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Mutually assured destruction (MAD) was a military doctrine during the Cold War where the United States and Soviet Union deterred the use of nuclear weapons based on the idea that a nuclear attack by one side would be met with an overwhelming nuclear response by the other, resulting in both sides' destruction. The doctrine was based on both sides having enough nuclear weapons to destroy the other and neither side using them first due to the retaliation and assured destruction that would follow. This tense nuclear standoff helped prevent direct military conflict between the two superpowers.
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The document discusses the debate around nuclear weapons proliferation. Scott D. Sagan argues that nuclear weapons promote deterrence and discourage arms races and conflicts that threaten vital interests. Kenneth N. Waltz disagrees due to risks of accidents, lack of oversight, and preemptive wars. The author argues that deterrence through assured retaliation is stable, as during the Cold War, and that nuclear weapons discourage conventional arms races and limit escalation in conflicts.
Evolution of strategic doctrines
This document summarizes several strategic doctrines from the Cold War era:
1. Massive Retaliation called for nuclear retaliation to any communist aggression. Flexible Response provided conventional and nuclear options.
2. Deterrence aimed to discourage attacks through the threat of retaliation. Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) meant neither side would attack due to the threat of nuclear destruction.
3. The Strategic Defense Initiative proposed missile defense to make nuclear weapons obsolete.
Nuclear Deterrence.pptx
Nuclear deterrence is a military strategy where the threat of nuclear retaliation is used to prevent aggression. During the Cold War, the doctrine of mutually assured destruction kept the US and USSR from attacking each other due to the threat of massive nuclear retaliation that could annihilate the attacker. The development of intercontinental ballistic missiles and second strike capabilities strengthened deterrence by ensuring both sides could launch a devastating response even after a first strike. The goal of nuclear deterrence is to intimidate enemies through the threat of unacceptable damage so they do not initiate conflict in the first place.
Presentation1
Hello..!! its my first presentation...please keep support me ..i will provide your subjects related meterial..i want to teach or understand each and basic knowledge of our world ..
Nuclear weapons & influence
This document discusses the initial impacts and development of nuclear weapons and strategy between major powers from 1945-1980s. It covers topics like the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, calls for international control over nuclear weapons, the failed Baruch Plan, doctrines of massive retaliation and mutual assured destruction, flexible response strategies, and programs like the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and Strategic Defense Initiative. The overall nuclear arms race and strategies are analyzed from the perspective of the US, USSR, and other involved countries.
Technology and changing nature of warfare
This document discusses the changing nature of warfare throughout history, focusing on the increasing role of technology:
- It begins in 1915 with the first use of poison gas and continues through major events like the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- The Cold War saw a focus on improving aircraft and missiles, as well as chemical weapons. The policy of deterrence developed, relying on threats of retaliation.
- More recently, precision guided weapons have allowed reduced casualties while still achieving military objectives, as seen in conflicts like the Gulf War.
- However, technology has also enabled new threats like cyberattacks, raising questions about the ongoing relevance of deterrence in contemporary times.
UNIT 8-EISENHOWER AND HIS FOREIGN POLICY
Brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. The word was probably coined by the American politician Adlai Stevenson in his criticism of the philosophy described as "going to the brink" during an interview with US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles during the Eisenhower administration.
CHC2D Canadian HistoryCh. 11.1
The Cold War emerged after World War II and divided the world into capitalist and communist blocs led by the United States and Soviet Union respectively. As the two superpowers stockpiled nuclear weapons without direct conflict, tensions were high. Canada played a middle power role by mediating international issues and sharing intelligence through espionage. The threat of mutually assured destruction kept nuclear weapons from being used but consumed resources in an arms race until tensions eased with the Cold War's end in the late 1980s.
Lessons 3,8,9,10,12,13 Terrorism, Fp, Policy, Strategy, Stagesetter Doher...
This document provides an agenda and instructions for an Air Force class covering several lessons on cultural studies, terrorism, force protection, U.S. policy, and strategy. Cadets are assigned readings and will lead discussions on various topics. The class will include a video, group exercises, and discussions of assigned lessons. Cadets will also prepare talking papers and presentations for future classes.
Lessons 3,8,9,10,12,13 Terrorism, Fp, Policy, Strategy, Stagesetter Doher...
This document provides an overview of lessons for an introductory cultural studies class, including discussions of setting the global stage, terrorism and force protection, U.S. policy, and making strategy. The instructor provides guidance for students to prepare for and lead discussions on various lessons covering regional issues, the goals of increased cultural awareness for U.S. officers, the history and tactics of terrorism, and the evolution of U.S. foreign policy from isolationism to contemporary strategies. Students will then tie these topics together in a group exercise and assignments.
Security and Disarmament
This document discusses the relationship between national security, deterrence theory, and nuclear non-proliferation. It begins by outlining deterrence theory, which holds that a nation will be deterred from acting against another if the costs of retaliation outweigh the benefits. It then discusses how deterrence theory influenced global politics during the Cold War as the US and USSR raced to develop nuclear weapons. While both powers advocated for nuclear non-proliferation to limit proliferation, their primary goal was to deter potential threats through maintaining nuclear superiority.
DETERRENCE .pdf
The document discusses the concept of deterrence in international relations. It outlines two categories of deterrence: direct deterrence to prevent attacks on a state's own territory, and extended deterrence to prevent attacks on allied states. Deterrence can also be immediate to address short-term threats, or general to prevent threats from arising. The document then discusses how deterrence became prominent after WWII and the nuclear era, using the Cuban Missile Crisis as an example where a US naval blockade deterred the Soviet Union from maintaining nuclear missiles in Cuba.
World war 3
This document presents a presentation on the hypothetical World War 3 given by students to their professor. It outlines some of the key events and stages that may lead to and characterize WW3, including conflicts in the Middle East, Israel, and Far East. It also discusses countries that may be involved like the US, Russia, China, and India. Reasons for WW3 are proposed to include arms development, information technology, resources, territory, and diseases. Close calls of the Cold War and the current conflict with ISIS are also summarized.
Nuclear arms race by tasya
The United States began developing nuclear weapons out of fear that the Soviet Union and other countries like France and China were doing so. The U.S. became the first to use nuclear weapons when they bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Seeing the Soviet Union as its main enemy, the U.S. focused on intercontinental ballistic missiles that could travel long distances. By 1957, the U.S. had developed missiles that could fly over 6,000 miles and land within a mile of their target. The nuclear arms race between the U.S. and Soviet Union during the Cold War involved both sides developing capabilities to launch devastating attacks even after suffering assaults from the other side.
Bush doctrine by @JWongi
Presentation slides for World Issues class in high school. I'm 12th grade in CheongShim International Academy. Designed these slides to elaborate about Bush Doctrine and its implications. Enjoy.
The Threat of Nuclear Weapons
This section of Solutions for America talks about the very real threat of nuclear war that faces America. It discusses how to approach these issues safely and conservatively.
The Cold War Expands
The Cold War expanded globally through the 1950s as tensions rose between the United States and Soviet Union. They engaged in an arms race, stockpiling nuclear weapons on a massive scale in a strategy of mutually assured destruction. President Eisenhower pursued containment of communism through nuclear deterrence rather than conventional forces. Conflicts erupted in areas like Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and were met with new policies like massive retaliation and the Eisenhower Doctrine. The space race began as the Soviets launched Sputnik, worrying Americans and leading to the creation of NASA.
Unit 5 lesson 3 the cold war expands
The Cold War arms race between the United States and Soviet Union intensified in the 1950s. Both sides raced to develop more powerful nuclear weapons, with each country building stockpiles large enough to destroy the other many times over in the hope that this policy of mutually assured destruction would deter nuclear war. Meanwhile, tensions also rose in space as the Soviets launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite, sparking fears of Soviet dominance and prompting increased American efforts to catch up in the space race through the creation of NASA.
Geopolitics - Part 2.pdf
This document provides an overview of neo-realism in international relations between 1945-1991. It discusses key aspects of the theory including the UN system established after WWII, nuclear deterrence during the Cold War bipolar system, and the security dilemma faced by states. It also examines cases like India/Pakistan tensions and Iran's pursuit of deterrence. The document analyzes the Cuban Missile Crisis decision-making process and outcomes. It notes the eventual collapse of the USSR due to economic failures and the emergence of a brief US unipolar moment after the Gulf War in 1991.
Similar to New microsoft power point presentation (25) (20)
The Kennedy Doctrine of Flexible Response Flexible Response.docx
The Kennedy Doctrine of Flexible Response Flexible Response.docx
Lessons 3,8,9,10,12,13 Terrorism, Fp, Policy, Strategy, Stagesetter Doher...
Lessons 3,8,9,10,12,13 Terrorism, Fp, Policy, Strategy, Stagesetter Doher...
Lessons 3,8,9,10,12,13 Terrorism, Fp, Policy, Strategy, Stagesetter Doher...
Lessons 3,8,9,10,12,13 Terrorism, Fp, Policy, Strategy, Stagesetter Doher...
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New microsoft power point presentation (25)
- 1. MUTUALLY ASSURED DESTRUCTION – TRULY MAD SCENARIO
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Mutual assured destruction, or mutually assured destruction (MAD), is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of high-yield weapons of mass destruction by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender. • It is based on the theory of deterrence where the threat of using strong weapons against the enemy prevents the enemy's use of those same weapons. • The strategy is a form of Nash equilibrium in which neither side, once armed, has any incentive to initiate a conflict or to disarm.
- 4. THEORY • The doctrine of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) assumes that each side has enough nuclear weaponry to destroy the other side; and that either side, if attacked for any reason by the other, would retaliate without fail with equal or greater force. • The expected result is an immediate irreversible escalation of hostilities resulting in both combatants' mutual, total and assured destruction. • The doctrine further assumes that neither side will dare to launch a first strike because the other side will launch on warning (also called fail-deadly) or with secondary forces (a second strike), resulting in unacceptable losses for both parties. • The payoff of the MAD doctrine is expected to be a tense but stable global peace. • The primary application of this doctrine started during the Cold War (1940s to 1991) in which MAD was seen as helping to prevent any direct full-scale conflicts between the United States and the Soviet Union while they engaged in smaller proxy wars around the world. • It was also responsible for the arms race, as both nations struggled to keep nuclear parity, or at least retain second-strike capability. Although the Cold War ended in the early 1990s, the doctrine of Mutual Assured Destruction continues to be applied.
- 6. DETAILS • When the Soviet Union achieved nuclear parity with the United States, the Cold War had entered a new phase. The cold war became a conflict more dangerous and unmanageable than anything Americans had faced before. • In the old cold war Americans had enjoyed superior nuclear force, an unchallenged economy, strong alliances, and a trusted Imperial President to direct his incredible power against the Soviets. • In the new cold war, however, Russian forces achieved nuclear equality. Each side could destroy the other many times. • This fact was officially accepted in a military doctrine known as Mutual Assured Destruction, a.k.a. MAD. Mutual Assured Destruction began to emerge at the end of the Kennedy administration. • MAD reflects the idea that one's population could best be protected by leaving it vulnerable so long as the other side faced comparable vulnerabilities. In short: Whoever shoots first, dies second.
- 8. MAD TO SDI • MAD acctually acknowledged more than just nuclear parity. Both sides admitted their vulnerability and prepared early thinking on a concept that later became known as "Star Wars." • As early as 1961 former secretary of defense Robert McNamara said: "If we could create an umbrella we would need it, no matter what it costs.“ • In subsequent years, protecting strategic forces rather than the population appeared to be the morally wrong choice. • When MAD lost its domestic credibility, the Reagan administration promised to work toward Mutual Assured Security (MAS) instead of relying on MAD.
- 10. REFERENCE • http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/cold-war/strategy/strategy- mutual-assured-destruction.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction • http://img.4plebs.org/boards/tg/image/1366/52/1366529615238.png • http://www.minnesota-litigator.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/nuclear_fireball1.jpg • http://static.flickr.com/38/103953281_de7de8289b_o.jpg • http://images.jayisgames.com/mad.jpg
- 11. THANK YOU