New democracy & citizenship
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Democracy & Citizenship discusses key concepts related to democracy such as apartheid, voting, government, and citizens. It outlines South Africa's transition from apartheid rule to its first democratic election on April 27, 1994 where Nelson Mandela was elected the country's first democratic president after 27 years in prison under the apartheid government. The document prompts students to describe democracy and consider whether a scenario of one-man rule for over 20 years where people are afraid to disagree is an example of a democratic government.
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Civics is the study of citizenship and government. It examines the roles of citizens and different levels of government, including national, state and local governments. Civics also explores different types of governments such as democracies, monarchies, socialist systems, communist systems, authoritarian systems, and governments based on religion. The ultimate role of government is to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
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There are two main forms of democratic government: parliamentary and presidential. In a parliamentary democracy, executive power is vested in the parliament and citizens elect members of parliament, who then select the prime minister as head of government. In a presidential democracy, citizens directly elect both legislators and the president, who serves as head of state and government. The United States exemplifies a presidential democracy with its separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches.
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This document discusses different models of democracy, focusing on majoritarian vs consensus systems of government. It outlines the trade-offs between inclusiveness and efficiency in democracy. Majoritarian systems emphasize clear decisions but may override minority rights, while consensus systems are more inclusive but can lead to deadlock. Different dimensions are presented, including electoral systems, federalism vs unitary states, written vs unwritten constitutions. Parliamentary and presidential systems are compared, noting critiques and defenses of each. Alternative electoral systems like plurality, alternative vote and proportional representation are outlined.
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Civics is the study of citizenship and government. It examines the roles of citizens and different levels of government, including national, state and local governments. Civics also explores different types of governments such as democracies, monarchies, socialist systems, communist systems, authoritarian systems, and governments based on religion. The ultimate role of government is to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
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The document contains a Jeopardy game about introductory government topics including:
- Forms of government such as democracy, monarchy, republics, federalism
- Theories on the origins of the state like divine right, social contract, forceful takeover
- Concepts in American democracy like rule of law, compromise, mixed economy
- Economic systems like free market and principles of supply and demand
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The document discusses the seven key principles of democracy in the United States as outlined in the US Constitution:
1) Popular sovereignty - Political power rests with the people who can create, alter and abolish their government.
2) Limited government - The government is restricted to only the powers granted in the Constitution.
3) Federalism - Power is distributed between the national, state and local governments.
4) Republicanism - The people vote for representatives to make laws on their behalf.
5) Separation of powers - Each branch of government has distinct powers to prevent abuse of power.
6) Checks and balances - Each branch oversees the others to prevent overreach and keep things balanced
Spider Diagram for Gender Analysis
This document provides instructions for using a spider diagram to analyze gender disparity in a community. The process involves asking community members to identify on different lines how females and males situation with regards to various gender aspects like access, participation, freedom of mobility, control, property rights, and the risk of violence. Once plotted, the points are connected separately for females and males, then a discussion is facilitated to understand why the disparities exist and how to resolve them. The gender aspects analyzed cover a variety of factors relating to access to resources, participation levels, freedom of movement, control over decisions and assets, inheritance rights, and risks of different types of violence.
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This document discusses different forms of democracy including representative, parliamentary, presidential, and semi-presidential. It outlines key principles of democracy like free elections, government based on consent of the governed, and decisions made by majority rule. Some benefits mentioned are freedom, elected representatives, respect internationally. Some criticisms include that democracy favors stupid voters, can be unstable, and is expensive. However, the conclusion is that overall democracy best allows a country to develop by providing equal rights and meeting people's basic needs.
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This document discusses the role and levels of government. It provides examples of institutions that are part of the government like the Supreme Court and Indian Railways. It explains that there are three levels of government - national, state, and local. The national level governs the entire country, state level covers an individual state, and local level includes villages, towns and localities. The government is responsible for maintaining security, enacting laws, and providing social programs for citizens. It manages these responsibilities across different branches and levels of government.
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This document discusses democracy and its key aspects and characteristics. It defines democracy as a system where supreme power is held by the people, either directly or indirectly through elected representatives. It outlines that a democratic system includes a democratic state, government, society, and economic order. The key characteristics of democracy mentioned include sovereignty residing with the people, fundamental rights and freedoms, independent judiciary, rule of law, periodic elections, decentralization of power, and respect for public opinion and minority rights. It concludes that democracy provides the best form of government for a country to develop and prosper when it upholds values like equal rights, rule of law, and meeting citizens' basic needs.
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The document outlines and compares different types of economic and political systems. It describes traditional, market, command, and mixed economies. It then explains the key features of different forms of government, including dictatorships, direct and representative democracies, presidential and parliamentary democracies, absolute and constitutional monarchies, and theocracies. It concludes by defining sources and distinguishing between primary and secondary sources.
Citiezenship revsion
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to citizenship, government, laws, and society. It discusses democratic systems of government, rights and responsibilities of citizens, and the roles of institutions like parliament, courts, and government. It also addresses issues like diversity, migration, and the media. The document aims to concisely define and explain foundational civic concepts.
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India is the largest democratic state that declares itself as a democratic federal republic. It has a bicameral legislature where the parliament and Rajya Sabha are elected every 5 and 6 years respectively. While India enjoys successes like a corruption-free election commission and no military coups since independence, there are still failures like keeping educated people out of government and candidates influencing voters based on religion, caste, and money rather than qualifications.
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Democracy is a system of government where citizens participate in political decision making through voting. There are various types of democracies including representative democracy, where citizens vote for representatives, and direct democracy, where citizens vote on policy initiatives directly. Representative democracies can take the form of parliamentary or presidential systems. Hybrid systems combine elements of direct and representative democracy, using mechanisms like referendums. For a democracy to be effective, it must protect citizens' rights and have separation of powers to prevent any one branch from accumulating too much authority.
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This document discusses politics and the political process. It defines politics as the science of government and political methods or procedures for administering political affairs. A key aspect of politics discussed is that nations have citizens who have the power to choose leaders through elections to serve the public. The roles of senators, congressmen, and the president are also outlined, with senators and congressmen making laws and the president serving as the chief executive. Corruption within politics is addressed as misusing power and wealth for improper gains, which can then lead to increased poverty among citizens.
Direct democracy
A short presentation on how technology could enhance democracy. Given at the Brighter Brains conference on "The Future of Politics" on 10/18/15 in Oakland, CA
Democracy
Democracy allows citizens to participate directly or indirectly in government. In a direct democracy, citizens vote directly on laws, while in a representative democracy citizens elect representatives to make laws for them, which is more common in large communities like countries. The key aspects of democracy are that it is a government for the people, gives citizens authority to vote and change leadership, and promotes education and a sense of responsibility. However, democracy also has downsides like potential for irresponsibility, inefficiency if uneducated people are elected, and corruption if voting is influenced by bribery. The document argues that democracy in Pakistan has faced instability due to uneducated masses and self-interested political leaders and dictators.
Problems of democracy
Modern democracy is facing problems as it has evolved to empower special interest groups over the true will of the majority. Politicians pander to narrow interests to gain support, enacting policies most people would disapprove of. Additionally, governments have become unlimited as legislatures make and enforce laws, rather than separating these functions. This has replaced rule of law with arbitrary rule and increased the role of bureaucracy in controlling society. The solutions proposed are reviving responsible political culture and separating the legislative, governmental, and judicial functions of the state.
Debate1
While democracy promotes certain freedoms and representation of the people, it is not necessarily the best or only form of government that can achieve these goals. Autocracies can also potentially promote transparency, checks on power, and respect for human rights. Additionally, autocracies may be better than democracies at driving economic growth through large infrastructure projects and efficient resource exploitation. However, democracies become stronger forms of government once countries develop economically and rely more on services and innovation.
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This document outlines Indian laws related to gender equality, women's rights, and children. It discusses constitutional provisions guaranteeing equality and prohibiting discrimination based on attributes like sex. Laws discussed include those related to equal pay, child labor prohibition, child marriage prohibition, trafficking and exploitation of children. The Right to Education Act guarantees free and compulsory education to children from ages 6 to 14. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the importance of women's voices and protecting children as valuable resources.
Democracy of Bangladesh.Ranok
Democracy is a system where citizens decide matters as a group through voting. There are two main forms - direct democracy, where citizens vote directly on issues, and representative democracy, where citizens elect representatives to make decisions. While Bangladesh has held elections since independence, it still faces challenges to fully institutionalizing democracy, such as weak political culture and institutions, corruption, and lack of strong leadership. However, prospects for democracy in Bangladesh include its homogeneous population, provisions for caretaker governments during elections, and an increasingly active civil society.
Indian democracy
India is a democratic country where the government is elected by the people and works with the consent of the people. Democracy means government by the people, for the people, and of the people. Democracy improves decision making, provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts, and enhances citizens' dignity. Rights are necessary in a democracy and include fundamental rights given special status in the Indian constitution. A judiciary aims to protect society and values while bureaucracy serves the legislature. However, corruption from selfishness, greed, and desires for more than individual rights has reached higher levels and undermines the constitution and rule of law. True democracy will exist when citizens have equal access to information, education, resources, and commitment beyond just equal voting rights.
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This document defines and explains different forms of government. It begins by defining civics as the study of citizenship and government. It then discusses why governments are needed, listing their main functions as making laws, keeping order, providing services, and preventing anarchy. The document also outlines different levels of government and describes various types including democracy, monarchy, socialism, communism, and authoritarian forms like dictatorship. It concludes by defining religious governments known as theocracies.
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The document discusses the constitutional design of South Africa and India. It provides context on the democratic constitution in South Africa, explaining the apartheid system and Nelson Mandela's role in opposing it. It then discusses the struggle against apartheid and the process of developing a new post-apartheid constitution in South Africa. It also summarizes the challenges in developing the Indian constitution and the values that guided it, as outlined in its preamble.
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This document discusses different models and aspects of democracy. It begins by defining democracy and its key principles like rule by the people and citizens having the right to make decisions. It then outlines three main models of democracy - participatory, direct, and representative. Participatory democracy involves collective discussion, direct democracy involves citizens deciding issues together, and representative democracy involves electing representatives. The document also discusses important aspects of democracy like protection of civil liberties, political competition, popular support for government, alternation of power, and more. It provides examples to illustrate each concept. In the end, it outlines an activity for students to identify a best democratic practice in another country and a worst undemocratic practice in the Philippines, and compare the two.
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This document provides an overview of principles of government. It defines key terms like government, public policies, and the three powers (legislative, executive, judicial). It also outlines the four characteristics of a state: population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It discusses early governing documents like the Mayflower Compact and Constitution. It explains different forms of government like democracy, republic, monarchy, and dictatorship. It also describes how power is distributed in unitary, federal, and confederation systems of government. Finally, it discusses reasons for democracy and features of the American free enterprise system.
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New democracy & citizenship
- 2. New words Apartheid โ Government made unfair laws. People were treated unfairly according to their race Democracy โ A system of government in a country where everyone can vote to elect the leaders Voting- Showing which person or party you want to choose Government โ The group of people in charge of a country Democratic elections- Process through which all adult citizens have the right to vote Citizens โ People of a country Political party- A group of people who have similar ideas about how a country should be run Ballot paper- A page given to a voter on which the party or person he or she is voting for is marked
- 5. 27 April 1994 - 1st Democratic Election
- 6. Nelson Mandela โ From 27 years in prison to South Africaโs 1st democratic president
- 7. ACTIVITY โ DESCRIBE DEMOCRACY 1. Why can we say that democracy is a government โby the peopleโ and โfor the peopleโ? 2. Is the following a situation an example of a democratic government? Say why or why not. One man and his supporters have been ruling the country for over 20 years. The people of the country are afraid to disagree with what this ruler says because they will be put in jail or be harmed in other ways.