The document discusses various sources of new word formation, including borrowing from other languages, coining by individuals, and modifications of existing words. It outlines several methods of creation such as brand names, onomatopoeia, reduplication, derivations, compounding, shortenings, acronyms, blends, and back formations. Notably, it highlights the contributions of Thomas Crapper in popularizing the indoor toilet.

1. NEW WORD FORMATION

2. Where do new words come from? Borrowed from other languages Coined, or invented, by known or unknown persons Created from existing words

3. Coined or invented words Brand names: Ipod, Xerox, Game Boy, Kleenex, Skittles, Viagra, Hummer Onomatopoeia: meow, bang, zap, boom, sizzle, hiss, whir, rumble, thud, clang Reduplication: tick tock, flip flop, zig zag, helter skelter, hush hush

4. Coined or invented words Root creations: zonk, fun, junk, skedaddle, job, spiffy, snooze, smug, crunk

5. Words from Existing Words Derivations (Affixing): unzonk, rezonk, dezonk, zonking, zonkable, zonk city, zonkmeister, zonkproof, zonkworthy Compounding: hot dog, snail mail, mouse pad, milk shake, flash drive, keyboard, sunroof, bellhop, sidewalk

6. Words from Existing Words Shortenings: photo, lab, math, dorm, sync, max, bike, dis, champ, abs, van Acronyms: USA, FBI, MRI, IM, DVD, AWOL, PAC, NOW, radar, laser Blends: smog, brunch, electrocute, cheeseburger, sportscast, infomercial

7. Words from Existing Words Back Formations: beg, edit, typewrite, destruct, televise, emote, attrit, orientate, babysit, enthuse

8. Thomas Crapper, manufacturer and popularizer of the indoor toilet