychosocial assessment tool called the Abilita Rehabilitation Index (ARI) which measures factors like pain, function, emotions, coping, confidence, and work perceptions through a self-report questionnaire. Case studies are presented showing how the ARI helped patients understand their condition and progress in recovery through individualized domain reports and coaching. Work outcome data also shows reductions in ARI scores correlate with increased return to work hours.
This document is a chapter from a textbook about stress and well-being. It discusses various models of workplace stress, including the demand-control model and effort-reward imbalance model. It also outlines the individual and organizational consequences of stress, such as increased health issues, absenteeism, and decreased productivity. The chapter proposes strategies for managing stress at both the individual and organizational level, including improving job design, increasing employee involvement, and implementing wellness programs.
This document summarizes several theories of motivation:
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which contends that humans seek to meet basic needs and progress to higher needs.
- Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory which identifies hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction and motivators that provide true motivation.
- Alderfer's ERG Theory which presents a needs hierarchy of existence, relatedness, and growth needs.
- McClelland's Theory of Needs which identifies three motivators - achievement, affiliation, and power - that are learned and influence behavior.
- Expectancy Theory which proposes motivation is influenced by expectancy, instrumentality, and valence (perceptions of effort-performance and performance-reward relationships
The contribution of occupational health to primary health care (prof Carel Hu...Health and Labour
Presnetation by prof dr Carel Hulshof of the Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, AMC Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine(NVAB) at the WHO/TNO/Dutchgovernment Congres 'Connecting Health and Labour' 29 - 1 December 2012
This document summarizes a study exploring how currently experiencing a health state may affect how that health state is valued. The study compares ratings from an "experience-based" group who are currently in a given health state to a "non-experience-based" group who are not currently in that state. Preliminary results show some health states are rated slightly higher when experienced, though differences are small and not seen for all states. Larger datasets will be needed to further analyze how experience may influence health state valuations.
1) Integrating biological and social data can help answer questions about how socioeconomic factors influence health through various pathways and help identify those most in need by using biomarkers to provide earlier and more precise measures of health.
2) Biomarkers measured in blood and other samples can provide objective measures of established disease risks, stress responses, and health over the lifecourse that complement self-reported measures and help understand illness behavior.
3) Combining biomarker and survey data on work status and health in Understanding Society showed that returning to work did not necessarily improve health as measured by allostatic load, suggesting not all work is good for health and personality may influence self-reported associations between work and health.
Workshop on well being over the life course agenda layardStatsCommunications
Workshop on Well-Being over the Life Course
Organised by the OECD, the Centre for Economic Performance of the London School of Economics and CEPREMAP Well-Being Observatory
OECD Conference Centre, Paris,
Locus of control and job status as mediators of employees’ perception of down...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that assessed how employees' perceptions of downsizing relate to their organizational commitment, and whether locus of control and job status mediate this relationship. The study surveyed 604 employees from Nigerian government establishments. It found a significant positive relationship between perception of downsizing and commitment. Locus of control also significantly influenced perception of downsizing, but job status did not. Locus of control significantly mediated the relationship between perception of downsizing and commitment, but job status did not mediate this relationship. The study concluded that employees' perception of downsizing relates to their commitment, and locus of control mediates this relationship.
Measuring the Impact of Injury to Enhance Recovery, Pam Garton, Managing Dire...ArthritisNT
The document discusses measuring the impact of injury to enhance recovery. It introduces the biopsychosocial model for understanding patient illness and recovery. It then describes Abilita's biopsychosocial assessment tool called the Abilita Rehabilitation Index (ARI) which measures factors like pain, function, emotions, coping, confidence, and work perceptions through a self-report questionnaire. Case studies are presented showing how the ARI helped patients understand their condition and progress in recovery through individualized domain reports and coaching. Work outcome data also shows reductions in ARI scores correlate with increased return to work hours.
This document is a chapter from a textbook about stress and well-being. It discusses various models of workplace stress, including the demand-control model and effort-reward imbalance model. It also outlines the individual and organizational consequences of stress, such as increased health issues, absenteeism, and decreased productivity. The chapter proposes strategies for managing stress at both the individual and organizational level, including improving job design, increasing employee involvement, and implementing wellness programs.
This document summarizes several theories of motivation:
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which contends that humans seek to meet basic needs and progress to higher needs.
- Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory which identifies hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction and motivators that provide true motivation.
- Alderfer's ERG Theory which presents a needs hierarchy of existence, relatedness, and growth needs.
- McClelland's Theory of Needs which identifies three motivators - achievement, affiliation, and power - that are learned and influence behavior.
- Expectancy Theory which proposes motivation is influenced by expectancy, instrumentality, and valence (perceptions of effort-performance and performance-reward relationships
The contribution of occupational health to primary health care (prof Carel Hu...Health and Labour
Presnetation by prof dr Carel Hulshof of the Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, AMC Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine(NVAB) at the WHO/TNO/Dutchgovernment Congres 'Connecting Health and Labour' 29 - 1 December 2012
This document summarizes a study exploring how currently experiencing a health state may affect how that health state is valued. The study compares ratings from an "experience-based" group who are currently in a given health state to a "non-experience-based" group who are not currently in that state. Preliminary results show some health states are rated slightly higher when experienced, though differences are small and not seen for all states. Larger datasets will be needed to further analyze how experience may influence health state valuations.
1) Integrating biological and social data can help answer questions about how socioeconomic factors influence health through various pathways and help identify those most in need by using biomarkers to provide earlier and more precise measures of health.
2) Biomarkers measured in blood and other samples can provide objective measures of established disease risks, stress responses, and health over the lifecourse that complement self-reported measures and help understand illness behavior.
3) Combining biomarker and survey data on work status and health in Understanding Society showed that returning to work did not necessarily improve health as measured by allostatic load, suggesting not all work is good for health and personality may influence self-reported associations between work and health.
Workshop on well being over the life course agenda layardStatsCommunications
Workshop on Well-Being over the Life Course
Organised by the OECD, the Centre for Economic Performance of the London School of Economics and CEPREMAP Well-Being Observatory
OECD Conference Centre, Paris,
This document discusses the challenges of improving population health outcomes for children through children's healthcare services. It argues that the focus needs to shift from caring for individual children with health problems to implementing proactive strategies that improve outcomes across entire populations of children. Programs aimed at populations are more effective when they address key social determinants of health through high-coverage interventions early in life. The document examines differences between individual care and population care, and emphasizes the importance of understanding determinants like poverty, parenting programs, and early childhood development to achieve meaningful improvements in outcomes for all children.
This document discusses selection bias in program evaluation. It explains that economists use data to make causal inferences but real-world comparisons rarely hold all other factors equal. Program evaluators try to account for selection bias from omitted variables to draw reliable causal conclusions. The document uses health insurance as an example, noting comparisons of health outcomes between insured and uninsured groups are misleading if other health-related factors differ between the groups. It introduces the potential outcomes framework to define individual-level treatment effects and explains how selection bias arises when the average treatment effect is calculated for a population using only observed outcomes. The key challenge is accounting for selection on unobservables like unobserved differences between individuals that do and do not participate in a program.
1) Adolescent cognitive ability and non-cognitive traits are associated with better adult physical and mental health and fewer depressive symptoms.
2) Adding family background factors attenuates but does not eliminate the associations, suggesting both shared family environments and individual attributes matter.
3) Further adding education and health behaviors further reduces the associations, indicating cognitive/non-cognitive traits may influence health through these mediating factors.
Messy, not smelling of roses and a tilted view requiredepicyclops
Presidential Address given to the Glasgow Southern Medical Society on 24th October 2013. In her lecture, Dr Andrea Williamson discusses health inequalities and homelessness from the viewpoint of a general practitioner in Glasgow.
Two videos are discussed during the meeting:
The first is Isha and the Poverty Truth Commission:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKGMok5s2Rs&noredirect=1
The second is Brian and the Housing First pilot in Glasgow:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKyNhAaCsE0
This document summarizes maternal and child health in Indonesia, including progress toward achieving several Millennium Development Goals. It finds that while maternal mortality and child mortality rates have declined since 1990, disparities persist across regions and socioeconomic levels. Key factors influencing health outcomes include a mother's education, family income, access to skilled birth attendants and the healthcare system. Achieving further improvements will require addressing social determinants of health and reducing inequalities.
The document discusses health inequalities and options for addressing them, including through screening programs and consideration of social determinants of health. It notes that those with greater social and economic disadvantages tend to have poorer health outcomes and less access to healthcare. Screening definitions and programs are reviewed, along with factors influencing individual, community and societal health. Disadvantaged groups, importance of addressing inequalities, and advocacy are discussed. Exercises on deprivation and obesity are included.
My research on psychological distress in health professionals unclosed tables...hidayat ullah
This document discusses psychological distress in health professionals and examines its relationship to prolonged and irregular duty hours. It begins by reviewing previous literature that found high levels of psychological distress in 28% of doctors, paramedics and nurses, compared to 18% in the general working population. The document then describes a study conducted with 75 health professionals in Pakistan that used the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The results found a significant association between psychological distress and long working hours in the health professionals. Specifically, likelihood ratio and Phi tests revealed a severe association between distress and working hours. The study supported the hypothesis that prolonged and irregular duty hours can lead to psychological distress in health professionals.
The document discusses how health inequalities are socially determined by differences in life chances rather than just lifestyles. It provides evidence from studies showing how stressful work environments and unemployment negatively impact health, with up to 40-64% of health inequalities reduced after adjusting for these social determinants of health. The document advocates for policies focused on improving life chances, such as increasing income, employment opportunities, and participation at work and in communities, as evidenced by some of Labour's past successes in reducing inequalities.
High-demand jobs may expect age-related diversity in work ability. Most aging workers will not perceive work ability problems when growing older if they are not working in high-demand jobs. However, focus should be on protecting the work-related health of aging workers in high-demand jobs. High-demand jobs are characterized by specific job demands that cannot be eliminated through current measures and may exceed exposure limits or average human capacities, increasing the risk of health problems. Knowledge is lacking about work ability for workers aged 60 and over in high-demand jobs.
How to Improve Quality of Services by Integrating Common Factors into Treatme...Scott Miller
Presentation by Dr. Bruce Wampold about how the outcome and quality of psychotherapy can be improved by adding common factors to the treatment. Wampold documents the lack of difference in outcome between competing treatment methods AND the relatively large contribution made by common factors to outcome.
This document outlines Dan Hausman's argument that health cannot be directly measured. It discusses attempts to measure health to compare clinical strategies, measure disease burden, and allocate resources. However, health is multidimensional and states cannot be directly compared. While indirect measures exist, like using preferences or indicators, these actually measure values rather than health itself. Ultimately, most health measures rely on private preferences, but an alternative could measure the public value of health.
This document discusses work-life balance and provides a history and outline of the topic. It defines key terms like work and what work-life balance is and is not. Statistics are presented on physician burnout and the relationship between poor work-life balance and health issues. Reasons for imbalance and consequences are explored. Finally, the document outlines components and arrangements to improve work-life balance, including self-management, time management, and family friendly policies.
Define epidemiology and identify the epidemiological models.pdfsdfghj21
This document discusses epidemiology and epidemiological models. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. It identifies several epidemiological models including the person-place-time model, epidemiological triangle, wheel model of human-environment interaction, and web of causation. It also discusses descriptive and analytic epidemiology, different types of rates used to examine disease patterns (incidence rates, prevalence rates, mortality rates), and epidemiological methods like observational studies.
Presented at the Older HealthCare Workers Conference co-hosted by Health & Medicine Policy Research Group and the Great Lakes Centers for Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health (University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health)
SOPHIE reviews on Employment: a) Part-time employment, working conditions, he...sophieproject
Here we present two reviews on Employment. First is a systematic review on Part-time employment, working conditions, health and gender in Europe (authored by Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona team). Second one is a realist review on employment protection legislation impacts on temporary employment (authored by GREDS-EMCONET research team).
This document summarizes a meta-analysis of 206 studies on adventure therapy outcomes published between 1967 and 2012. The meta-analysis found that adventure therapy has a moderate positive effect on psychosocial outcomes, with an overall effect size of 0.50 for pre-post outcomes. Larger effects were found for outcomes related to self-concept, social development, and clinical measures. Moderator analyses found slightly larger effects for older participants and programs with an open group structure. The meta-analysis provides benchmarking data to evaluate adventure therapy program outcomes.
This presentation discusses stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 277 Minnesota adults found that about 25% reported feeling stressed in the past month, and women reported higher stress levels than men. Over half felt more burnout during the pandemic than usual, and employed individuals reported greater burnout. The findings suggest the pandemic is having prolonged effects on stress and burnout, especially for women and workers. Coping strategies like self-care, social support, and adjusting expectations may help reduce pandemic-related stress.
Keep calm and carry on? Policy, psychology and the effects of 'economic war'Strategic Society Centre
1. The document discusses the psychological and health impacts of economic hardship and unemployment during periods of recession.
2. Past research has found that unemployment can significantly damage mental health and increase mortality risk, though the impacts may depend on context such as availability of social services.
3. Governments must prepare policies to help citizens cope with stress, support retraining, and curb rising inequality in order to minimize harm during economic downturns.
The document discusses Tiltti, a Finnish project that provides peer support and information for problem gamblers. It was started in 2010 and is funded by RAY. Tiltti is part of the Finnish Blue Ribbon organization and provides individual counseling, treatment referrals, group support activities, and an open door walk-in space. Tiltti also collaborates with the Gambling Clinic to provide specialized treatment and peer support groups for those who have not engaged with other services or are at risk of dropping out of treatment. One such group is the Tuesday group, designed for people who want to quit gambling but find it difficult to start a formal therapy process.
This document discusses the challenges of improving population health outcomes for children through children's healthcare services. It argues that the focus needs to shift from caring for individual children with health problems to implementing proactive strategies that improve outcomes across entire populations of children. Programs aimed at populations are more effective when they address key social determinants of health through high-coverage interventions early in life. The document examines differences between individual care and population care, and emphasizes the importance of understanding determinants like poverty, parenting programs, and early childhood development to achieve meaningful improvements in outcomes for all children.
This document discusses selection bias in program evaluation. It explains that economists use data to make causal inferences but real-world comparisons rarely hold all other factors equal. Program evaluators try to account for selection bias from omitted variables to draw reliable causal conclusions. The document uses health insurance as an example, noting comparisons of health outcomes between insured and uninsured groups are misleading if other health-related factors differ between the groups. It introduces the potential outcomes framework to define individual-level treatment effects and explains how selection bias arises when the average treatment effect is calculated for a population using only observed outcomes. The key challenge is accounting for selection on unobservables like unobserved differences between individuals that do and do not participate in a program.
1) Adolescent cognitive ability and non-cognitive traits are associated with better adult physical and mental health and fewer depressive symptoms.
2) Adding family background factors attenuates but does not eliminate the associations, suggesting both shared family environments and individual attributes matter.
3) Further adding education and health behaviors further reduces the associations, indicating cognitive/non-cognitive traits may influence health through these mediating factors.
Messy, not smelling of roses and a tilted view requiredepicyclops
Presidential Address given to the Glasgow Southern Medical Society on 24th October 2013. In her lecture, Dr Andrea Williamson discusses health inequalities and homelessness from the viewpoint of a general practitioner in Glasgow.
Two videos are discussed during the meeting:
The first is Isha and the Poverty Truth Commission:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKGMok5s2Rs&noredirect=1
The second is Brian and the Housing First pilot in Glasgow:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKyNhAaCsE0
This document summarizes maternal and child health in Indonesia, including progress toward achieving several Millennium Development Goals. It finds that while maternal mortality and child mortality rates have declined since 1990, disparities persist across regions and socioeconomic levels. Key factors influencing health outcomes include a mother's education, family income, access to skilled birth attendants and the healthcare system. Achieving further improvements will require addressing social determinants of health and reducing inequalities.
The document discusses health inequalities and options for addressing them, including through screening programs and consideration of social determinants of health. It notes that those with greater social and economic disadvantages tend to have poorer health outcomes and less access to healthcare. Screening definitions and programs are reviewed, along with factors influencing individual, community and societal health. Disadvantaged groups, importance of addressing inequalities, and advocacy are discussed. Exercises on deprivation and obesity are included.
My research on psychological distress in health professionals unclosed tables...hidayat ullah
This document discusses psychological distress in health professionals and examines its relationship to prolonged and irregular duty hours. It begins by reviewing previous literature that found high levels of psychological distress in 28% of doctors, paramedics and nurses, compared to 18% in the general working population. The document then describes a study conducted with 75 health professionals in Pakistan that used the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The results found a significant association between psychological distress and long working hours in the health professionals. Specifically, likelihood ratio and Phi tests revealed a severe association between distress and working hours. The study supported the hypothesis that prolonged and irregular duty hours can lead to psychological distress in health professionals.
The document discusses how health inequalities are socially determined by differences in life chances rather than just lifestyles. It provides evidence from studies showing how stressful work environments and unemployment negatively impact health, with up to 40-64% of health inequalities reduced after adjusting for these social determinants of health. The document advocates for policies focused on improving life chances, such as increasing income, employment opportunities, and participation at work and in communities, as evidenced by some of Labour's past successes in reducing inequalities.
High-demand jobs may expect age-related diversity in work ability. Most aging workers will not perceive work ability problems when growing older if they are not working in high-demand jobs. However, focus should be on protecting the work-related health of aging workers in high-demand jobs. High-demand jobs are characterized by specific job demands that cannot be eliminated through current measures and may exceed exposure limits or average human capacities, increasing the risk of health problems. Knowledge is lacking about work ability for workers aged 60 and over in high-demand jobs.
How to Improve Quality of Services by Integrating Common Factors into Treatme...Scott Miller
Presentation by Dr. Bruce Wampold about how the outcome and quality of psychotherapy can be improved by adding common factors to the treatment. Wampold documents the lack of difference in outcome between competing treatment methods AND the relatively large contribution made by common factors to outcome.
This document outlines Dan Hausman's argument that health cannot be directly measured. It discusses attempts to measure health to compare clinical strategies, measure disease burden, and allocate resources. However, health is multidimensional and states cannot be directly compared. While indirect measures exist, like using preferences or indicators, these actually measure values rather than health itself. Ultimately, most health measures rely on private preferences, but an alternative could measure the public value of health.
This document discusses work-life balance and provides a history and outline of the topic. It defines key terms like work and what work-life balance is and is not. Statistics are presented on physician burnout and the relationship between poor work-life balance and health issues. Reasons for imbalance and consequences are explored. Finally, the document outlines components and arrangements to improve work-life balance, including self-management, time management, and family friendly policies.
Define epidemiology and identify the epidemiological models.pdfsdfghj21
This document discusses epidemiology and epidemiological models. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. It identifies several epidemiological models including the person-place-time model, epidemiological triangle, wheel model of human-environment interaction, and web of causation. It also discusses descriptive and analytic epidemiology, different types of rates used to examine disease patterns (incidence rates, prevalence rates, mortality rates), and epidemiological methods like observational studies.
Presented at the Older HealthCare Workers Conference co-hosted by Health & Medicine Policy Research Group and the Great Lakes Centers for Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health (University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health)
SOPHIE reviews on Employment: a) Part-time employment, working conditions, he...sophieproject
Here we present two reviews on Employment. First is a systematic review on Part-time employment, working conditions, health and gender in Europe (authored by Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona team). Second one is a realist review on employment protection legislation impacts on temporary employment (authored by GREDS-EMCONET research team).
This document summarizes a meta-analysis of 206 studies on adventure therapy outcomes published between 1967 and 2012. The meta-analysis found that adventure therapy has a moderate positive effect on psychosocial outcomes, with an overall effect size of 0.50 for pre-post outcomes. Larger effects were found for outcomes related to self-concept, social development, and clinical measures. Moderator analyses found slightly larger effects for older participants and programs with an open group structure. The meta-analysis provides benchmarking data to evaluate adventure therapy program outcomes.
This presentation discusses stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 277 Minnesota adults found that about 25% reported feeling stressed in the past month, and women reported higher stress levels than men. Over half felt more burnout during the pandemic than usual, and employed individuals reported greater burnout. The findings suggest the pandemic is having prolonged effects on stress and burnout, especially for women and workers. Coping strategies like self-care, social support, and adjusting expectations may help reduce pandemic-related stress.
Keep calm and carry on? Policy, psychology and the effects of 'economic war'Strategic Society Centre
1. The document discusses the psychological and health impacts of economic hardship and unemployment during periods of recession.
2. Past research has found that unemployment can significantly damage mental health and increase mortality risk, though the impacts may depend on context such as availability of social services.
3. Governments must prepare policies to help citizens cope with stress, support retraining, and curb rising inequality in order to minimize harm during economic downturns.
The document discusses Tiltti, a Finnish project that provides peer support and information for problem gamblers. It was started in 2010 and is funded by RAY. Tiltti is part of the Finnish Blue Ribbon organization and provides individual counseling, treatment referrals, group support activities, and an open door walk-in space. Tiltti also collaborates with the Gambling Clinic to provide specialized treatment and peer support groups for those who have not engaged with other services or are at risk of dropping out of treatment. One such group is the Tuesday group, designed for people who want to quit gambling but find it difficult to start a formal therapy process.
Problem gambling, gambling dependency and gambling addiction as described by health and social workers in focus groups interviews- Gapro care Åland. Anette Häggblom, Åland University of Applied Sciences
Culturally adapted health care, why and how? Kulturelt tilpassede helsetjenester, hvorfor og hvordan? Ole Mathis Hetta, Saami Public Health/samisk samfunnsmedisin.
The document discusses issues around disability and access to substance abuse programs in Finland. It notes that a 2007 survey found over 12,000 cases involving people with disabilities, including visual impairments, hearing impairments, physical disabilities, and developmental or neurological disorders. It describes projects by the Finnish Blue Ribbon organization to prevent harms from intoxicants for people with disabilities and improve collaboration between disability and substance abuse services. The current VAPA program works to promote cooperation across sectors, advocate for recognition of disability issues, and ensure access to information on intoxicant issues for people with disabilities.
The document summarizes Telemark County's public health program, known as the Telemark Model. The model aims to promote health and reduce health differences among the population of Telemark through initiatives in kindergartens and schools. It focuses on children, youth, and the elderly. The program establishes health as a priority in planning and uses a holistic approach. Key aspects include healthy eating, physical activity, and mental health programs. Cooperation with stakeholders and national initiatives helps drive implementation. Evaluation found the school setting effective for reaching people and establishing healthy habits early.
The document discusses a health initiative in the Alna district of Oslo, Norway aimed at starting health information and physical activities for women. The main goals are to promote equal health opportunities and reduce differences through health education programs, language classes, and physical activity groups. Over 180 women regularly participate in training and education. Challenges include communication barriers due to language and cultural differences, as well as securing long-term funding. Next steps involve integrating health topics into language courses and expanding empowerment programs.
Den nya lagen om hälso- och sjukvård stöder strukturerna och processerna i främjandet av välfärd och hälsa. Taru Koivisto, Social- och hälsovårdsministeriet i Finland.
Quality of care after first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) a comparison of native Danes and immigrants from Turkey, Pakistan and the former Yugoslavia. Nana Folmann Hempler, University of Copenhagen
Public Health Statistics: why and how? Facts - analysis - plan - action: A better foundation for improving Public Health. Pål Harald Kippenes, Directorate of Health, Norway.
The NDPHS is a partnership committed to improving health and social well-being in Northern Europe. It aims to promote sustainable development through cooperation across several sectors, including economic, security, research, environment, and health. The NDPHS works to reduce communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, and prevent lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases. It develops policy recommendations, facilitates regional projects, and disseminates information to stakeholders. The partnership also takes a leading role in the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region to address health priorities in the region.
This document discusses health promotion in Finland. It describes a national development program called KASTE that aims to link knowledge management practices to health promotion through measures like prevention, workforce development, and integrated social and health care services. It also describes a regional health promotion program managed through nursing and tools used for health promotion management. Finally, it discusses challenges around knowledge exploitation and the need for training on health promotion strategies and management tools to better implement national health promotion programs at the local level in Finland.
Nfhk2011 eeva häkkinen and anneli luoma-kuikka_parallel9NFHK2011
1. The document discusses the development of Own Health Corners in the Hospital District of Etelä-Savo, Finland to provide citizens with reliable health information and self-care services.
2. There are now 24 Own Health Corners across the region that offer health measurements, information on lifestyle topics, and events.
3. An evaluation found the most popular corners provided personal guidance, while some needed improvements to privacy and comfort. Expanding online resources was also discussed.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
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Nfhk2011 mika kivimaki_turku2011
1. Work life and social inequalities in
health
Professor Mika Kivimaki
Department of Epidemiology & Public Health University
College London, UK
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
2. Collaborators:
Prof. Jussi Vahtera, Drs. Marianna Virtanen, Tuula Oksanen,
Paula Salo, and Jaana Halonen, FIOH;
Prof. Sir Michael Marmot, Drs. Archana Singh-Manoux, G. David
Batty, Martin Shipley, Jane E. Ferrie, Eric Brunner, and Mark
Hamer, University College London, UK
Funding:
Academy of Finland, Finnish Work Environment Foundation, EU
New OSH ERA research programme, BUPA Foundation, British
Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council, UK, NIH, US.
3. Session Outline
The Social causation assumption (SES
health) – is it justifiable?
Understanding how work is linked with disease
risk?
Work as an explanation for social inequalities –
history and current evidence?
4. Relative inequalities in the rate of death from any cause
A real public health problem
Mackenbach et al. N Engl J Med 2008
5. 1. The social causation hypothesis SES Health
• SES determines the ability to consume goods and services – for
example, high-quality food and health care – which in turn affects health.
• Low SES is associated with higher exposure to occupational health
hazards, potentially contributing to health problems.
• Differences in social values and behavioural preferences between SES
groups may create variations in health.
2. The health-related selection hypothesis Health SES
• Childhood health is linked to educational achievement and labour
market prospects and thus to adult SES.
• Severe and limiting health problems during adulthood may increase the
risk of an income shortfall and poor career prospects.
3. The common cause hypothesis SES Health
• Common causes, such as genetic influences and personality, determine
both SES and health.
Trait
6. SES Health
Common cause: genes
Denmark, >20,000 adoptees Trait
Hazard ratio for mortality in adoptees in relation to biological and adoptive father’s social class.
Note: not replicated; specific SES-related genetic variants not identified.
Osler et al. Int J Epidemiol 2006
7. SES Health
Common cause: personality Trait
GAZEL cohort, France
BDHI, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory
2. 0
High
29%
1. 5
Low
RR 1. 0
0. 5
0. 0
Unadjusted Adjusted
Nabi et al. Int J Epidemiol 2008
8. SES Health
Trait
Personality in adolescence predicts education in adulthood
Young Finns, Finland
Pulkki et al. Int J Epidemiol 2003
9. Health predicting social mobility: Health SES
The Whitehall II study, the UK
Elovainio et al. Am J Epidemiol 2011
10. SES Health
Socioeconomic circumstances influence health
Elovainio et al. Am J Epidemiol 2011
11. Brief summary
The social causation SES Health
• Important at least in adulthood
The health-related selection Health SES
• Important in childhood
The common cause SES Health
• Eg. effects of personality are not trivial
Trait
12. Theoretical models on unhealthy work
To identify key elements within complex and
diverse work environments
To provide new predictions and explanations of
less well understood health/disease outcomes
To orient interventions towards healthy work and
well-being of workers
F Kittel 2010
14. Job motivation and job stress
models
What I put in my work What I get from my work reward
effort
J. S. Adams: Equity Theory J. Siegrist: Effort-Reward
on job motivation 1963 Imbalance model 1996
15. Organizational justice theory
― 3 forms of justice perceptions
Distributive justice: fairness of outcomes (equity, equality, and
needs)
Procedural justice: fairness of the methods or procedures used
(decision criteria, voice, control of the process)
Relational justice: fairness of the interpersonal treatment
received (dignity and respect)
Moorman 2001, Greenberg & Cropanzano 2001, Kivimaki et al Arch Intern Med 2005
16. Organisational justice questionnaire items
Decisions…
• are well-informed,
• are consistently applied (the rules are applied equally for
everyone).
Management…
• listens to the concerns of all those affected by the decision,
• provides opportunities to appeal against or challenge the
decision,
• tries to deal with us in a truthful manner.
Kivimäki et al Psychol Med 2003
18. 1. Relative risk of depression or depressive
symptoms according to job strain
Job demands
Low job control
Bonde Occup Environ Med 2008
19. Relative risk of depression or depressive
symptoms according to job strain
Job strain
Low social
support
Bonde Occup Environ Med 2008
20. Summary estimates (relative risk) for job
strain components:
1.31 (95% CI 1.08 – 1.59) for high demands
1.20 (95% CI 1.08 – 1.39) for low job control
1.44 (95% CI 1.24 – 1.68) for low social support
Bonde Occup Environ Med 2008
22. Summary
• Both job strain and effort reward imbalance
show associations with mental health
problems, but not unanimously
• Aspects of social relations at work also related
to mental health problems
• Threat to causal inference: Reverse causation
23. An attempt to exclude the reverse causation
explanation...
Ward overcrowding - a person-independent source of work
stress for nurses
Participating hospitals routinely collect monthly figures on
bed occupancy for each ward according to a standard
procedure.
We examined a subcohort of somatic ward personnel
(n=7340) from the Public Sector Study.
Virtanen et al. Am J Psychiatry 2008
24. Overcrowding as a time-dependent
exposure (illustration)
Person A Antidepressant treatment
0 = no
0
0 1 = yes
0
0
0
0
1
Person B
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Person C 1
0
1
6 months 8 months 10 months
Virtanen et al. Am J Psychiatry 2008
26. 2. Work stress and cardiovascular disease
PART 1: Psychosocial
Psychosocial
CAUSAL MODELS factors
factors
indirect effect etiological factor trigger prognostic factor
Risk factors
Risk factors Preclinical disease
Preclinical disease Manifest disease
Manifest disease Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular
xx processes
processes xx death
death
e.g., obesity, smoking, e.g., atherosclerosis, e.g., angina, myocardial
physical inactivity, endothelic dysfunction infarction
high LDL cholesterol
confounding, bias, reversed causality
PART 2:
ALTERNATIVE
Psychosocial
Psychosocial
EXPLANATIONS
factors
factors stress
Kivimäki et al. Scand J Work Environ Health 2006
27. Underlying mechanisms
16%
16%
32%
Physical inactivity, poor diet and the metabolic syndrome the most important
explanatory factors in this cohort
Chandola et al. Eur Heart J 2008
29. 3-year risk of cerebrovascular disease among 48,361 women aged 18–65
years (the Finnish Public Sector Study)
Kivimäki et al. Int J Epidemiol. 2009
10-year risk of cerebrovascular disease among 49 259 women aged
30 to 50 years (The Women’s Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study, Sweden)
Kuper et al. Stroke. 2007
30. In sum, reasonable evidence to assume
social causation and to link work and
disease risk.
But are work characteristics linked with
social inequalities in health?
32. ”CONCLUSION: Much of the inverse social gradient in incident CHD can be attributed to
differences in psychosocial work environment…” P. 235.
Thompson ISI web of science: 519 citations in 17/08/2011
Marmot et al. Lancet 1997
33. Marmot et al. Diabetologia 2008
“…psychological distress explained only 2% of the association between SES and all-cause
mortality when assessed at baseline (hazard ratio for mortality changed from 1.60; 95% CI
1.26-2.04, to 1.58; 95% CI, 1.24-2.02) and 5% when assessed longitudinally (adjusted hazard
ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23-1.99).”
Stringhini et al. JAMA 2010
34. A contemporary cohort of 48,000 employed women, 3.5-y follow-up
The Finnish Public Sector Study
Kivimaki et al. Int J Epidemiol 2009
35. The Danish Work Environment Cohort Study
(DWECS)
Relative risk (95% CI) for SES and sickness absence
MEN WOMEN
Adjusted for age and family status
1.37 (1.21 to 1.55) 1.30 (1.14 to 1.47)
+ health behaviours
1.33 (1.17 to 1.51) (3%) 1.24 (1.09 to 1.41) (5%)
+ physical work environment
1.10 (0.95 to 1.28) (20%) 1.14 (0.99 to 1.32) (12%)
+ psychosocial work environment
1.09 (0.93 to 1.29) (20%) 1.09 (0.93 to 1.28) (16%)
Christensen et al. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008