Keberhasilan Selandia Baru dalam mengatasi penyebaran Covid-19 pada gelombang pertama menjadi pelajaran berharga bagi negara-negara di seluruh dunia dalam merancang sebuah strategi kebijakan mengatasi Covid-19
This document provides an overview of COVID-19 including its timeline, transmission, presentation, epidemiology, prevention, and containment plan. It discusses that COVID-19 is a respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. It outlines the timeline of the outbreak beginning in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It also discusses transmission modes, signs and symptoms, disease progression, prevention strategies like isolation, quarantine, hand hygiene, and use of personal protective equipment.
Zika virus was first identified in 1947 but was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak in Brazil. The virus is transmitted by mosquitos and can cause microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers. India has now reported its first three cases of Zika virus, including two pregnant women who delivered healthy babies. While most Zika infections do not cause symptoms, it is important to continue surveillance and research to better understand the virus and prevent transmission.
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
Sanjay Mehta, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
Tweeting fever can twitter be used to Monitor the Incidence of Dengue-Like Il...Muhammad Habibi
This document summarizes a study that investigated whether Twitter could be used as a data source for monitoring dengue-like illness in the Philippines. The study found that a small number of tweets mentioning dengue-like illness in individuals could be identified from Twitter data. More importantly, the temporal distribution of these "dengue-like" tweets was similar to reported cases of dengue-like illness in the same region, suggesting Twitter could provide a valid data source for monitoring trends in dengue incidence. With further development, tweets could potentially be incorporated into an electronic disease surveillance system to provide timely monitoring of outbreaks.
This slide presentation historically, statistically and attractively explains various vaccines for covid19 available in India. (Please update the statistical data to current values)
This document provides an overview of COVID-19 including its timeline, transmission, presentation, epidemiology, prevention, and containment plan. It discusses that COVID-19 is a respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. It outlines the timeline of the outbreak beginning in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It also discusses transmission modes, signs and symptoms, disease progression, prevention strategies like isolation, quarantine, hand hygiene, and use of personal protective equipment.
Zika virus was first identified in 1947 but was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak in Brazil. The virus is transmitted by mosquitos and can cause microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers. India has now reported its first three cases of Zika virus, including two pregnant women who delivered healthy babies. While most Zika infections do not cause symptoms, it is important to continue surveillance and research to better understand the virus and prevent transmission.
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
Sanjay Mehta, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
Tweeting fever can twitter be used to Monitor the Incidence of Dengue-Like Il...Muhammad Habibi
This document summarizes a study that investigated whether Twitter could be used as a data source for monitoring dengue-like illness in the Philippines. The study found that a small number of tweets mentioning dengue-like illness in individuals could be identified from Twitter data. More importantly, the temporal distribution of these "dengue-like" tweets was similar to reported cases of dengue-like illness in the same region, suggesting Twitter could provide a valid data source for monitoring trends in dengue incidence. With further development, tweets could potentially be incorporated into an electronic disease surveillance system to provide timely monitoring of outbreaks.
This slide presentation historically, statistically and attractively explains various vaccines for covid19 available in India. (Please update the statistical data to current values)
A little understood but devastating viral disease fought with political means for economic destruction and gains. With so many vaccines to be used at the face of the pandemic to violate all norms of disease control. Masses are panicked to make useless buying and hoarding to stimulate blackmarketing.
An outbreak of varicella occurred at a hospital affecting patients and staff. Initial cases included two pediatric patients presenting with rash at the ER. Additional cases soon followed including an intern, resident, fellow and physical therapist exposed to the initial cases. Contact tracing identified over 30 exposed or potentially exposed individuals. An investigation was launched following standardized steps including confirming the diagnosis, establishing case definitions, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis with additional epidemiological data, recommending control measures and announcing results. Control measures included isolation, vaccination, work restrictions and surveillance to interrupt transmission and protect susceptible individuals.
The document summarizes the latest information on the COVID-19 global situation and the Omicron variant of concern. It notes that as of December 10th, over 262 million cases and 5.2 million deaths have been reported worldwide. Omicron was designated a variant of concern by the WHO in November due to evidence of increased transmissibility. While more data is needed, preliminary evidence suggests Omicron may lead to increased reinfection risk compared to other variants. Countries are urged to continue public health measures and increase vaccination coverage to reduce virus spread.
mpact of MenZB on the incidence of gonorrhoea and potential future implications for cost effectiveness of teenage meningococcal vaccination
https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
Coronavirus ( COVID19 ) CSD ICT Center Global curriculumHaein Shin
Public Health Concern: Coronavirus COVID-19 information share for ICT Center Global trainees.
ICT Center Global Model is a program by Center for Sustainable Development (CSD) at Earth Institute, Columbia University and Infrastructure for Sustainable Development (i4SD)
Corona virus global report covid 19 recently world is very dangerous position with this coronavirus named as covid 19 this is the WHO report on symptoms
This webinar is organized by MyICID and Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH, Ministry of Health in conjunction with Neglected Tropical Disease Day 2022. The purpose of this webinar is to refresh and update our knowledge on Dengue fever, which has been overshadowed by COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic.
Presenter: Dr Norhayati Mokhtar, Public Health Physician at the Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
#dengue #WorldNTDDay #BeatNTDs
This document provides information about COVID-19 vaccines, including their development process and types. It discusses the phases of clinical drug trials, with Phase 1 trials testing safety in a small group and Phase 3 trials comparing the new vaccine to the standard treatment in thousands of participants. The document also outlines regulatory bodies involved in vaccine development and describes two main types - mRNA vaccines, which introduce mRNA coding for the antigen, and viral vector vaccines, which use another virus to produce the spike protein antigen.
COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control (IPC)Updesh Yadav
The document provides information on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), including that it is a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously infected humans. Coronaviruses can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS. COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has since spread to many other countries. The incubation period is estimated to be 1-12.5 days, with common symptoms including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets from infected individuals or contact with contaminated surfaces. There is currently no vaccine available.
This editorial discusses the UK government's decision to extend the interval between the first and second doses of the Pfizer and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines from 3 weeks to 12 weeks. While this was intended to maximize the number of people receiving initial doses due to vaccine supply limitations, the editorial notes that vaccine efficacy data from trials only supports a 21-day dosing schedule. It examines the evidence cited for the extended interval and potential implications, concluding there is incomplete evidence to justify the policy change given concerns about prolonged protection from the first dose alone and decreased public confidence in the vaccines.
Fred Brown has extensive experience leading responses to epidemics. He summarizes the COVID-19 pandemic as exceptionally dangerous due to widespread lack of immunity and high contagiousness. Strong social distancing has slowed the virus's exponential growth but devastates economies. Three restoration strategies are suggested: developing a vaccine, allowing herd immunity through widespread infection, or managing social behavior to minimize risk while restoring some economic activity over several years. The last option, a "marathon" approach, is argued to be the safest strategy.
WEBINAR REPLAY: One Year On: COVID-19, Rapid Testing, Vaccines, and a Return ...Charis Whitbourne
Dr. Don Sin, Director of the Centre for Heart Lung Innovation at St. Pauls Hospital, joined CEO John Nicola to share his experience working through a global pandemic and his work in the development and implementation of a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic test for COVID-19.
In this insightful discussion, they also talked about the vaccines, thoughts on government responses, what to be mindful of with the variants and the path to a return back to “normal” society.
Why third wave of Covid-19 will occur?
Who are at Risk ?
Why it will affect Children,
What are symptoms and clinical features
How to diagnose and treat children?
How to prevent?
What are Preventive measures ?
The document discusses training nurses to care for patients during epidemics and pandemics. It emphasizes the importance of infection control practices like universal precautions, proper sanitation, and use of personal protective equipment. Hospitals need emergency response plans that include staff education, isolation protocols, environmental cleaning, and collaborating with public health authorities during infectious disease outbreaks. Primary healthcare is a priority that needs to be strengthened to improve preparedness and response to future health crises.
- Proma, a 13-year-old girl from Bangladesh, was hospitalized with meningitis symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with tuberculosis meningitis. She remains severely disabled two years later.
- The presentation discussed an ongoing meningitis surveillance program in Bangladesh that aims to describe disease burden and identify causative agents. However, over 50% of cases have unknown etiologies.
- An initial study using metagenomic sequencing on stored CSF samples identified diverse pathogens in positive controls and solved several "mystery meningitis" cases, including mumps virus, Bacillus cereus, and Chikungunya virus.
- Follow-up of 10 solved cases found varying outcomes, from
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.
Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special treatment.
HOW IT SPREADS
The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. These droplets are too heavy to hang in the air, and quickly fall on floors or surfaces.
You can be infected by breathing in the virus if you are within close proximity of someone who has COVID-19, or by touching a contaminated surface and then your eyes, nose or mouth.
Global & Malaysia data has consistently shown that after 2 doses of Sinovac, a Pfizer/AstraZeneca booster is more effective than a 3rd dose of Sinovac, especially Omicron. And despite a third dose of Sinovac, levels of ‘neutralizing’ antibodies, tend to remain low.
- A new study found that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone, without the rest of the virus, is enough to damage cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor and disrupting cell signaling and mitochondria. This may be responsible for some long-haul COVID symptoms.
- However, early treatment of high-risk COVID patients within 5 days has been shown to reduce long-haul symptoms and death rates to just 0.1%.
- A recent study found that people who had mild COVID infections developed long-lasting antibodies and immune cells that could protect against reinfection for years, demonstrating that natural immunity is effective and long-lasting.
The document discusses the theoretical framework for understanding the impact of implementing Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in Alion, Mariveles. It reviews relevant theories and literature on quarantine and pandemics. Studies show that quarantine can effectively reduce transmission by isolating cases, but it also has economic and psychological costs. The conceptual framework identifies independent variables like age, sex, and socioeconomic status, and dependent variables like perception of the quarantine's informativeness and security. The hypothesis is that these factors may influence perceptions of the quarantine's effectiveness.
Critical preparedness, readiness and response actionsssuser7bf75d
The document provides interim guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) on critical preparedness, readiness, and response actions for COVID-19. It outlines seven categories for transmission scenarios, from "no cases" to different levels of "community transmission." Countries should prepare to respond to all scenarios at sub-national levels. The guidance describes actions needed for each scenario, with hyperlinks to relevant WHO technical documents. It emphasizes continuing measures to slow transmission, prevent overwhelmed health systems, and protect at-risk groups, while recognizing national responses must be tailored and will evolve as understanding of COVID-19 increases.
A little understood but devastating viral disease fought with political means for economic destruction and gains. With so many vaccines to be used at the face of the pandemic to violate all norms of disease control. Masses are panicked to make useless buying and hoarding to stimulate blackmarketing.
An outbreak of varicella occurred at a hospital affecting patients and staff. Initial cases included two pediatric patients presenting with rash at the ER. Additional cases soon followed including an intern, resident, fellow and physical therapist exposed to the initial cases. Contact tracing identified over 30 exposed or potentially exposed individuals. An investigation was launched following standardized steps including confirming the diagnosis, establishing case definitions, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis with additional epidemiological data, recommending control measures and announcing results. Control measures included isolation, vaccination, work restrictions and surveillance to interrupt transmission and protect susceptible individuals.
The document summarizes the latest information on the COVID-19 global situation and the Omicron variant of concern. It notes that as of December 10th, over 262 million cases and 5.2 million deaths have been reported worldwide. Omicron was designated a variant of concern by the WHO in November due to evidence of increased transmissibility. While more data is needed, preliminary evidence suggests Omicron may lead to increased reinfection risk compared to other variants. Countries are urged to continue public health measures and increase vaccination coverage to reduce virus spread.
mpact of MenZB on the incidence of gonorrhoea and potential future implications for cost effectiveness of teenage meningococcal vaccination
https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
Coronavirus ( COVID19 ) CSD ICT Center Global curriculumHaein Shin
Public Health Concern: Coronavirus COVID-19 information share for ICT Center Global trainees.
ICT Center Global Model is a program by Center for Sustainable Development (CSD) at Earth Institute, Columbia University and Infrastructure for Sustainable Development (i4SD)
Corona virus global report covid 19 recently world is very dangerous position with this coronavirus named as covid 19 this is the WHO report on symptoms
This webinar is organized by MyICID and Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH, Ministry of Health in conjunction with Neglected Tropical Disease Day 2022. The purpose of this webinar is to refresh and update our knowledge on Dengue fever, which has been overshadowed by COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic.
Presenter: Dr Norhayati Mokhtar, Public Health Physician at the Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
#dengue #WorldNTDDay #BeatNTDs
This document provides information about COVID-19 vaccines, including their development process and types. It discusses the phases of clinical drug trials, with Phase 1 trials testing safety in a small group and Phase 3 trials comparing the new vaccine to the standard treatment in thousands of participants. The document also outlines regulatory bodies involved in vaccine development and describes two main types - mRNA vaccines, which introduce mRNA coding for the antigen, and viral vector vaccines, which use another virus to produce the spike protein antigen.
COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control (IPC)Updesh Yadav
The document provides information on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), including that it is a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously infected humans. Coronaviruses can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS. COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has since spread to many other countries. The incubation period is estimated to be 1-12.5 days, with common symptoms including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets from infected individuals or contact with contaminated surfaces. There is currently no vaccine available.
This editorial discusses the UK government's decision to extend the interval between the first and second doses of the Pfizer and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines from 3 weeks to 12 weeks. While this was intended to maximize the number of people receiving initial doses due to vaccine supply limitations, the editorial notes that vaccine efficacy data from trials only supports a 21-day dosing schedule. It examines the evidence cited for the extended interval and potential implications, concluding there is incomplete evidence to justify the policy change given concerns about prolonged protection from the first dose alone and decreased public confidence in the vaccines.
Fred Brown has extensive experience leading responses to epidemics. He summarizes the COVID-19 pandemic as exceptionally dangerous due to widespread lack of immunity and high contagiousness. Strong social distancing has slowed the virus's exponential growth but devastates economies. Three restoration strategies are suggested: developing a vaccine, allowing herd immunity through widespread infection, or managing social behavior to minimize risk while restoring some economic activity over several years. The last option, a "marathon" approach, is argued to be the safest strategy.
WEBINAR REPLAY: One Year On: COVID-19, Rapid Testing, Vaccines, and a Return ...Charis Whitbourne
Dr. Don Sin, Director of the Centre for Heart Lung Innovation at St. Pauls Hospital, joined CEO John Nicola to share his experience working through a global pandemic and his work in the development and implementation of a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic test for COVID-19.
In this insightful discussion, they also talked about the vaccines, thoughts on government responses, what to be mindful of with the variants and the path to a return back to “normal” society.
Why third wave of Covid-19 will occur?
Who are at Risk ?
Why it will affect Children,
What are symptoms and clinical features
How to diagnose and treat children?
How to prevent?
What are Preventive measures ?
The document discusses training nurses to care for patients during epidemics and pandemics. It emphasizes the importance of infection control practices like universal precautions, proper sanitation, and use of personal protective equipment. Hospitals need emergency response plans that include staff education, isolation protocols, environmental cleaning, and collaborating with public health authorities during infectious disease outbreaks. Primary healthcare is a priority that needs to be strengthened to improve preparedness and response to future health crises.
- Proma, a 13-year-old girl from Bangladesh, was hospitalized with meningitis symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with tuberculosis meningitis. She remains severely disabled two years later.
- The presentation discussed an ongoing meningitis surveillance program in Bangladesh that aims to describe disease burden and identify causative agents. However, over 50% of cases have unknown etiologies.
- An initial study using metagenomic sequencing on stored CSF samples identified diverse pathogens in positive controls and solved several "mystery meningitis" cases, including mumps virus, Bacillus cereus, and Chikungunya virus.
- Follow-up of 10 solved cases found varying outcomes, from
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.
Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special treatment.
HOW IT SPREADS
The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. These droplets are too heavy to hang in the air, and quickly fall on floors or surfaces.
You can be infected by breathing in the virus if you are within close proximity of someone who has COVID-19, or by touching a contaminated surface and then your eyes, nose or mouth.
Global & Malaysia data has consistently shown that after 2 doses of Sinovac, a Pfizer/AstraZeneca booster is more effective than a 3rd dose of Sinovac, especially Omicron. And despite a third dose of Sinovac, levels of ‘neutralizing’ antibodies, tend to remain low.
- A new study found that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone, without the rest of the virus, is enough to damage cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor and disrupting cell signaling and mitochondria. This may be responsible for some long-haul COVID symptoms.
- However, early treatment of high-risk COVID patients within 5 days has been shown to reduce long-haul symptoms and death rates to just 0.1%.
- A recent study found that people who had mild COVID infections developed long-lasting antibodies and immune cells that could protect against reinfection for years, demonstrating that natural immunity is effective and long-lasting.
The document discusses the theoretical framework for understanding the impact of implementing Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in Alion, Mariveles. It reviews relevant theories and literature on quarantine and pandemics. Studies show that quarantine can effectively reduce transmission by isolating cases, but it also has economic and psychological costs. The conceptual framework identifies independent variables like age, sex, and socioeconomic status, and dependent variables like perception of the quarantine's informativeness and security. The hypothesis is that these factors may influence perceptions of the quarantine's effectiveness.
Critical preparedness, readiness and response actionsssuser7bf75d
The document provides interim guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) on critical preparedness, readiness, and response actions for COVID-19. It outlines seven categories for transmission scenarios, from "no cases" to different levels of "community transmission." Countries should prepare to respond to all scenarios at sub-national levels. The guidance describes actions needed for each scenario, with hyperlinks to relevant WHO technical documents. It emphasizes continuing measures to slow transmission, prevent overwhelmed health systems, and protect at-risk groups, while recognizing national responses must be tailored and will evolve as understanding of COVID-19 increases.
Dadang hermansyah tik smanpa bahan penanganan virus covid 10 maret 2020AKSIAnak
The document provides guidance on responding to the COVID-19 pandemic globally based on lessons learned from China's response. It recommends that all countries take urgent action to implement aggressive containment measures including early detection, isolation, contact tracing, and population education. Research efforts should be prioritized to rapidly develop diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. International cooperation is essential to control the global spread.
The document models the potential impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in the UK. It finds that without interventions, there could be 23 million cases and 350,000 deaths by December 2021. Individual interventions like school closures or physical distancing may lower transmission rates but may not be enough. A combination of interventions is more effective but lockdown measures that substantially limit contacts outside the home are needed to reduce transmission to sustainable levels and prevent overwhelming health services. Intensive lockdown periods may need to continue for much of the year to control the epidemic.
The document summarizes the problems with pursuing a "community infection approach" or widespread community spread of COVID-19 in Switzerland. It argues that this approach would cause widespread damage to health, society, and the economy for several key reasons: (1) It is unclear if and how long infection leads to lasting immunity; (2) It would lead to a massive health toll in terms of deaths and severe disease; and (3) Containing the spread until effective vaccines are available is more beneficial and in line with protecting public health.
This document provides information on the global epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19. It discusses trends in cases and deaths globally and in the US. It reviews proposed routes of transmission, including via aerosols, droplets, fomites, and the environment. The viability of SARS-CoV-2 on different surfaces is summarized. Prevention strategies like hand washing, social distancing and face coverings are also covered.
The document analyzes the impact of health policies and vaccine rollout on COVID-19 waves in Italy from March 2020 to October 2021. It finds that:
1) A full national lockdown in March 2020 helped curb the first wave, but Italy had a high case fatality rate due to an unprepared healthcare system.
2) A three-tiered restriction system introduced in November 2020 was associated with decreasing case rates during the second wave, though the fatality rate remained high due to limited vaccines.
3) Despite a third wave in early 2021, hospitalizations and deaths decreased compared to earlier waves, likely due to the increasing vaccine rollout starting in late 2020.
Covid resource india 20th april 2020 reportAkshay Kokala
A quick look at how other countries have tackled it and what we can learn from them.
Do read and share. If you would like to collaborate please write to us at contact@covidresource.in
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This document summarizes a symposium on COVID-19 vaccination. It provides an overview of COVID-19, statistics on cases and deaths globally and in India/Punjab. It discusses high-risk groups, signs and symptoms, vaccine development stages and approved vaccines. It also covers variants of concern, how vaccination works, reasons some may still get infected after vaccination due to factors like the Peltzman effect causing riskier behavior believing they are protected.
Managment Of Long Term Care In Era Covid-19komalicarol
COVID-19 gives the chance to address long-term care categories
that are sometimes disregarded and undervalued, such as nursing
and residential homes, as well as homecare. Each method of delivering long-term care must meet the highest possible standards
of ongoing care and quality of life. More study and evaluation are
needed to aid decision-making and policy-making, particularly on
the cost-effectiveness and cost-quality elements for each country,
region, or system.
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes key information about COVID-19, including its genome structure and receptor, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. It discusses how the risk of COVID-19 infection was high among study participants and increased with age, gender, and comorbidities. Finally, it outlines common control strategies like social distancing, masks, hand washing, and vaccination to prevent and slow transmission of the virus.
The PowerPoint "COVID-19 Pandemic" by Arnav Gupta is about COVID-19. It talks about where it started, how it spreads, and what countries did to stop it. It explains how it changed life and work, the problems for doctors, and how vaccines were made and given to people. It looks at new types of the virus and health problems after COVID. It ends by saying how important it is for countries to work together and learn from this.
The COVID-19 pandemic began in late 2019 after the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, China. As of June 2022, there have been over 532 million confirmed cases and 6.3 million deaths globally, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. Symptoms range from mild to deadly and include fever, cough, and fatigue. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and can be spread by those who are asymptomatic. Vaccines were approved starting in late 2020 and other preventive measures include social distancing, masks, improved ventilation, and quarantines. The pandemic caused severe social and economic impacts worldwide including the largest global recession since the Great Depression.
Developing Therapeutic Strategies & Current Knowledge on Drugs For Treatment ...LaraV1
This document discusses developing therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. It outlines three main approaches: targeting the virus's binding to host cells, targeting viral replication inside cells, and repurposing approved drugs. Several drugs are discussed, including remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin. While no consensus treatment has been found, repurposed drugs have shown promise. Continued research efforts provide hope that an effective treatment can be developed to combat this pandemic.
This document discusses best practices for infection prevention and control to minimize pandemic risk. It emphasizes maintaining lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic through ongoing best practices. These include basic hygiene, absenteeism policies, ventilation, flexible work arrangements, and incorporating infection control guidelines into workplace policies. Vaccination alone will not stop COVID-19 transmission, so public health measures must still be used, even as vaccination rates increase. The Delta variant spreads more easily, so protective measures are still needed.
Vaccination is key to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The document discusses SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, explaining its structure and how it transmits through respiratory droplets. It also summarizes COVID-19 symptoms from mild to severe, complications, and the need for vaccines to be safely and effectively delivered to as many eligible people as possible to control the pandemic.
The coronavirus pandemic of 2019–2020 is an infectious disease caused by extreme acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The virus primarily spread among people when they closely meet each other. Due to the decreased immune-compromised state, cancer patients are at high risk. Through this whitepaper, we have enlighted about the effect of the COVID-19 on cancer patients.
Covid 19 Strategic preparedness and response plan.pptxGouthamBM3
The WHO issued a strategic preparedness and response plan for COVID-19 dated February 4, 2021. As of February 7, 2021, over 105 million cases and 2.2 million deaths had been reported worldwide. The plan outlines 10 pillars for national preparedness and response, including coordination, surveillance, infection prevention, case management, and vaccination. While over 5 billion vaccines have been administered, many countries continue to face increases as variants emerge and public health measures are lifted prematurely. The crisis requires a collective global response that addresses all societal needs.
During the past 3 weeks, new major outbreaks of COVID-19 have been identified rapidly expanding in Europe, North America, Asia, and the Middle East. By March 16th, there were over 143 countries reporting cases. The WHO now characterizes COVID-19 as a pandemic. The WHO recommends countries take actions like contact tracing, promoting hygiene, preparing health systems, and postponing large gatherings. More research is still needed to understand transmission and develop treatments, but information sharing between scientists has increased global understanding of COVID-19.
Similar to New zealands covid_-19_elimination_strategy (20)
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
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TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
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New Zealand's COVID ‐19 elimination strategy
Article in The Medical journal of Australia · August 2020
DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50735
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2. MJA
2020
1
Perspective
New Zealand’s COVID-
19 elimination strategy
Compared with the mitigation and suppression approaches of most Western countries,
elimination can minimise direct health effects and offer an early return to social and economic
activity
O
n 23 March 2020, New Zealand committed
to an elimination strategy in response to the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19) pandemic.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that on 26
March, NZ would commence an intense lockdown of
the country (the highest level of a four-
level response
framework1
). At the time, NZ had just over 100
COVID-
19 cases and no deaths, so this “go early, go
hard” approach surprised many. However, there were
compelling reasons for NZ to pursue elimination.2
In this article we describe why an elimination strategy
made sense for NZ, the distinguishing features of this
approach, some of the challenges and how they can be
overcome, and where we go from here.
Elimination and other strategic choices
Until early March 2020, the NZ response to COVID-
19
followed the existing pandemic plan, which was based
on a mitigation approach for managing pandemic
influenza.3
The plan includes steps designed to slow
entry of the pandemic, prevent initial spread and then
apply physical distancing measures progressively
to flatten the curve and avoid overwhelming health
services. Because pandemic influenza cannot be
contained (except by extreme measures such as total
border closure), there was a presumption that case-
and contact-
based management would fail and the
country would inevitably progress to widespread
community transmission of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Most Western countries across Europe and North
America were following the mitigation approach.
However, it was performing poorly, with COVID-
19
cases overwhelming health services. These countries
were then switching to a suppression strategy.4
This
strategy involved intense physical distancing and
travel restrictions (lockdowns) to suppress virus
transmission. A few countries were continuing with
a version of mitigation labelled “herd immunity”, by
which they planned to manage the rate of infection
in such a way as to avoid overwhelming the health
care system and build up enough recovered and
likely immune people in the population to ultimately
interrupt virus transmission. This approach proved
difficult to manage and was largely abandoned (except
perhaps by Sweden).
Most low and middle income countries could do very
little to manage the pandemic except by applying
limited mitigation measures. Vietnam was a notable
exception, implementing stringent control measures
including quarantine, contact tracing, border controls,
school closures and traffic restrictions while case
numbers were still low. A number of island states, such
as Samoa, Tonga and the Cook Islands, adopted an
exclusion approach, primarily by closing their borders
to incoming travellers.
By early March the evidence base for elimination
was growing, with the increasing realisation that
COVID-
19 was markedly different to pandemic
influenza in terms of its transmission dynamics.5
A watershed moment was the report of the World
Health Organization joint mission to China, which
confirmed that the pandemic there had been contained
even after widespread community transmission had
commenced.6
There was also strong evidence for early
success of the elimination approach in Taiwan,7
Hong
Kong8
and South Korea.9
The concept of elimination is well known to
infectious disease epidemiologists.10
It refers to
the reduction of the incidence of a disease to zero
in a defined geographical area. While absence of
disease is the ultimate goal, elimination criteria for
highly infectious diseases such as measles allow for
occasional outbreaks or imported cases, provided
they are stamped out within a defined time period.11
By contrast, eradication means that the incidence of a
disease has been reduced to zero at the global level, at
least outside laboratories.
There is no established definition for COVID-
19
elimination. Preliminary thinking suggests that such
a definition would need to include a defined period
of absence of new cases (perhaps 28 days, which is
twice the maximum 14-
day incubation period).12
This definition would also require a high performing
surveillance system and would exclude cases infected
outside the country and detected in new arrivals
while under isolation or quarantine.12
By late July
2020, NZ had experienced no instances of community-
based transmission for more than 80 days and could
be considered to have attained elimination. This
status can take weeks or even months to achieve, and
countries could potentially move in and out of this
state depending on their success in containing the
pandemic.
Benefits and costs of elimination
At the time NZ chose an elimination strategy, the
exact nature of this response and its full justification
had not been articulated. The health impact of a
poorly contained pandemic had been modelled using
a range of scenarios,13
demonstrating clear health
gains if a widespread pandemic could be prevented
in NZ. There was also a concern to avoid repeating
the catastrophic impact of previous influenza
pandemics on Māori and to protect neighbouring
Pacific Islands.14
University of Otago,
Wellington, NZ.
michael.baker@
otago.ac.nz
doi: 10.5694/mja2.50735
Michael G Baker
Amanda Kvalsvig
Ayesha J Verrall
3. 2
Perspective
MJA
2020
2
The net economic consequences of an elimination
strategy were uncertain and extremely difficult
to estimate. An additional challenge was that
both the pandemic and its response were likely to
have a disproportionate impact on disadvantaged
populations. While an elimination strategy would
have huge economic and social costs, the alternatives
(suppression and mitigation) would almost certainly
have been far more damaging because of the need to
continue costly physical distancing measures until a
vaccine or other intervention became available.
An advantage of a successful elimination strategy
was that it would provide a medium term exit path
for a return to domestic economic activity without
the constraints of circulating SARS-
CoV-
2. Neither
mitigation nor suppression provide a firm exit
strategy, particularly given major uncertainties about
coronavirus immunity and the potential for ongoing
epidemic transmission for months to years under
some scenarios.15
As with all COVID-
19 strategies, the
ultimate exit path will depend on developing effective
vaccines and therapeutics.
Components of elimination and their
implementation
Elimination requires an array of control measures
tailored to local needs and to the transmission
characteristics of the organism concerned. For
COVID-
19, the major components are similar to
those used for pandemic control more generally. The
main difference is the intensity and timing of their
application (Box).
COVID-
19 elimination requires a very strong emphasis
on border management to keep the virus out. That
intervention would usually be combined with case
and contact management to stamp out transmission,
along with highly developed surveillance and testing
to rapidly identify cases and outbreaks. If started
early, these measures may be sufficient for elimination
without the need for lockdowns, as was achieved in
Taiwan.
An elimination strategy requires highly functioning
public health infrastructure. Similar to many
other countries, NZ has supplemented traditional
approaches with newer tools, such as the use of
digital technology to speed up contact tracing.16
The
NZ COVID Tracer app is now operational,17
although
it has yet to be used for contact tracing given the
lack of community cases. Additional surveillance
approaches can be used to provide increased assurance
of elimination (eg, sentinel surveillance, sewage
testing). However, even in the presence of a highly
sophisticated surveillance system, transmission will
continue if isolation and quarantine adherence is
suboptimal.
Barriers to successful elimination and how to
overcome them
The COVID-
19 pandemic was halted in China,
demonstrating that there are no absolute biological
barriers to its elimination.6
Having no important
animal or environmental reservoirs is a necessary
condition, and this appears to be the case for SARS-
CoV-
2 (although its actual origin in nature has not
been determined, so cases could in theory arise from
this source). The combination of high infectiousness
and presymptomatic transmission poses challenges
for control.18
Fortunately, its relatively long incubation
period (about 5 days) makes contact tracing and
quarantining effective, unlike for influenza.5
Components of pandemic control and features that distinguish an elimination strategy from mitigation and
suppression
Pandemic control system component Feature that distinguishes elimination from mitigation and suppression
Planning, coordination and logistics Potentially increased to manage intense elimination measures, including
dedicated agencies, infrastructure and trained public health workforce
Border management, including exclusion, quarantine Increased intensity is critical to creating and sustaining elimination
Case, contact and outbreak management, including
case isolation and contact tracing and quarantine
Increased intensity is critical to creating and sustaining elimination, including
expanded testing capacity and contact tracing systems and workforce
Disease surveillance, including high volume
laboratory testing and sentinel surveillance
Increased intensity is critical to creating and sustaining elimination, including
strong emphasis on rapid, sensitive case identification and additional methods
to confirm elimination
Physical distancing and movement restriction at
various levels (up to lockdown)
Ability to introduce early and intensely to suppress community transmissions
and outbreaks
Public communication to improve hand washing,
cough etiquette, mask wearing, physical distancing
Potentially increased to communicate intense elimination measures
Protecting vulnerable populations Similar, but duration will be shorter if elimination is successful
Primary care capacity Adapted to increase testing capacity
Hospital capacity (eg, expansion of intensive care
unit and ventilator capacity)
Similar, but duration will be shorter and demand less intense if elimination is
successful
Protecting health care workers Similar, but demand will be less intense if elimination is successful
Research and evaluation Potentially increased given limited evidence base for elimination measures
5. 4
Perspective
MJA
2020
3.e1
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levels_v2.pdf (viewed June 2020).
2 Baker M, Kvalsvig A, Verrall A, et al. New
Zealand’s elimination strategy for the
COVID-
19 pandemic and what is required
to make it work. N Z Med J 2020; 133:
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3 Ministry of Health. New Zealand
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G, et al. Impact of non-pharmaceutical
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A, et al. Potential health impacts
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