News 18 22 oct
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•165 views
Three private equity firms are planning to acquire a 15-18% stake in Hero Honda. Several other stories discuss expansions and acquisitions of various companies in industries such as apparel, retail, food, and technology. The document also lists several job openings, including positions with the Indian Navy, Reserve Bank of India, Steel Authority of India, and others.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Weekly news 4
Ford plans to launch 8 new vehicles in India by mid-decade and make India an export hub for its vehicles. IBM won a 10-year $3 billion deal to handle IT for Bharti Airtel's Africa operations, consolidating systems into one. Four private equity funds, including KKR, TPG, Carlyle, and Bain Capital, are competing to acquire part of Honda's stake in Hero Honda Motors valued at $1.1 billion.
Human Resource crisis in Air India
The document discusses the human resource crisis at Air India Limited. It provides background on Air India's history and financial troubles. It summarizes findings from a survey conducted by the Dharmadhikari Committee to understand employee situations. Key issues identified include unpaid salaries, integration problems from the merger of Air India and Indian Airlines, and a bloated cost structure. Recommendations include privatizing Air India, cutting unprofitable routes, downsizing while protecting union jobs, and appointing a visionary leader to drive the company forward.
Analysis on Air India strike on May 2012
This report throws light on the pilot hunger strike by AIG on may 2012 by Air India employees,causes,results and relevent court orders.
Air India's details
Air India was founded in 1932 as Tata Airlines and was India's first airline. It is currently owned by the Government of India and has a fleet of over 100 aircraft that operate flights to both domestic and international destinations. Air India employs over 23,000 people and has a vision to be among the top five Asian airlines in terms of various metrics like profitability and quality.
Air india
This document summarizes the history and financial troubles of Air India, India's national airline. It traces Air India from its origins in 1932 as Tata Airlines to its nationalization in 1953. In recent decades, Air India has faced significant losses, declining market share, and high debt levels due to factors such as unrealistic aircraft purchases, failed mergers, and leasing losses. The government is now seeking to privatize Air India to stem further losses and allow the airline to be turned around under private management as the aviation sector grows in India.
air india casestudy
Air India pilots went on strike in May 2012, the longest pilot strike in 40 years, to demand better pay and promotions. The strike began when 100 pilots went on medical leave in protest and escalated when 10 pilots were fired for not returning to work. The strike caused Air India to lose 500 crores (US$90.5 million). On July 4th, the strike ended after the Delhi High Court intervened and Air India management agreed to reconsider grievances and reinstating fired pilots. Key issues were disparities between former Air India and Indian Airlines staff that emerged from the troubled merger of the airlines.
Reason for air-india crisis
Air India was founded in 1932 by JRD Tata as Tata Airlines. It became a public company called Air India in 1946. In 1960, Air India flew its first international flight to New York. By 1962 it had become the world's first all-jet airline. In 2007, Indian Airlines merged with Air India. Currently, Air India is facing major financial troubles with a debt of over Rs. 40,000 crore and annual losses of Rs. 5,000 crore due to factors such as poor management, union strikes, and the decision to purchase 111 new planes. The government is implementing a turnaround plan including an equity infusion and loan to revive the airline.
Air India ppt
Tata Sons, an Indian conglomerate, acquired Air India from the Government of India for Rs 18,000 crore. As part of the acquisition, Tata Sons will take over Air India's entire debt of Rs 61,562 crore, of which Rs 15,300 crore will be transferred to Tata Sons, while the remaining Rs 46,262 crore will be transferred to the Government. The acquisition will allow Tata Sons to gain control of Air India and its subsidiaries, providing an opportunity to revitalize the struggling national carrier.
Recommended
Weekly news 4
Ford plans to launch 8 new vehicles in India by mid-decade and make India an export hub for its vehicles. IBM won a 10-year $3 billion deal to handle IT for Bharti Airtel's Africa operations, consolidating systems into one. Four private equity funds, including KKR, TPG, Carlyle, and Bain Capital, are competing to acquire part of Honda's stake in Hero Honda Motors valued at $1.1 billion.
Human Resource crisis in Air India
The document discusses the human resource crisis at Air India Limited. It provides background on Air India's history and financial troubles. It summarizes findings from a survey conducted by the Dharmadhikari Committee to understand employee situations. Key issues identified include unpaid salaries, integration problems from the merger of Air India and Indian Airlines, and a bloated cost structure. Recommendations include privatizing Air India, cutting unprofitable routes, downsizing while protecting union jobs, and appointing a visionary leader to drive the company forward.
Analysis on Air India strike on May 2012
This report throws light on the pilot hunger strike by AIG on may 2012 by Air India employees,causes,results and relevent court orders.
Air India's details
Air India was founded in 1932 as Tata Airlines and was India's first airline. It is currently owned by the Government of India and has a fleet of over 100 aircraft that operate flights to both domestic and international destinations. Air India employs over 23,000 people and has a vision to be among the top five Asian airlines in terms of various metrics like profitability and quality.
Air india
This document summarizes the history and financial troubles of Air India, India's national airline. It traces Air India from its origins in 1932 as Tata Airlines to its nationalization in 1953. In recent decades, Air India has faced significant losses, declining market share, and high debt levels due to factors such as unrealistic aircraft purchases, failed mergers, and leasing losses. The government is now seeking to privatize Air India to stem further losses and allow the airline to be turned around under private management as the aviation sector grows in India.
air india casestudy
Air India pilots went on strike in May 2012, the longest pilot strike in 40 years, to demand better pay and promotions. The strike began when 100 pilots went on medical leave in protest and escalated when 10 pilots were fired for not returning to work. The strike caused Air India to lose 500 crores (US$90.5 million). On July 4th, the strike ended after the Delhi High Court intervened and Air India management agreed to reconsider grievances and reinstating fired pilots. Key issues were disparities between former Air India and Indian Airlines staff that emerged from the troubled merger of the airlines.
Reason for air-india crisis
Air India was founded in 1932 by JRD Tata as Tata Airlines. It became a public company called Air India in 1946. In 1960, Air India flew its first international flight to New York. By 1962 it had become the world's first all-jet airline. In 2007, Indian Airlines merged with Air India. Currently, Air India is facing major financial troubles with a debt of over Rs. 40,000 crore and annual losses of Rs. 5,000 crore due to factors such as poor management, union strikes, and the decision to purchase 111 new planes. The government is implementing a turnaround plan including an equity infusion and loan to revive the airline.
Air India ppt
Tata Sons, an Indian conglomerate, acquired Air India from the Government of India for Rs 18,000 crore. As part of the acquisition, Tata Sons will take over Air India's entire debt of Rs 61,562 crore, of which Rs 15,300 crore will be transferred to Tata Sons, while the remaining Rs 46,262 crore will be transferred to the Government. The acquisition will allow Tata Sons to gain control of Air India and its subsidiaries, providing an opportunity to revitalize the struggling national carrier.
News
Etihad Airways is offering free visas for travel from three airports in India to Abu Dhabi as part of a promotion with TT Services. Jaguar Land Rover launched armored versions of the Range Rover and Discovery starting at Rs. 4.75 crore and Rs. 3.75 crore respectively, and are working to assemble Land Rover products in India. According to India Inc, the Reserve Bank of India may raise interest rates by 25 basis points, increasing the repo rate to 6.5% and reverse repo rate to 5.5%. Fiat plans to open exclusive brand stores in major Indian cities without involving Tata Motors, where they will display merchandise and serve Italian coffee in addition to vehicles
Air India
Air India has been struggling financially and facing losses. Privatizing Air India could help address its inefficiencies and improve its competitiveness compared to private airlines. However, privatization alone may not be a complete solution and the government would also need other reforms. While privatization may improve services and facilities for customers, it could also result in job losses for employees. The path forward requires addressing challenges like high costs and infrastructure issues, as well as allowing for private participation and competition in the aviation industry.
Wekly news presentation 2
Tata Steel is in talks with 11 banks including BNP Paribas SA, Credit Agricole CIB, HSBC Holdings and Royal Bank of Scotland Group for £3.5 billion ($5.4 billion) in loans for its UK unit at an interest rate of around 400 basis points above the London interbank offered rate. Audi plans to start a second production shift at its Aurangabad factory in India to increase output from 2,000 to 3,000 units next year in order to more than double its sales in India by 2015. The US lost 54,000 jobs in August, with 114,000 temporary census workers losing their jobs, while President Obama has promised a new jobs package that would provide lending funds and
Privatization of Air India
The document discusses whether privatization of Air India is a good idea. It provides background on Air India's history since its founding in 1932 and reasons for its downfall, including poor management, political interference, unplanned merger, and accumulating $7.8 billion in debt by 2016-2017. The document argues that privatization could improve operational efficiency, send a message about unprofitable public sector units, and increase competition in the aviation industry. Potential bidders for Air India like Indigo and Tata Group are mentioned. In conclusion, the document states that privatization is necessary to clear Air India's debt burden and allow it to function properly, even if it may be a bitter solution.
A case on air india’s pilot strike of
The document summarizes the longest pilot strike in Air India that lasted 58 days from May to July 2012. It provides background on the merger of Air India and Indian Airlines in 2007. In May 2012, 100 pilots went on sick leave to protest the training of Indian Airlines pilots on Boeing 787 aircraft before resolving issues for Air India pilots regarding career progression. This led Air India to fire 10 pilots. The strike ended in July 2012 after 58 days following assurances from the court and aviation minister to look into pilot demands.
Weekly news ended 3rd october
SEBI barred over 500 foreign investors from trading in the Indian stock market for failing to comply with regulatory requirements. The government asked companies to submit quarterly reports on jobs created for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other weaker sections. It approved a common recruitment exam for public sector banks to hire 34,000 officers and 51,000 clerks over the next three years. International brands are increasingly sourcing merchandise from India to benefit from higher profits, lower lead times and competitive prices.
recruitment and performance appraisal at air india ltd
This document provides an overview of a project report on recruitment and performance appraisal at Air India Ltd. It includes an executive summary, chapters on objectives and methodology, conceptual analysis, questionnaire and data analysis, findings and recommendations. The objectives are to study recruitment procedures, awareness and satisfaction levels of employees, rules regarding spouse appointment after an employee's death, and training needs at Air India. Primary and secondary data was collected through questionnaires and company documents to analyze recruitment, appraisal systems and identify areas for improvement.
Probable Valuation of Air India
The Government of India has appointed RBSA Advisors as the exclusive Valuation Consultant to value Air India and its subsidiaries ahead of their planned disinvestment. Several investment companies in India have provided their estimates of Air India's valuation in 2017, ranging from Rs. 16,000 Crore to Rs. 45,000 Crore. RBSA will conduct a complex exercise to arrive at a valuation, taking into account the real estate assets, brand value, airport slots and other intangible assets. The valuation process may take some time to complete.
Case Study : Air India crashes into troubles
Air India, India's national carrier airline, is facing a severe financial crisis. It has a bloated workforce, outdated aircraft, poor marketing, and has not turned a profit since merging with Indian Airlines in 2007. As a result of all these problems, Air India has accumulated billions in debt and is heavily reliant on government handouts. Recent proposals to restructure Air India involve converting debt to equity, cutting unprofitable routes, focusing on a hub-and-spoke model, reducing costs through staff redeployment, and leasing unused real estate to generate funds. However, Air India's long term viability remains in question unless more drastic changes are made to address the root causes of its financial troubles.
Reason for air in indian crisis
- Air India was founded in 1932 as Tata Airlines and became a public company called Air India in 1946. It was nationalized in 1953.
- Air India is now facing a major financial crisis with annual losses of Rs. 5000 crore and total accumulated debt of Rs. 42,570 crore as of March 2011.
- The crisis is blamed on factors like interest payments on debt, high operating costs, an ill-advised decision to purchase 111 new planes, poor management, lack of accountability, and strikes.
Air india
The document provides details about Air India, India's national airline. It discusses Air India's history beginning in 1932 when it was founded as Tata Airlines. It details its nationalization and mergers over the decades. The document also provides information on Air India's fleet size, destinations served, subsidiaries, and financial difficulties it has faced in recent years with accumulated losses of over $7 billion USD since 2007. It includes projections of Air India's operating revenues and costs through 2022 in an effort to evaluate its financial performance and viability.
Air India - SWOT Anaysis
A well-curated SWOT analysis of Air India toppled up with some interesting facts to make the viewers engaged throughout the presentation.
Becg project
This document provides information about Jet Airways, an Indian airline, including:
- Jet Airways was incorporated in 1992 and began flight operations in 1993, initially as an air taxi operator. It became a major domestic and international carrier over time.
- Jet Airways' vision is to be an innovative and admired brand renowned for service excellence. Its mission includes delighting customers with quality service and innovation.
- Ethical values at Jet Airways include punctuality, professionalism, self-discipline, avoiding procrastination, and balancing work and life. Maintaining good work ethics is important for a company's success.
- The document discusses Jet Airways' history, operations, and initiatives by the
10 key things to know about Indigo IPO
Low-cost airline IndiGo's parent InterGlobe Aviation has fixed the price band for its initial share sale at Rs 700-765, through which it could raise up to Rs 3,268 crore.
Air india final
Air India, Case study, crisis, pilot strike, case study, industrial relation, swati luthra, labor dispute, labor law
Airindia
- Air India was formed by J.R.D. Tata using his fleet for commercial purposes and granting it to the government, forming what is now known as Air India.
- Air India currently has 62 aircraft with 14 more on order and operates 300 flights per day but has lost market share to other carriers. Its passenger load factor in September 2009 was 67.9% compared to competitors like Jet Airways and IndiGo.
- Air India's revival plan aims to make the airline profitable within 24-36 months by lowering costs on 54 domestic flights by December, separating business units, and restructuring debt.
Air india
- J.R.D Tata founded Tata Airlines in 1932 which later became Air India in 1946 when it was made a public limited company. The Government of India acquired 49% of Air India in 1948.
- Air India has faced significant financial struggles in recent decades due to high debt, loss-making international operations, and mismanagement. This has led the government of India to approve disinvestment of Air India in 2017 in an attempt to privatize the airline.
- Privatizing Air India faces challenges such as convincing banks to write off large debts and addressing concerns of employees, but reducing debt levels, selling non-core assets, and making the deal attractive to prospective buyers are suggested as ways for the government to
AN OVERVIEW OF INDIAN AVIATION SECTOR
India’s civil aviation industry is on a high-growth trajectory. India aims to become the third-largest aviation market by 2020 and the largest by 2030.
The Civil Aviation industry has ushered in a new era of expansion, driven by factors such as low-cost carriers (LCCs), modern airports, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in domestic airlines, advanced information technology (IT) interventions and growing emphasis on regional connectivity. India is the ninth-largest civil aviation market in the world, with a market size of around US$ 16 billion. India is expected to become the third largest aviation market by 2020#.
“The world is focused on Indian aviation – from manufacturers, tourism boards, airlines and global businesses to individual travellers, shippers and businessmen. If we can find common purpose among all stakeholders in Indian aviation, a bright future is at hand” said Mr. Tony Tyler, Director General and CEO, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
Wholesale Presentation
This document summarizes the benefits of direct systematic investing for advisors, businesses, and clients. For advisors, it provides justification for fees, allows a focus on strategy over transactions, and offers a point of differentiation. For businesses, it enables scalable boutique advice, the ability to capture higher net worth clients, and a value-add service. For clients, it provides clear fees and services, transparency of investment outcomes, and a differentiated approach. The strategy attributes include no forecasting, adaptive momentum triggers, cash protection in downturns, and the ability to operate on any market.
Información "El banco de trujillo"
El documento enumera las denominaciones de los billetes emitidos por el Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, incluyendo billetes de 10 centavos, 20 centavos, 50 centavos, 1 sol, 5 soles, 50 soles y 100 soles.
Irda
The document discusses the role and powers of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) in regulating the private insurance industry in India. IRDA was established by the parliament to promote orderly growth of the insurance and reinsurance business. It regulates all aspects of the insurance business including licensing requirements for new insurers, investment guidelines, product approvals, solvency norms, and grievance redressal systems. All private insurers must comply with IRDA's regulations and guidelines to ensure policyholders' interests are protected.
Super foods to lose weight.
Blueberries can help lower blood sugar, blood fat levels, and reduce waist size which helps with weight loss. They contain antioxidants that make you look younger and help burn fat. The document recommends learning more about blueberries and other super foods that aid in weight loss.
More Related Content
What's hot
News
Etihad Airways is offering free visas for travel from three airports in India to Abu Dhabi as part of a promotion with TT Services. Jaguar Land Rover launched armored versions of the Range Rover and Discovery starting at Rs. 4.75 crore and Rs. 3.75 crore respectively, and are working to assemble Land Rover products in India. According to India Inc, the Reserve Bank of India may raise interest rates by 25 basis points, increasing the repo rate to 6.5% and reverse repo rate to 5.5%. Fiat plans to open exclusive brand stores in major Indian cities without involving Tata Motors, where they will display merchandise and serve Italian coffee in addition to vehicles
Air India
Air India has been struggling financially and facing losses. Privatizing Air India could help address its inefficiencies and improve its competitiveness compared to private airlines. However, privatization alone may not be a complete solution and the government would also need other reforms. While privatization may improve services and facilities for customers, it could also result in job losses for employees. The path forward requires addressing challenges like high costs and infrastructure issues, as well as allowing for private participation and competition in the aviation industry.
Wekly news presentation 2
Tata Steel is in talks with 11 banks including BNP Paribas SA, Credit Agricole CIB, HSBC Holdings and Royal Bank of Scotland Group for £3.5 billion ($5.4 billion) in loans for its UK unit at an interest rate of around 400 basis points above the London interbank offered rate. Audi plans to start a second production shift at its Aurangabad factory in India to increase output from 2,000 to 3,000 units next year in order to more than double its sales in India by 2015. The US lost 54,000 jobs in August, with 114,000 temporary census workers losing their jobs, while President Obama has promised a new jobs package that would provide lending funds and
Privatization of Air India
The document discusses whether privatization of Air India is a good idea. It provides background on Air India's history since its founding in 1932 and reasons for its downfall, including poor management, political interference, unplanned merger, and accumulating $7.8 billion in debt by 2016-2017. The document argues that privatization could improve operational efficiency, send a message about unprofitable public sector units, and increase competition in the aviation industry. Potential bidders for Air India like Indigo and Tata Group are mentioned. In conclusion, the document states that privatization is necessary to clear Air India's debt burden and allow it to function properly, even if it may be a bitter solution.
A case on air india’s pilot strike of
The document summarizes the longest pilot strike in Air India that lasted 58 days from May to July 2012. It provides background on the merger of Air India and Indian Airlines in 2007. In May 2012, 100 pilots went on sick leave to protest the training of Indian Airlines pilots on Boeing 787 aircraft before resolving issues for Air India pilots regarding career progression. This led Air India to fire 10 pilots. The strike ended in July 2012 after 58 days following assurances from the court and aviation minister to look into pilot demands.
Weekly news ended 3rd october
SEBI barred over 500 foreign investors from trading in the Indian stock market for failing to comply with regulatory requirements. The government asked companies to submit quarterly reports on jobs created for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other weaker sections. It approved a common recruitment exam for public sector banks to hire 34,000 officers and 51,000 clerks over the next three years. International brands are increasingly sourcing merchandise from India to benefit from higher profits, lower lead times and competitive prices.
recruitment and performance appraisal at air india ltd
This document provides an overview of a project report on recruitment and performance appraisal at Air India Ltd. It includes an executive summary, chapters on objectives and methodology, conceptual analysis, questionnaire and data analysis, findings and recommendations. The objectives are to study recruitment procedures, awareness and satisfaction levels of employees, rules regarding spouse appointment after an employee's death, and training needs at Air India. Primary and secondary data was collected through questionnaires and company documents to analyze recruitment, appraisal systems and identify areas for improvement.
Probable Valuation of Air India
The Government of India has appointed RBSA Advisors as the exclusive Valuation Consultant to value Air India and its subsidiaries ahead of their planned disinvestment. Several investment companies in India have provided their estimates of Air India's valuation in 2017, ranging from Rs. 16,000 Crore to Rs. 45,000 Crore. RBSA will conduct a complex exercise to arrive at a valuation, taking into account the real estate assets, brand value, airport slots and other intangible assets. The valuation process may take some time to complete.
Case Study : Air India crashes into troubles
Air India, India's national carrier airline, is facing a severe financial crisis. It has a bloated workforce, outdated aircraft, poor marketing, and has not turned a profit since merging with Indian Airlines in 2007. As a result of all these problems, Air India has accumulated billions in debt and is heavily reliant on government handouts. Recent proposals to restructure Air India involve converting debt to equity, cutting unprofitable routes, focusing on a hub-and-spoke model, reducing costs through staff redeployment, and leasing unused real estate to generate funds. However, Air India's long term viability remains in question unless more drastic changes are made to address the root causes of its financial troubles.
Reason for air in indian crisis
- Air India was founded in 1932 as Tata Airlines and became a public company called Air India in 1946. It was nationalized in 1953.
- Air India is now facing a major financial crisis with annual losses of Rs. 5000 crore and total accumulated debt of Rs. 42,570 crore as of March 2011.
- The crisis is blamed on factors like interest payments on debt, high operating costs, an ill-advised decision to purchase 111 new planes, poor management, lack of accountability, and strikes.
Air india
The document provides details about Air India, India's national airline. It discusses Air India's history beginning in 1932 when it was founded as Tata Airlines. It details its nationalization and mergers over the decades. The document also provides information on Air India's fleet size, destinations served, subsidiaries, and financial difficulties it has faced in recent years with accumulated losses of over $7 billion USD since 2007. It includes projections of Air India's operating revenues and costs through 2022 in an effort to evaluate its financial performance and viability.
Air India - SWOT Anaysis
A well-curated SWOT analysis of Air India toppled up with some interesting facts to make the viewers engaged throughout the presentation.
Becg project
This document provides information about Jet Airways, an Indian airline, including:
- Jet Airways was incorporated in 1992 and began flight operations in 1993, initially as an air taxi operator. It became a major domestic and international carrier over time.
- Jet Airways' vision is to be an innovative and admired brand renowned for service excellence. Its mission includes delighting customers with quality service and innovation.
- Ethical values at Jet Airways include punctuality, professionalism, self-discipline, avoiding procrastination, and balancing work and life. Maintaining good work ethics is important for a company's success.
- The document discusses Jet Airways' history, operations, and initiatives by the
10 key things to know about Indigo IPO
Low-cost airline IndiGo's parent InterGlobe Aviation has fixed the price band for its initial share sale at Rs 700-765, through which it could raise up to Rs 3,268 crore.
Air india final
Air India, Case study, crisis, pilot strike, case study, industrial relation, swati luthra, labor dispute, labor law
Airindia
- Air India was formed by J.R.D. Tata using his fleet for commercial purposes and granting it to the government, forming what is now known as Air India.
- Air India currently has 62 aircraft with 14 more on order and operates 300 flights per day but has lost market share to other carriers. Its passenger load factor in September 2009 was 67.9% compared to competitors like Jet Airways and IndiGo.
- Air India's revival plan aims to make the airline profitable within 24-36 months by lowering costs on 54 domestic flights by December, separating business units, and restructuring debt.
Air india
- J.R.D Tata founded Tata Airlines in 1932 which later became Air India in 1946 when it was made a public limited company. The Government of India acquired 49% of Air India in 1948.
- Air India has faced significant financial struggles in recent decades due to high debt, loss-making international operations, and mismanagement. This has led the government of India to approve disinvestment of Air India in 2017 in an attempt to privatize the airline.
- Privatizing Air India faces challenges such as convincing banks to write off large debts and addressing concerns of employees, but reducing debt levels, selling non-core assets, and making the deal attractive to prospective buyers are suggested as ways for the government to
AN OVERVIEW OF INDIAN AVIATION SECTOR
India’s civil aviation industry is on a high-growth trajectory. India aims to become the third-largest aviation market by 2020 and the largest by 2030.
The Civil Aviation industry has ushered in a new era of expansion, driven by factors such as low-cost carriers (LCCs), modern airports, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in domestic airlines, advanced information technology (IT) interventions and growing emphasis on regional connectivity. India is the ninth-largest civil aviation market in the world, with a market size of around US$ 16 billion. India is expected to become the third largest aviation market by 2020#.
“The world is focused on Indian aviation – from manufacturers, tourism boards, airlines and global businesses to individual travellers, shippers and businessmen. If we can find common purpose among all stakeholders in Indian aviation, a bright future is at hand” said Mr. Tony Tyler, Director General and CEO, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
What's hot (18)
recruitment and performance appraisal at air india ltd
recruitment and performance appraisal at air india ltd
Viewers also liked
Wholesale Presentation
This document summarizes the benefits of direct systematic investing for advisors, businesses, and clients. For advisors, it provides justification for fees, allows a focus on strategy over transactions, and offers a point of differentiation. For businesses, it enables scalable boutique advice, the ability to capture higher net worth clients, and a value-add service. For clients, it provides clear fees and services, transparency of investment outcomes, and a differentiated approach. The strategy attributes include no forecasting, adaptive momentum triggers, cash protection in downturns, and the ability to operate on any market.
Información "El banco de trujillo"
El documento enumera las denominaciones de los billetes emitidos por el Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, incluyendo billetes de 10 centavos, 20 centavos, 50 centavos, 1 sol, 5 soles, 50 soles y 100 soles.
Irda
The document discusses the role and powers of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) in regulating the private insurance industry in India. IRDA was established by the parliament to promote orderly growth of the insurance and reinsurance business. It regulates all aspects of the insurance business including licensing requirements for new insurers, investment guidelines, product approvals, solvency norms, and grievance redressal systems. All private insurers must comply with IRDA's regulations and guidelines to ensure policyholders' interests are protected.
Super foods to lose weight.
Blueberries can help lower blood sugar, blood fat levels, and reduce waist size which helps with weight loss. They contain antioxidants that make you look younger and help burn fat. The document recommends learning more about blueberries and other super foods that aid in weight loss.
Presentation1
Researchers have developed a technique to breed chickens that produce drugs in their egg whites. They insert genes for specific pharmaceutical proteins into the chicken gene for ovalbumin, which makes up 54% of egg whites. This allows the drugs to be produced directly in the egg whites. They have successfully bred chickens to produce monoclonal antibodies for melanoma and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis through this method. The goal is for people to be able to obtain medications by consuming the drug-containing egg whites.
About my work
Victoriya Kulchicka works in human resources in her village and enjoys helping people through advice. Her work involves using a computer, so she tries to take breaks from it. She hopes her work is useful and brings her pleasure. She describes her colleague Galya Moskovets, who she has worked with for five years in social services. Galya is responsible, active, creative, delicate, and keeps her promises. She has her own position and others listen to her advice. Galya has hobbies like knitting and gardening and a big friendly family.
Gustavo
El documento contiene información biográfica sobre tres personas relacionadas con el fútbol que nacieron el 31 de julio: Gustavo Mendez, un jugador amateur argentino cuyo deporte favorito es el fútbol; Eduardo Tuzzio, un defensor argentino que juega actualmente para Independiente; e Ignacio Flores, un defensa mexicano que jugó su carrera completa para Cruz Azul.
Mira la foto!!!_calcuta
El documento contiene una oración atribuida a Madre Teresa de Calcuta y pide a los receptores que la compartan con 18 personas en 15 minutos y se la devuelvan al remitente, afirmando que entenderán el motivo.
Researching the market place
This document summarizes information about several music magazines, including their prices, publication frequencies, issue sizes, regular content sections, and sample feature articles. The magazines described are NME, Q, Rolling Stone, Uncut, Mojo, and The Wire. For each magazine, details are provided about its price, how often it is published, typical page count, and some regular departments or inclusions such as reviews, interviews, or subscriber perks. Example feature stories from recent or upcoming issues of each publication are also listed.
Iso 9001 documentation
The document provides information about ISO 9001 documentation requirements and tips for compliance, including examples of common ISO 9001 documentation forms, checklists, and procedures. It also lists various quality management tools that can be used for ISO 9001 documentation, such as Ishikawa diagrams, histograms, Pareto charts, scatter plots, check sheets, and control charts. Other related topics like ISO 9001 certification, requirements, training, and standards are also mentioned.
Cost justifying mobile solutions
The document discusses the challenges of integrating unified communications, mobility, collaboration tools and applications. It notes there are many vendors and technologies available but the solution needs to be tailored specifically for each organization. It emphasizes that the focus should be on how these tools improve business processes and productivity rather than any single platform. A key challenge is supporting mobile needs which differ from enterprise tools. The optimal solution allows users access to information and real-time communication both inside and outside the office. It concludes that with proper integration, companies can save money, better serve customers, retain employees and differentiate themselves from competitors.
Viewers also liked (13)
Similar to News 18 22 oct
Indian Economic Status Newsletter June 2013
Indian Economic Status Newsletter June 2013 - Find Indian Economic News, IIP Growth % (Index of Industrial Production) Graph, WPI % Growth (Wholesale Price Index) Graph, Corporate Headlines and Who’s Expanding in India
New vishap
The proposed second airport for Mumbai, the Navi Mumbai airport, is likely to receive final clearance within a month. The environmental concerns have been mostly addressed by moving the airport slightly south and relocating the non-aeronautical components without compromising the aeronautical elements. India won its 28th gold medal at the Commonwealth Games in the wrestling 66kg category and in individual recurve archery. Many Indian private sector companies have become world class but government services generally remain inefficient, while the privately built Delhi Airport Terminal 3 was a success and ready on time for the Games.
Weekly news 5
The document provides a weekly summary of business news from India. It discusses several topics:
- 7 of the top 10 companies in India added over Rs. 33k crore to their market capitalization, with ONGC gaining the most.
- The International Air Transport Association expects Indian airlines to reduce their combined losses to $400 million in 2010.
- Canara Bank, HSBC Insurance and OBC will invest another Rs. 100 crore in their life insurance venture to fund expansion plans.
- Reliance Industries published annual reports for 82 of its 96 subsidiaries but its corporate structure remains complex.
Weekly newsletter
The document summarizes recent economic and business news headlines from India. It discusses Loop Telecom's plans to wind down operations in areas where it lost licenses, the resolution of a legal battle between SEBI and MCX exchange, and Mahindra & Mahindra's plans to develop a hybrid vehicle for the Indian market. It also mentions the financial restructuring approved for Air India and recent industrial production numbers, which showed sluggish growth.
Offshoring And Outsourcing In India The Global Business Debate
The document discusses offshoring and outsourcing trends in India. It notes that India has become a major destination for outsourcing due to its large English-speaking workforce, low costs that are 40-50% lower than Western countries, and growing talent pool of over 3 million graduates annually. Major sectors like IT, BPO, engineering and manufacturing have offshored activities to India, driven by factors like wage arbitrage and access to skills. India now captures over half the global BPO market and is moving up the value chain into knowledge services.
Make in india (1)
The document provides an overview of India's "Make in India" initiative to promote manufacturing in India. Some key points:
- Make in India was launched in 2014 to encourage foreign and domestic companies to manufacture in India and boost innovation. It has helped India become a top destination for foreign direct investment.
- India is projected to have the fastest growing major economy in the world over the next several years, making it an attractive location for manufacturing.
- The initiative aims to boost job creation and skill development while improving infrastructure and business processes to make India an easier place to do business. Key sectors being targeted include automobiles, aviation, defence, electronics, food processing, and pharmaceuticals.
India Emerging
The document provides an overview of the Indian economy as an emerging global power. It notes that India is the 10th most industrialized country and 4th largest economy by GDP at purchasing power parity. Some key points include:
- India has a strong services sector accounting for over 50% of GDP, with industry and agriculture making up the remainder.
- The economy has experienced strong real GDP growth of over 9% in recent years and corporate earnings growth over 20%.
- Projections estimate India's GDP will surpass Japan's by 2032 and per capita income will increase 35-fold by 2050, cementing India as the third largest economy.
India Emerging
The document provides an overview of the Indian economy as an emerging global power. It notes that India is the 10th most industrialized country and 4th largest economy by GDP at purchasing power parity. Some key points are:
- India has a strong services sector accounting for over 50% of GDP, with industry and agriculture making up the remainder.
- The economy has experienced strong real GDP growth of over 9% in recent years, with corporate earnings growth over 20%.
- Projections estimate India's GDP will surpass Japan's by 2032 and per capita income will increase 35-fold by 2050, cementing India as the third largest economy.
fundamental and technical analysis of capital goods sector
The document contains information about 6 group members working on a project about the capital goods sector. It then provides details on the capital goods sector including its introduction, current scenario, budget details, future growth, and challenges. It discusses two companies, Bharat Electronics Limited and Honeywell Automation India Limited, providing their introduction, products, vision, and mission. It also includes a ratio analysis comparing the two companies. The document ends with recommendations for Larsen & Turbo and Gammon India Ltd based on ratio and technical analysis.
Iocl gst report
Sharing my report with all of you ,to help you skip your hard work.
Thank me at apreenza@gmail.com if this was helpful.
Weekly news 5
Mahindra Satyam will delist from the NYSE after realizing it cannot meet financial reporting deadlines. This caused a 26% drop in its ADRs and a 6% drop in its domestic shares.
A media report claimed that India bribed 72 Commonwealth countries $100,000 each to win the hosting rights for the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games. Australia allegedly received a $125,000 kickback.
Tata Motors will launch the Aria, a crossover vehicle built by Indian engineers, within a month. It is expected to be priced around Rs. 10 lakh and will compete with the Toyota Innova and Mahindra Xylo.
Security agencies have approved of BlackBerry maker
Demystifying The Indian Tiger P.R. Ramash Deloitte India
The document summarizes the key priorities and reforms planned by the newly elected Indian government. It discusses sectors like infrastructure, aviation, telecom, power, oil and gas, and education that the government intends to focus on. The government plans major capacity additions in areas like power and roads. It also wants to accelerate the pace of reforms, project clearances and disinvestments of public sector units. The outlook remains positive given India's growth rates and the stable government's ability to implement reforms.
Et news daman
Tata Motors has surpassed Reliance Industries to become India's most valuable brand, with a valuation of $8.45 billion compared to Reliance's $7.04 billion. Tata Group also donated $50 million to Harvard Business School, the largest gift ever received from an international donor, which will be used to build a new academic building named Tata Hall. Additionally, Domino's Pizza Japan is hiring one person for one hour of work at a rate of 2,500,000 yen ($31,030) to celebrate the company's 25th anniversary in Japan.
Manufacturing.Ppt
The document discusses India's manufacturing sector and its value proposition. It notes that India has a large domestic market, low-cost skilled labor, and favorable government policies that have helped manufacturing contribute significantly to the economy and make India an attractive destination for foreign investment. The manufacturing sector is expected to grow rapidly over the next decade, with key sectors like automotive, pharmaceuticals, and food processing driving growth.
Indian automobile industry growth, challenges, opportunities
The document discusses the growth, challenges, and opportunities of the Indian automobile industry. It notes that India will be a major driver of automotive production growth, especially in the important B segment. The industry is expected to become the world's third largest by 2030. However, the industry faces challenges such as suppliers needing to scale up more quickly than in China and having issues with quality, processes, and testing. The government has introduced initiatives to encourage more fuel efficient vehicles and increase foreign investment. Overall the trends point to reductions in trade barriers and a growing market.
2-presentation-on-make-in-india.pdf
The document discusses India's Make in India initiative which aims to transform India into a global manufacturing hub and raise the share of manufacturing in India's GDP to 25% by 2022. It highlights India's large market size and skilled labor, growing infrastructure, and enabling policies to attract foreign investment and boost manufacturing. Key sectors being promoted under Make in India include automobiles, aviation, biotechnology, chemicals, construction, defense, electronics, food processing, leather, media and entertainment, mining, oil and gas, ports, railways, and IT/BPM.
India
India is an ancient civilization with over 5,000 years of history and a population of over 1.3 billion people. It is the world's largest democracy and fourth largest economy. India has a diverse landscape with 18 official languages and is a global leader in various industries such as information technology, pharmaceuticals, and film. Major foreign companies such as General Electric, IBM, and Microsoft have large research and development centers in India, recognizing it as a technology superpower.
Weekly news 5
Mahindra Satyam will delist from the NYSE after realizing it cannot meet financial reporting deadlines under US accounting standards, triggering a 26% fall in its ADRs. A report claims India bribed 72 Commonwealth countries to host the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games. Tata Motors will launch the Aria crossover within a month, expected to be priced around 10 lakh rupees to compete with the Toyota Innova and Mahindra Xylo.
Project
This document summarizes opportunities and challenges for foreign companies investing in India under the Make in India initiative. It outlines benefits like a large market, low costs, and simplified regulations. Challenges include infrastructure issues, regulatory complexity, and cultural adaptation. Success stories of Xiaomi, Hyundai, and ABB expanding in India are provided. Future opportunities exist in automotive, pharmaceuticals, and electric vehicles. Asus, Boeing, and L'Oreal are new companies setting up manufacturing in India.
Indo Japan Trade Investment Bulletin February 2013
The document provides a summary of recent Indo-Japan trade and investment news from February 2013. It highlights that India and Japan agreed to form an ICT working group to boost bilateral trade. It also notes several Japanese companies expanding in India, including Nissan doubling sales, YKK AP acquiring an aluminum business, and 7-Eleven considering entering the Indian ATM market. Additionally, it summarizes norms in India's Companies Bill regarding mandatory corporate social responsibility spending.
Similar to News 18 22 oct (20)
Offshoring And Outsourcing In India The Global Business Debate
Offshoring And Outsourcing In India The Global Business Debate
fundamental and technical analysis of capital goods sector
fundamental and technical analysis of capital goods sector
Demystifying The Indian Tiger P.R. Ramash Deloitte India
Demystifying The Indian Tiger P.R. Ramash Deloitte India
Indian automobile industry growth, challenges, opportunities
Indian automobile industry growth, challenges, opportunities
Indo Japan Trade Investment Bulletin February 2013
Indo Japan Trade Investment Bulletin February 2013
Recently uploaded
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneWound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdBeyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
News 18 22 oct
- 2. Three private equity firms of US are likely to acquire 15-18% stake of hero honda. China’s exchange rate policy, which is under growing attack, could fig. high on the agenda of the upcoming G20 meeting. Esprit to open franchise-based outlets for retail push
- 3. Sikh Americans agog over Obama’s Amritser trip Export oriented apparel firms expanding in India Spice mobility to spend Rs 25 crore in marketing MHA asks telcos to store text messages for 6 months
- 4. Future group, everonn to offer training in retail Britannia enters baked snacks mkt with timepass D & G makes debut in the boxing ring Canon targets $1 billion turnover in India by 2015
- 5. Aegis acquires BPO in Argentina China grows slowest in a year at 9.6% Tcs logs $2b revenues in Q2, net jumps 32% ATS Group plans Rs 2kcr mega township project near Chandigarh
- 6. Job Highlights (16 October 10 - 22 October 10) Union Public Service Commission notifies National Defence Academy and Naval Academy Examination (I), 2011. Reserve Bank of India Services Board, Mumbai requires Officers in Grade ‘B’ (General). Steel Authority of India Limited requires Management Trainees (Technical) and Management Trainees (Administration). Central Agricultural University, Umphal invites applications for various posts. The Indian Navy invites applications from unmarried Male Indian Citizens for Short Service Commission (SSC) as Pilots in the Executive Branch. The Indian Navy invites Engineers to join the Indian Navy as Short Service Commissioned Officers in Technical Branches.
- 7. The Indian Navy invites applications from unmarried Men and Women candidate for Short Service Commission (Observer Officer) in the Aviation Cadre of Executive Branch. Engineer Stores Depot, Delhi Cant invites applications for various posts. Air India Air Transport Services Limited requires Sr. Ramp Service Agents, Ramp Service Agents and Customer Agents. Delhi Development Authority requires applications for Assistant Director, Asstt. Landscape Architect and Programmer. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata requires Scientists. Office of the Principal Accountant General, West Bengal requires applications for the posts of Multi Tasking Staff. Gail (India) Limited, New Delhi requires applications for Chief Managers, Sr. Managers and Managers posts.