The document summarizes key historians and developments in Greek, Roman, and Western historiography. It discusses Herodotus and Thucydides as two of the first historians and their different approaches. It then covers historians from the Hellenistic period like Polybius and their styles. Roman historians discussed include Livy, who wrote a history of Rome from its founding, and Tacitus, a writer on the late Roman Empire. The document also summarizes characteristics of Christian, Medieval, and Renaissance historiography and their developments.

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3.  Both regarded as father of history.
 The differences between Herodotus and
Thucydides are in style, interpretation and
purpose.
 Herodotus’ chronicles show what moral
lessons can be learnt.Thucydides isn’t
concerned with morality, but pragmatism.

5. HELLENISTIC PERIOD
 The Hellenistic
period covers the
period of
Mediterranean
history between the
death of Alexander
the Great in 323 BC
and the emergence
of the Roman
Empire.
 The word Hellenistic
comes from the root word
Hellas, which was the
ancientGreek word for
Greece.The HellenicAge
was the time when Greek
culture was pure and
unaffected by other
cultures.

6.  Polybius was a Greek
historian of the Hellenistic
period noted for his work
The Histories, which
covered the period of 264–
146 BC in detail.
 Polybius is considered by
some to be the successor
of Thucydides in terms of
objectivity and critical
reasoning.

7. LIVY
 Livy's most famous work
was his history of Rome.
In it he narrates a
complete history of the
city of Rome, from its
foundation to the death
of Augustus.
 He wrote 142 books on
the history of Rome
from 753 B.C. to 9 B.C.
and only 35 books have
survived.
TACITUS
 Roman orator, lawyer,
public official, and
historian. He is
considered to be among
the greatest prose
stylists to write in the
Latin language.
 Tacitus wrote descriptive
works (Germania and De
Vita Julii Agricolae), a
work on oratory (Dialogus
de oratoribus), and
historical works
(Historiae and Annales).

8.  Greek and Roman Historiography is a collection of important articles
from the last thirty years which treat the ways in which the ancient
Greeks and Romans thought about and wrote their histories.
1. HUMANISM
 In the first case, it is evident that history 'is a narrative of human
history, the history of man's deeds, man's purposes, man's successes
and failures.
2. SUBSTANTIALISM
 Substantialism implies a theory of knowledge according to
which only that which is unchanging is knowable. But what is
unchanging is not historical, it is the transitory event that is
historical.

9. 1. CHARACTERISTIC OF CHRISTIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY.
2. MEDEIVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
3. RENAISSANCE HISTORIOGRAPHY

10.  The important characteristics of Christian
historiography are:
 Universal History: Christian historiographers
composed universal history.
 Chronological Organisation of History: The
Christian historiographers brought the
chronological organisation of historical events.

11.  During the Middle Ages,
medieval historiography
included the works of
chronicles in medieval
Europe, Islamic histories by
Muslim historians, and the
Korean and Japanese
historical writings based on
the existing Chinese
model.

12.  The Renaissance was a period
in European history marking
the transition from the Middle
Ages to Modernity and
covering the 15th and 16th
centuries.
 Among them were humanism,
individualism, skepticism, well-
roundedness, secularism,
classicism and patronage.
These values were reflected in
buildings, writing, painting,
sculpture, and science