A heat exchanger transfers energy between two or more fluids via a separating wall. Common configurations include counterflow, parallel tubes, cross-flow, and shell-and-tube designs. When applying an energy balance to a heat exchanger, kinetic and potential energy changes can be ignored, as well as heat transfer between the exchanger and surroundings. The balance simplifies to an equation relating the mass flow rates and enthalpy changes of the fluids. For a condenser example, assumptions allow the energy balance to drop certain terms and solve for the ratio of cooling water to steam mass flow rates.