Corona virus mutating continuously. Here you know about the new strains of corona virus , how they mutate and discover first and how they affect the human life.
The document discusses Ebola virus, including its outbreak history, reservoir, transmission, clinical observations, subtypes, and molecular structure. It notes that Ebola was first identified in 1976 in Sudan and Zaire. Fruit bats are believed to be the natural reservoir for the virus. Transmission occurs through contact with body fluids. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, and hemorrhaging. There are four identified subtypes. The virus has a filamentous shape and contains a single-stranded RNA genome.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Virology.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images
Austin Virology and Retrovirology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in virology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Wp4 Predicting risk via analysis of Phytophthora genome evolutionForest Research
This work package aims to understand how Phytophthora pathogens have evolved to infect and kill trees by analyzing their genome evolution, diversity in the UK, and ability to adapt to new hosts. It will sequence the genomes of 11 canker-causing, 5 tree foliage-infecting, and 10 herbaceous-infecting Phytophthora pathogens to enhance understanding of risk and compare genes across species, and sequence 3 additional weak pathogens to further the analysis. The goal is to better understand the long-term risk to forests when introductions and co-introductions of Phytophthora occur.
2020 pandemic infection of the world its cause source way of transmission and ways to prevent it in addition to increasing increasing line of defense of our selves.
This document discusses corona viruses, including their discovery in the 1960s, features such as their small size and RNA structure, and means of transmission between animals and humans. It describes the virus life cycle and how the spike protein attaches to host cells. Symptoms are outlined as well as susceptibility factors. Diagnosis involves PCR and imaging tests while treatment focuses on ventilation and symptoms due to the lack of antiviral drugs. Risk reduction emphasizes personal hygiene, social distancing and travel limits.
1. The document discusses the structure and classification of several important animal viruses: rhabdovirus, influenza virus, paramyxovirus, hepatitis B virus, and retroviruses.
2. It provides information on their genetic material, morphology from electron micrographs, and proteins. Rhabdovirus is bullet-shaped with a helical nucleocapsid. Influenza virus is spherical with segmented negative-sense RNA.
3. Paramyxovirus is spherical and polymorphic with a helical nucleocapsid. Hepatitis B virus is spherical and enveloped with circular DNA. Retroviruses have spherical cores with two copies of positive-sense RNA and the enzyme reverse transcript
Virology is the study of viruses, which are small particles that can only replicate inside living cells. Viruses are non-cellular and contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. They have capsids made of protein that surround their genomes and allow them to attach to and enter host cells. Viruses come in different shapes determined by the symmetry of their capsids, and some have envelopes containing glycoproteins. They are transmitted through various routes like direct contact, ingestion, inhalation, or mother-to-child. Viruses can be inactivated by physical means like heat and chemical treatments, though some may be resistant to certain solvents and disinfectants depending on their structure.
Viruses can be classified according to their genetic material and structure. Unlike living organisms that use DNA, viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. Their genetic material may be single- or double-stranded and linear or circular. RNA viruses must encode their own RNA polymerase enzymes, making copying errors more common than in DNA viruses and allowing RNA viruses to change and adapt more rapidly. Historically, viruses were classified based on morphology and then by nucleic acid type and structure, but the current Baltimore classification groups viruses based on how messenger RNA is generated.
The document discusses Ebola virus, including its outbreak history, reservoir, transmission, clinical observations, subtypes, and molecular structure. It notes that Ebola was first identified in 1976 in Sudan and Zaire. Fruit bats are believed to be the natural reservoir for the virus. Transmission occurs through contact with body fluids. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, and hemorrhaging. There are four identified subtypes. The virus has a filamentous shape and contains a single-stranded RNA genome.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Virology.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images
Austin Virology and Retrovirology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in virology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Wp4 Predicting risk via analysis of Phytophthora genome evolutionForest Research
This work package aims to understand how Phytophthora pathogens have evolved to infect and kill trees by analyzing their genome evolution, diversity in the UK, and ability to adapt to new hosts. It will sequence the genomes of 11 canker-causing, 5 tree foliage-infecting, and 10 herbaceous-infecting Phytophthora pathogens to enhance understanding of risk and compare genes across species, and sequence 3 additional weak pathogens to further the analysis. The goal is to better understand the long-term risk to forests when introductions and co-introductions of Phytophthora occur.
2020 pandemic infection of the world its cause source way of transmission and ways to prevent it in addition to increasing increasing line of defense of our selves.
This document discusses corona viruses, including their discovery in the 1960s, features such as their small size and RNA structure, and means of transmission between animals and humans. It describes the virus life cycle and how the spike protein attaches to host cells. Symptoms are outlined as well as susceptibility factors. Diagnosis involves PCR and imaging tests while treatment focuses on ventilation and symptoms due to the lack of antiviral drugs. Risk reduction emphasizes personal hygiene, social distancing and travel limits.
1. The document discusses the structure and classification of several important animal viruses: rhabdovirus, influenza virus, paramyxovirus, hepatitis B virus, and retroviruses.
2. It provides information on their genetic material, morphology from electron micrographs, and proteins. Rhabdovirus is bullet-shaped with a helical nucleocapsid. Influenza virus is spherical with segmented negative-sense RNA.
3. Paramyxovirus is spherical and polymorphic with a helical nucleocapsid. Hepatitis B virus is spherical and enveloped with circular DNA. Retroviruses have spherical cores with two copies of positive-sense RNA and the enzyme reverse transcript
Virology is the study of viruses, which are small particles that can only replicate inside living cells. Viruses are non-cellular and contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. They have capsids made of protein that surround their genomes and allow them to attach to and enter host cells. Viruses come in different shapes determined by the symmetry of their capsids, and some have envelopes containing glycoproteins. They are transmitted through various routes like direct contact, ingestion, inhalation, or mother-to-child. Viruses can be inactivated by physical means like heat and chemical treatments, though some may be resistant to certain solvents and disinfectants depending on their structure.
Viruses can be classified according to their genetic material and structure. Unlike living organisms that use DNA, viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. Their genetic material may be single- or double-stranded and linear or circular. RNA viruses must encode their own RNA polymerase enzymes, making copying errors more common than in DNA viruses and allowing RNA viruses to change and adapt more rapidly. Historically, viruses were classified based on morphology and then by nucleic acid type and structure, but the current Baltimore classification groups viruses based on how messenger RNA is generated.
Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) is caused by a Circovirus that contains multiple variants. The virus is spread through feces, crop secretions, skin and feathers and can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically. The virus infects tissues like the bursa of Fabricius, intestines and feathers, causing feather loss, hemorrhaging and beak and nail overgrowth or necrosis. PBFD presents as either peracute, acute or chronic forms with varying symptoms ranging from rapid death to feather dystrophy and immunosuppression over years. Control involves testing and removing infected birds from aviaries, quarantining new birds, and disinfecting facilities.
The document summarizes information about HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and can develop into AIDS if not treated. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by using condoms and avoiding risky behaviors.
- Over time, HIV can weaken the immune system to the point where opportunistic infections or cancers can occur. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS yet.
- HIV belongs to a family of retroviruses that use an enzyme to convert their RNA into host DNA, allowing them to infect and replicate within cells.
The researchers aimed to generate a full-length DNA clone of the Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) genome by combining existing partial clones. They amplified a missing middle segment of the DWV genome from infected honeybee cDNA. This middle segment will be combined with the existing 5' and 3' segments using isothermal assembly. Once assembled, the full-length DWV clone could be used to better understand how the virus functions and contributes to honeybee colony collapse.
This document summarizes research on predicting the risk of Phytophthora species via analysis of their genome evolution. Researchers sequenced the genomes of three less damaging Phytophthora species (P. europaea, P. foliorum, P. obscura) and compared their gene content to more damaging close relatives. They found 40 genes common in pathogenic species but absent in the less pathogenic species, which may be linked to virulence. Analyzing gene content could help predict which newly discovered Phytophthora species are likely to cause damage. The researchers assembled high quality genomes and estimated gene numbers were similar between the three species.
Wolbachia based strategies to control insect pests and disease vectorsIGKV, Raipur
Wolbachia is an intracellular bacteria that can manipulate the reproduction of insect hosts. It induces various effects including cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, parthenogenesis, and male-killing. These properties allow Wolbachia to spread through insect populations and are being explored for novel biocontrol strategies like incompatible insect technique, population replacement, and life-shortening of disease vectors. While the mechanisms behind various Wolbachia-induced effects are still being studied, some strategies have shown success in suppressing mosquito populations and reducing disease transmission.
This slideshow presentation tells the story of the eternal battle between viruses and bacteria. Viruses cannot replicate on their own, so they would infect other organisms to hijack cellular functions in order to produce more viral offspring. While trillions of bacteria die every day due to attack of bacteriophages, the surviving ones has evolved an elegant defense mechanism that stores pathogenic sequences (from the virus DNA) into their genome, via the 'CRISPR' (clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) region within their chromosome. The associated 'Cas' proteins paired with the RNA (expressed identifier-DNA sequences) will scan and cut out any viral DNA that matches with the stored sequences, making the virus ineffective. This makes the CRISPR/Cas system is very quick and effective tool for various bacterial detection and killing of pathogenic agents.
This document summarizes a study examining the frequency of Plasmodium vivax malaria infections among Duffy-negative individuals in Ethiopia. The study aimed to determine the proportion of Duffy-negative individuals in local populations and the frequency of P. vivax infections among these individuals. Blood samples were collected from 193 individuals at health centers and tested for malaria parasites via microscopy, nested PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR. The results found that 83.42% of individuals were infected with P. falciparum, 18.65% with P. vivax, and 2.07% with both. No infections of P. malariae or P. ovalii were detected. This study provides insights into the evolving ability of
Grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV) infects grapevines and is transmitted by the three cornered alfalfa treehopper. This study aimed to determine if certain leguminous plants commonly grown as cover crops in vineyards could also host GRBaV. Fourteen varieties of legumes were inoculated with GRBaV and tested after two and four weeks using PCR to see if they were infected. Any legumes that tested positive will be further examined to evaluate their potential as virus reservoirs that could be spread to grapevines by the treehopper. Understanding alternative hosts could provide insight into GRBaV epidemiology.
Wolbachia the biology of cytoplasmic incompatibilitybharathichellam
This bacterial studies are under research. It will much useful for agricultural industry. One can clearly understand the role of wolbachia in the arthropods and also how they reduce the population of such arthropods through cytoplasmic incompatibility.
This document provides an overview of the syllabus for a virology and mycology course. It discusses several topics that will be covered including different types of fungi and viral infections. Specifically, it outlines two units that will focus on DNA viruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). The units will examine the classification and characteristics of CMV, as well as how it is diagnosed in a laboratory through methods like culture, staining, and molecular tests.
- FIV is a lentivirus that infects cats and is a useful model for studying HIV. It has similar genomic organization, structure, replication, and pathogenesis as HIV.
- FIV infects lymphocytes and establishes a persistent infection. It remains latent in some cells and evades the immune system. Infected cats may develop immunodeficiency and die from various illnesses later.
- Developing an effective FIV vaccine has proven difficult due to the virus's ability to establish persistent infection and existence of different subtypes. Current vaccines do not fully protect against heterologous field strains of the virus.
The document discusses dengue virus, which is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever in humans. It generated a phylogenetic tree of dengue virus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 isolated from different geographic regions to examine their relationships. The tree showed that serotypes 1 and 3 were restricted to Asia while serotype 2 was found in both Asia and Central America, supporting some geographic restriction of the serotypes. It concluded that analyzing all four serotypes could provide a more comprehensive understanding of dengue virus phylogeny and global spread.
This two-page document discusses research detecting novel betacoronaviruses in bat populations in Ghana and Europe. The first page contains a figure showing the bat evolutionary lineages and species that were found to carry these novel coronaviruses. The second page provides a reference to a 2005 Science article on bat evolution.
This document discusses the replication of viruses. It describes the key steps in the viral replication process, including attachment to host cells, entry/penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, replication of the viral genome, assembly, and release. It provides details on the mechanisms and enzymes involved at each step. The replication process allows viruses to multiply inside host cells by using the host's cellular machinery to produce progeny virions.
Viruses are the smallest living organisms that can only reproduce inside host cells. They enter cells through direct membrane penetration, membrane fusion, or endocytosis. Once inside, viruses use the host cell's machinery to produce copies of themselves and infect new cells. Retroviruses contain RNA that is converted to DNA inside the host using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, allowing them to insert their genes into the host genome. A cDNA library contains all DNA copies of cellular mRNA created using reverse transcriptase and represents the complete set of genes expressed by an organism.
Dr. Stephanie Rossow - Applications of Next Generation SequencingJohn Blue
Applications of Next Generation Sequencing - Dr. Stephanie Rossow, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
Ranking global Phytophthora threats by understanding pathways, niches and tra...Forest Research
This document discusses work package 3 of a project that aims to rank global Phytophthora threats by understanding their pathways, niches, and traits. The work package involves collecting data on pathogen traits and occurrences, identifying knowledge gaps, modeling risks, and learning from past invasion patterns. Key outcomes will be informing risk assessments, mapping risk areas in the UK, and understanding links between traits and invasion processes.
The document summarizes key information about coronaviruses and COVID-19. It discusses the origins of the 2019 outbreak in Wuhan, China. It describes coronaviruses and their structures. It provides histories of past coronavirus outbreaks like SARS and MERS. It also covers transmission methods of COVID-19, symptoms, testing, variants that have emerged, vaccines developed, and prevention methods.
This TV program discusses concerns about COVID-19 vaccines, including their potential long term health effects and ingredients. It presents the view that vaccines are part of a global plan involving digital identification and could be linked to biblical prophecies around the "mark of the beast". The hosts explain the vaccines contain graphene oxide and fetal tissues among other things. They claim the goal is mass experimentation and conditioning for digital tracking. The program urges people to research these issues and make informed choices about vaccination.
Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) is caused by a Circovirus that contains multiple variants. The virus is spread through feces, crop secretions, skin and feathers and can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically. The virus infects tissues like the bursa of Fabricius, intestines and feathers, causing feather loss, hemorrhaging and beak and nail overgrowth or necrosis. PBFD presents as either peracute, acute or chronic forms with varying symptoms ranging from rapid death to feather dystrophy and immunosuppression over years. Control involves testing and removing infected birds from aviaries, quarantining new birds, and disinfecting facilities.
The document summarizes information about HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and can develop into AIDS if not treated. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by using condoms and avoiding risky behaviors.
- Over time, HIV can weaken the immune system to the point where opportunistic infections or cancers can occur. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS yet.
- HIV belongs to a family of retroviruses that use an enzyme to convert their RNA into host DNA, allowing them to infect and replicate within cells.
The researchers aimed to generate a full-length DNA clone of the Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) genome by combining existing partial clones. They amplified a missing middle segment of the DWV genome from infected honeybee cDNA. This middle segment will be combined with the existing 5' and 3' segments using isothermal assembly. Once assembled, the full-length DWV clone could be used to better understand how the virus functions and contributes to honeybee colony collapse.
This document summarizes research on predicting the risk of Phytophthora species via analysis of their genome evolution. Researchers sequenced the genomes of three less damaging Phytophthora species (P. europaea, P. foliorum, P. obscura) and compared their gene content to more damaging close relatives. They found 40 genes common in pathogenic species but absent in the less pathogenic species, which may be linked to virulence. Analyzing gene content could help predict which newly discovered Phytophthora species are likely to cause damage. The researchers assembled high quality genomes and estimated gene numbers were similar between the three species.
Wolbachia based strategies to control insect pests and disease vectorsIGKV, Raipur
Wolbachia is an intracellular bacteria that can manipulate the reproduction of insect hosts. It induces various effects including cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, parthenogenesis, and male-killing. These properties allow Wolbachia to spread through insect populations and are being explored for novel biocontrol strategies like incompatible insect technique, population replacement, and life-shortening of disease vectors. While the mechanisms behind various Wolbachia-induced effects are still being studied, some strategies have shown success in suppressing mosquito populations and reducing disease transmission.
This slideshow presentation tells the story of the eternal battle between viruses and bacteria. Viruses cannot replicate on their own, so they would infect other organisms to hijack cellular functions in order to produce more viral offspring. While trillions of bacteria die every day due to attack of bacteriophages, the surviving ones has evolved an elegant defense mechanism that stores pathogenic sequences (from the virus DNA) into their genome, via the 'CRISPR' (clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) region within their chromosome. The associated 'Cas' proteins paired with the RNA (expressed identifier-DNA sequences) will scan and cut out any viral DNA that matches with the stored sequences, making the virus ineffective. This makes the CRISPR/Cas system is very quick and effective tool for various bacterial detection and killing of pathogenic agents.
This document summarizes a study examining the frequency of Plasmodium vivax malaria infections among Duffy-negative individuals in Ethiopia. The study aimed to determine the proportion of Duffy-negative individuals in local populations and the frequency of P. vivax infections among these individuals. Blood samples were collected from 193 individuals at health centers and tested for malaria parasites via microscopy, nested PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR. The results found that 83.42% of individuals were infected with P. falciparum, 18.65% with P. vivax, and 2.07% with both. No infections of P. malariae or P. ovalii were detected. This study provides insights into the evolving ability of
Grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV) infects grapevines and is transmitted by the three cornered alfalfa treehopper. This study aimed to determine if certain leguminous plants commonly grown as cover crops in vineyards could also host GRBaV. Fourteen varieties of legumes were inoculated with GRBaV and tested after two and four weeks using PCR to see if they were infected. Any legumes that tested positive will be further examined to evaluate their potential as virus reservoirs that could be spread to grapevines by the treehopper. Understanding alternative hosts could provide insight into GRBaV epidemiology.
Wolbachia the biology of cytoplasmic incompatibilitybharathichellam
This bacterial studies are under research. It will much useful for agricultural industry. One can clearly understand the role of wolbachia in the arthropods and also how they reduce the population of such arthropods through cytoplasmic incompatibility.
This document provides an overview of the syllabus for a virology and mycology course. It discusses several topics that will be covered including different types of fungi and viral infections. Specifically, it outlines two units that will focus on DNA viruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). The units will examine the classification and characteristics of CMV, as well as how it is diagnosed in a laboratory through methods like culture, staining, and molecular tests.
- FIV is a lentivirus that infects cats and is a useful model for studying HIV. It has similar genomic organization, structure, replication, and pathogenesis as HIV.
- FIV infects lymphocytes and establishes a persistent infection. It remains latent in some cells and evades the immune system. Infected cats may develop immunodeficiency and die from various illnesses later.
- Developing an effective FIV vaccine has proven difficult due to the virus's ability to establish persistent infection and existence of different subtypes. Current vaccines do not fully protect against heterologous field strains of the virus.
The document discusses dengue virus, which is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever in humans. It generated a phylogenetic tree of dengue virus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 isolated from different geographic regions to examine their relationships. The tree showed that serotypes 1 and 3 were restricted to Asia while serotype 2 was found in both Asia and Central America, supporting some geographic restriction of the serotypes. It concluded that analyzing all four serotypes could provide a more comprehensive understanding of dengue virus phylogeny and global spread.
This two-page document discusses research detecting novel betacoronaviruses in bat populations in Ghana and Europe. The first page contains a figure showing the bat evolutionary lineages and species that were found to carry these novel coronaviruses. The second page provides a reference to a 2005 Science article on bat evolution.
This document discusses the replication of viruses. It describes the key steps in the viral replication process, including attachment to host cells, entry/penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, replication of the viral genome, assembly, and release. It provides details on the mechanisms and enzymes involved at each step. The replication process allows viruses to multiply inside host cells by using the host's cellular machinery to produce progeny virions.
Viruses are the smallest living organisms that can only reproduce inside host cells. They enter cells through direct membrane penetration, membrane fusion, or endocytosis. Once inside, viruses use the host cell's machinery to produce copies of themselves and infect new cells. Retroviruses contain RNA that is converted to DNA inside the host using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, allowing them to insert their genes into the host genome. A cDNA library contains all DNA copies of cellular mRNA created using reverse transcriptase and represents the complete set of genes expressed by an organism.
Dr. Stephanie Rossow - Applications of Next Generation SequencingJohn Blue
Applications of Next Generation Sequencing - Dr. Stephanie Rossow, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
Ranking global Phytophthora threats by understanding pathways, niches and tra...Forest Research
This document discusses work package 3 of a project that aims to rank global Phytophthora threats by understanding their pathways, niches, and traits. The work package involves collecting data on pathogen traits and occurrences, identifying knowledge gaps, modeling risks, and learning from past invasion patterns. Key outcomes will be informing risk assessments, mapping risk areas in the UK, and understanding links between traits and invasion processes.
The document summarizes key information about coronaviruses and COVID-19. It discusses the origins of the 2019 outbreak in Wuhan, China. It describes coronaviruses and their structures. It provides histories of past coronavirus outbreaks like SARS and MERS. It also covers transmission methods of COVID-19, symptoms, testing, variants that have emerged, vaccines developed, and prevention methods.
This TV program discusses concerns about COVID-19 vaccines, including their potential long term health effects and ingredients. It presents the view that vaccines are part of a global plan involving digital identification and could be linked to biblical prophecies around the "mark of the beast". The hosts explain the vaccines contain graphene oxide and fetal tissues among other things. They claim the goal is mass experimentation and conditioning for digital tracking. The program urges people to research these issues and make informed choices about vaccination.
History, general features, mode of transmission and prevention of COVID-19SIHAS
The document provides information about COVID-19 including its history, characteristics, transmission, signs and symptoms, and prevention. It discusses that COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan, China in late 2019. It is transmitted primarily via respiratory droplets when people cough, sneeze or talk. Common signs include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Prevention includes frequent hand washing, coughing etiquette and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. As of February 2020, over 2,800 deaths had been reported globally mainly in China.
detailed information about COVID_19 and Corona Viruses how it would be transmitted and all the preventive measures
information about the vaccine of corona virus
The document discusses updates about the Delta variant of COVID-19. It states that the Delta variant is more contagious and now accounts for 25% of new COVID cases in the US. It is expected to become the dominant variant in the country. The Delta variant poses the greatest threat to eliminating COVID-19 according to health officials. Research also suggests Delta is the most transmissible variant seen to date. The document also mentions a new Delta sub-variant called Delta Plus that has been reported in several countries but its risks are still unclear.
The dynmics of covid 19 in africa compare to the rest of the worldoyepata
1. The document analyzes data from 187 countries to compare the impact of COVID-19 on African countries versus other parts of the world.
2. It finds that with the exception of South Africa, African countries appear to be least affected by the virus in terms of total cases and mortality rates.
3. The lower impact in Africa may be due to factors like a more robust immune response, though more research is needed to understand the reasons.
The document provides an overview of COVID-19, including its introduction, global effects, types/variants, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, precautions, and vaccine development. It discusses how the virus was first identified in China in late 2019 and became a global pandemic. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it spreads mainly through respiratory droplets, common symptoms include cough, fever and shortness of breath, and current treatment focuses on relieving symptoms while vaccines continue to be developed and distributed worldwide.
The document discusses the mutation mechanism behind the COVID-19 coronavirus. It describes how the virus was first detected in 2003 and is transmitted between animals and humans. A key finding is that a novel mutation in the virus's ORF3a gene appears to enhance its ability to spread worldwide. The mutation may help the virus more efficiently enter and infect host cells through the ACE2 receptor. Studies are ongoing to better understand coronavirus transmission and develop effective treatments.
The information in this slide deck was presented at the Covid Crisis in India - Information & Appeal on Sunday 23rd May 2021.
If you find the information in this slide deck useful, please donate to https://justgiving.com/fundraising/covidcrisisinindia
This document provides an introduction to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes it. It discusses the virology of coronaviruses and details of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It describes the epidemiology of COVID-19, including transmission dynamics, symptoms and disease progression. It also covers variants of concern and the global and local situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid 19)overviewMakrani Shaharukh
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. ‘CO’ stands for corona, ‘VI’ for virus, and ‘D’ for disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as ‘2019 novel coronavirus’ or ‘2019-nCoV.’The COVID-19 virus is a new virus linked to the same family of viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and some types of common cold. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, the outbreak was later recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Standard recommendations to prevent infection spread include regular hand washing, covering mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, Avoid close contact with anyone.
The document provides information on the Zika virus, including its history, epidemiology, transmission, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and current situation. It discusses how the virus was first identified in 1947 in Uganda in monkeys and humans in 1952. It outlines its spread to Africa, Asia, the Pacific islands, and the Americas. It also summarizes Brazil reporting over 500,000 suspected Zika cases and the observed increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly linked to the outbreak.
corona virus : a type of common virus that infects humans, typically leading to an upper respiratory infection( URI ) which spreads primarily through droplets of saliva by infected person.
COVID-19 (An International Trauma): A Brief Analysis on Research Trends, Impa...AnuragSingh1049
Corona virus disease (COVID-19); have been established as an epidemic of the century. COVID-19, a pandemic is spreading its web throughout the world affecting everyone resulting into mass destruction of populations causing human suffering, creating panic, disturbing everyone economically and stressing all kind of development of entire mankind. COVID-19 is a deadly disease that is supposed to be fatal in 4% of cases. In Severe cases this disease produces enormous respiratory harm like pneumonia, gastrointestinal disorders, weakened immune systems, kidney failure or even death. The pathology of COVID-19 is just similar to SARS and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) corona virus infection. There are no drugs or vaccines for corona viruses yet, including COVID-19. According to WHO Corona virus disease (COVID-19) outbreak situation is persisting with 421,792 confirmed cases and 18,883 confirmed deaths till 23 March 2020. Till now, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. Though, there are multiple of clinical trials, evaluations that may result into potential treatments are ongoing.
These slides highlight the approved & widely used vaccines for immunization against COVID-19 (as of end Q1 2021). At the time of writing, there are 3 COVID-19 vaccines that have been granted Emergency Use Authorization by the US FDA, 2 of which are using mRNA platforms.
This document provides an overview of COVID-19 presented by Dr. John. It defines COVID-19 and discusses its epidemiology, virology, transmission, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and monitoring. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its global case count and impact in Uganda, its transmission occurs via respiratory droplets, and treatment focuses on supportive care while several antiviral medications and vaccines are available.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV-2 and was discovered in December 2019. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world. The U.S. currently has the highest number of cases and deaths from COVID-19.
Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. mechsnism, pathogenesis and causes, transmission,symptoms and therapeutic strategies
Published by karuna raghuwanshi,M.pharma II semester (pharmaceutics),Pharmacy department.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
1. NEW STRAINS OF CORONA VIRUS
Strains of Corona virus
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The corona virus at the root of COVID-19 is the newest known member of this family. At their
core ,corona virus contain a genetic blue print called RNA , similar to DNA .
The single stranded RNA acts as a molecular message that enables production of protein
needed for other elements of the virus.
Encapsulating the RNA genome is the viral envelope which protects the virus when it is outside
of a host cell . This outer envelope is made from a layer of lipid ,a waxy barrier containing fat
molecules.
The bulbous projections seen on the outside of the corona virus are spike proteins (red orange).
This fringe of proteins gives the virus its crown like appearance under the microscope from
which the latin name corona derived.
2. • Multiple variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 are circulating globally. In collaboration with
SARS -COV-2 Interagency Group (SIG) for SARS - COV -2 variants being monitored:
image source:-google images
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B.1.1.7 - (UK Variant or Kent Variant)
This variant was first identify in the US in December 2020. It was initially detected in the UK
Symptoms
- persistent cough
- tiredness
- muscle ache
- sore throat
- fever
There are Currently 5 variant of concern in the United
States.
4. • B.1.351 - (South African Variant)
This Variant was first identified in the US at the end of January 2021. It was initially detected in
South Africa in December 2020.
• Unique facts
The researchers and officials reported that the prevalance of the variant was higher
among people with no underlying health conditions, and more frequent causes serious
illness in such cases than other variants
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5. • P. 1 -(Brazilian variant)
This Variant was first detected in the US in January 2021.
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Unique facts
It can produce nearly 10x more viral load than in other covid-19 infected persons.
It showed 1.4-2.2 times higher transmissibility.
This strain is more successful in infectingyounger humans;can be 10-80% more lethal.
capable of ivading 25-61% of immunity from original strain.
6. • B. 1.427 & B .1.429
These two variants were first identified in California in January 2021 .
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Unique fact
It has Approx. 20% increased transmissibility
Less susceptible.